Objective:To examine the expression of TRAF6 in esophageal organization from protein level and analyze the correlations between TRAF6 expression and clinical features.Methods: Seventy-eight patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who were admitted to the Department of Oncology , Henan Province Hospital of TCM from January 2005 and January 2010 were finally eligible for present study and the corresponding esophageal normal tissues and clinical data were collected .All the specimens were confirmed by pathology for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or esophageal normal tissues .The expression of TRAF6 in the tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry .The correlation between the TRAF6 expression and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed.Results:The positive expression rate of TRAF 6 in esophageal cancer organizations and normal esophageal mucosal tissues were 71.79%and 10.26%,respectively.The positive expression rate of TRAF6 in esophageal cancer were significantly higher than those in normal esophageal mucosal tissue ( P<0.05 ) .The positive expression rate of TRAF 6 in esophageal cancer organizations has nothing to do with the age,sex,tumor differentiation degree and size(P>0.05),but with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05).Patients with positive TRAF6 expression had significantly lower five-year survival rate than those with tumors having positive TAK1 expression.Conclusion:TRAF6 may play an important role in the pathology and development of squamous cell carcinoma ,and could be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of esophageal cancer .

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToestablishandevaluateahyperbilirubinemiaandkernicterusmodelinneonatalSDrats. METHODS:Three-day-old SD rats were randomly divided to 7 experimental groups by litter and body weight , and were in-traperitoneally injected with physiological saline (control group), and 6.25μg/g (T1), 12.5μg/g (T2), 25μg/g (T3), 50μg/g (T4), 100μg/g (T5) and 200μg/g (T6) bilirubin, respectively, twice every day for 3 d.All rats were photo-graphed , weighed and killed 12 h after the last injection .The contents of the stomach were drawn and weighed , and the index was calculated .The liver/body weight ratio was determined , the total and unconjugated bilirubin in the serum and total bili-rubin in the brain were calculated , and the contents of ATP and water in the brain were measured .HE and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes .RESULTS:Along with the increase in bilirubin , gradual exacerbation of the general performance of the rats , and yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes were observed .The degree of the activity gradually reduced , and the weight gain was suppressed .The weight of T6 group showed negative growth , and the 72 h mortality rate was close to 100%.The mortality rate in T4 and T5 groups continued to rise 1 week after injection .Com-pared with control group , the weight of stomach contents and stomach content index in T 3~T5 groups significantly decreased (P<0.01).The liver/body weight ratio in T5 group was significantly higher (P<0.05).The concentrations of serum total and unconjugated bilirubin and brain bilirubin levels in T 1~T5 groups were gradually increased , while the brain water con-tent had no difference among groups .The brain ATP content in T1~T5 groups increased at the beginning and reached its peak in T3 group, but compared with control group , that in T4 group and T5 group significantly reduced (P<0.05).HE re-sults showed that , with the increase in bilirubin concentration , the number of the neurons in the cerebral cortex of the rats de-creased.In T4 group and T5 group, the neuronal structural disorder , cell swelling, nuclear pyknosis, fragmentation and dis-solution, increase in non-homogeneous structure of the material dyed red , and disappearance of nuclear staining were ob-served.Nissl staining showed that , compared with control group , in T1 group and T2 group, the cortical neurons became smaller, Nissl bodies decreased , and cytoplasmic staining changed little .The cortical neuronal tigroid body color became light gradually, neuron cells become small , and Nissl bodies decreased obviously in T 3, T4 and T5 groups.The T4 and T5 rat ce-rebral cortical neurons dissolved or even disappeared .CONCLUSION:Newborn 3-day-old SD rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin at doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100μg/g, 2 times a day, can induce hyperbilirubinemia , and 50 and 100μg/g can cause bilirubin encephalopathy .

Objective:To explore the feasibility and superiority of retropubic extraperitoneal laparosco-pic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation to treat large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods:From January 2006 to August 2009,laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation was performed in 45 patients with symptomatic BPH,and the age of patients was 70.5?7.2(range 47 to 83) years old.The transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) revealed BPH and calculated prostatic gland weight was 126.1?52.4(range 62 to 365) g.There were 3 cases presented with bladder calculus and 1 case presented with bladder diverticulum.The technique included retropubic extraperitoneal space produced by balloon dilation,five trocars in a reverted U shape placed,transverse prostatic capsular incision made,subcapsular plane developed,prostatic adenoma removed while prostatic urethra preserved as well as prostatic capsule sutured.Demographic,perioperative and outcome data were recorded.Results:No patient required conversion to open surgery.The mean operative time was 123.9?51.3(range 37 to 270) minutes and the estimated blood loss was 230.6?194.5(range 50 to 800) mL.Blood transfusion was not necessary in this group of patients.Bladdder irrigation was not needed except for the initial 2 cases and the average Foley catheter duration was 7.5?3.5(range 2 to 14) days.Significant improvement was noted in the maximum flow rate,the International Prostate Score Symptoms(IPSS) and the quality of life questionnaires(QOL) three months after surgery.The erectile function was preserved in all patients who were potent before surgery and the ejaculation maintained antegrade.No urinary incontinence was reported by patients.Conclusion:Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation for large benign prostatic hyperplasia is feasible and reproducible.Postoperative bladder irrigation can be avoided and antegrade ejaculation is preserved.The patients have a shorter hospital stay and early return to normal activity.

Objective: To investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on hemichannel activity in human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and to explore the role of hemichannel in AgNP-induced anti-proliferative effect on HaCaT cells.Methods: HaCaT cells were exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 μg/cm2 of AgNPs for 24 h and cell viability was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining with flow cytometry.Hemichannel activity was examined by ethidium bromide (EB) uptake experiments in cells exposed to AgNPs with and without hemichannel inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX).Afterward, HaCaT cells were seeded at a low density of 1×104cell /cm2 or a normal density of 4×104cell /cm2 and cultured for 24 h.Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 (cck-8) in low-or normal-density cultured cells exposed to AgNPs for 24 h with and without 100 μmol/L CBX.Results: Cell viability showed no significant differences between the control and AgNP-exposed groups with the concentration less than 10 μg/cm2.Exposure to AgNPs increased EB uptake in a time-and dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells and EB fluoresce density was increased to 116.67%, 124.85% and 139.53% of the control after exposure to 10 μg/cm2 AgNPs for 2 h, 12 h and 24 h.After being treated with 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L CBX, 10 μg/cm2 AgNP-induced increase in EB uptake was significantly reduced in HaCaT cells (P<0.01).The cellular proliferation rate was increased inlow-and normal-density cultured cells after AgNPs exposure with 100 μmol/L CBX.After being treated with 100 μmol/L CBX, 10 μg/cm2 AgNP-induced anti-proliferation in low-density cultured cells was significantly restrained (P<0.01).Conclusion: AgNPs could enhance hemichannel activity of HaCaT cells.Hemichannel activation was involved in AgNP-induced anti-proliferative effect.

Objective To summarize and analyze data of solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPTP) in China,and investigate its epidemiology,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment.Methods Retrieval of Chinese Medical Current Contents and China Biology Medicine disc by the key words of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas,papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas,pancreatic papillary epithelial tumor,cystic solid tumor of pancreas and Frantz tumor were performed,and relevant literatures were included.Results A total of 1180 SPTP patients from 117 articles were involved.There were 1054 women and 126 men and the ratio of male to female was 1:8.37.The average age was 29 years old (range 9 ～83 years).Detailed clinical information was available for 1172 cases,and the main clinical manifestations included abdominal discomfort (n=526,44.88％),medical check-up (n=464,39.59％),abdominal mass (n=131,11.18％).Laboratory and imaging tests were non-specific.The tumors size was 1.3～ 30 cm with a mean value of 7.84 cm.Four handreds and seven (36.8％) cases were located in pancreatic head,96 (8.7％)were in pancreas neck and 587 (53.1％) were in the body and tail of pancreas.Eleven handreds and sixteen patients received treatment,and the resection rate was 99.2％ (n =1107).Pathological examination showed that 628(57.0％) cases were benign and 306 (27.8％) were presented as malignant behavior,mainly as infiltrative growth and invasion of the surrounding organs,vessels.Nine handreds and seventy-seven cases were followed up (ranging from 1 month to 13 years),and re-occurrence or metastasis were detected in 42 cases (4.3％) and 24 patients died.Conclusions Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas is a rare pancreatic tumor with low-grade malignant potential,and part of this tumor may present as malignant behavior and it primarily affects young females.No characteristics in clinical manifestations,laboratory and imaging tests are found.Pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis.Surgical resection is the therapy of choice and the prognosis is good.

ObjectiveTo compare the accelerating effect of topical recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) on wound healing after fractional CO2 laser therapy.MethodsTwenty male guinea pigs were included in this study.After hair removal and irradiation with fractional CO2 laser,the back of each guinea pig was divided into 4 regions to be topically treated with rhEGF of 10 μg/cm2 (rhEGF group),rb-bFGF of 262.51 IU/cm2 (rb-bFGF group),the combination of rhEGF and rb-bFGF (combination group),or normal saline (control group),twice daily until the healing of wound.Skin physiology parameters including elasticity index and melanin index were detected before the irradiation,7,14 and 28 days after the irradiation,and compared between the 4 groups by analysis of variance.Tissue specimens were obtained from 4 mice at the above time points and subjected to pathological examination for the observation of collagen fibers and quantification of fibroblasts.ResultsAfter fractional CO2 laser therapy,the crusts fall off completely in growth factor-treated regions,while partly in the control regions,within 3 to 7 days; the wounds healed completely in 14 to 28 days in all the groups,with the regenerating tissue being more tender and redder compared with the surrounding unirradiated tissue.The wound surface was smaller in area and redder in color in the 3 growth factor-treated groups than in the control group.At 28 days after the irradiation,the elasticity index was 262.29 ± 62.40 in the combination group,202.00 ± 65.62 in the rhEGF group,188.86 ± 35.02 in the rb-bFGF group,167.14 ± 42.49 in the control group.Statistical difference was observed in elasticity index,but not in skin melanin index among the 4 groups.Pathological examination showed a dense and organized arrangement of collagen fibers in the combination group but a sparse and disorganized arrangement of collagen fibers in the control group.ConclusionThe combined application of rhEGF and rbbFGF can accelerate the healing of wound and increase the elasticity of regenerating tissue after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of anaesthetic concentration of sevoflurane on TM3 mouse leydig cell viability.Methods TM3 mouse leydig cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 dishes each):control group (group C),2％ and 5％ sevoflurane groups (groups SEV1 and SEV2 ).The cells were collected after being exposed to sevoflurane or 95 ％ room air + 5 ％ CO2 for 2,4 or 6 h (T1-3) for microscopic examination with optical binocular inverted microscope.The number of live cells was counted by using cell counting kit8.Gene chips were used to indentify differentially expressed genes between group C and group SEV2 after being exposed to air and 5 ％ sevoflurane for 6 h respectively.Results The leydig cell viability was significantly decreased at T3 in group SEV2 as compared with groups C and SEV1.Morphological changes were found only in group SEV2.A total of 45 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in group SEV2 as compared with group C.The level of expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 gene (Ptgs2),chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2(CCL2) gene and dual specificity phosphatase1 (Dusp1) gene increased by at least 4 times in group SEV2.Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit the cell viability of TM3 mouse leydig cell in concentration dependent manner through abnormal expression of Ptgs2,CCL2 and Dusp1 genes.

BACKGROUND: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the clinical syndrome of all kinds of heart disease on the serious or final stage. About half of patients with organic heart disease will have heart failure that has a high incidence rate and mortality. The survival of heart failure was inferior to that of malignant tumor.OBJECTIVE: To confirm the clinical effect of Lujiao prescription on CHF and elucidate its possible mechanism.DESIGN: A control observation on CHF patients.SETTING: Department of Cardiovasology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 60 patients with CHF were selected from the department of cardiovasology in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1996 to December 1998. There were 31 male and 29 female. Included criteria: ①All of patients were consistent with Framinham diagnostic criteria. ② Above Ⅲ degree by New York Heart Association(NYHA). ③ Three months case history. ④Accept quantity sufficient diuretic and vasodilating agent (exclude angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ). ⑤ Left ventricle hypertrophy was proved by echocardiogram or chest X-ray. ⑥ Differentiation of symptoms and signs of Traditional Chinese Medicine refers to asthenia syndrome of differentiation of symptoms and signs of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1986, Researching Association of Chinese integrated medicine) General state of health and basic disease of the patients in the two groups were not significant deviation.METHODS: 60 patient s of CHF were randomly divided into Lujiao prescription group(n=40) and Digoxin group (n=20) at the rate of 2:1. Lujiao prescription group: Orally liquid decoction of Lujiao Prescription 35 mL (1 mL contain crude drug 1.6 g) Bid. po. Course of treatment: 4 weeks. Digoxin group: Digoxin tablet, 0.125-0.25 mg, qd. po. course of treatment: 4 weeks.After 4-week treatment, the patients' clinical effect, integrals of the symptoms of renal deficiency, classification of function capacity of the NYHA,Lee's heart failure score, heart rate(HR), myocardium oxygen consumption (MOC), proportion of heart to chest, echocardiogram, measurement of plasma angitention Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) and plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The total clinic effective rate. ②Integrals of the symptoms of renal deficiency. ③ Classification of function capacity of the NYHA. ④ Lee's heart failure score. ⑤HR and MOC. ⑥The proportion of heart to chest. ⑦ Ejection fraction(EF), cardic output (CO), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), posterior wall thickness (PWT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) through echocardiogram. ⑧The measurement of plasma Ang Ⅱ and plasma ANF.RESULTS:Totauy 60 patients entered the final analysis. ① The total clinical effective rate of the Lujiao prescription group was 90 %, which showed no significant difference from the Digoxin group (90 %, P ＞ 0.05).② Improvement was significantly observed in the integrals of the symptom of renal deficiency of the patients in the Lujiao prescription group after treatment (P ＜ 0.01), but which was not significant in the Digoxin group(P＞ 0.05). ③ It was found that classification of functional capacity of NYHA between Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.01). ④ Lee's heart failure score of patients in Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was decreased (P ＜ 0.01). ⑤Myocardium oxygen consumption and HR of the patients in the Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was decreased (P ＜ 0.01). ⑥ The proportion of heart to chest between Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was decreased (P ＜ 0.01).⑦ EF and CO were increased by Lujiao prescription and by Digoxin (P＜ 0.01,vs pretreatment, respectively). IVST, PWT, LVMI of Lujiao prescription group after treatment were obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.01), while those of the Digoxin group were not obviously decreased (P ＞ 0.05). ⑧ Thlevel of plasma Ang Ⅱ of the patients in the Lujiao prescription group after treatment were obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.01), while that of the Digoxin group were not obviously decreased (P ＞ 0.05). The level of plasma ANF was decreased by Lujiao prescription and by digoxin(P ＜ 0.01, vs pretreatment, respectively).CONCLUSION: There is increasing cardiac constriction power and regressing left ventricular hypertrophy of patients with CHF by Lujiao prescription. The therapeutical effect of Lujiao prescription for CHF is better than that of Digoxin. The effect may be related to the regulation of circular or local endocrine(plasma Ang Ⅱ and ANF) disorder.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important ring-joint of congestive heart failure (CHF). It is also considered to be independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, so how to reverse or relieve LVH is valuable to cure CHF.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Lujiao prescription on degree of LVH in patients with CHF.DESIGN: A random-control observation on CHF patients.SETTING: Department of Cardiovasology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 20 patients with CHF were selected from the Special Clinic and Department of Cardiovasology in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1996 to December 1998. All of them were consistent with the Framirham diagnostic criteria and following standardizations: ①above Ⅲ degree of cardiac functional grading by New York Heart Association (NYHA);②over 3 months case history;③accepted basic treatment of quantity sufficient diuretic and vasodilating agent excluding angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI);LVH was proved by echocardiogram or chest X-ray. They were informed of treatment items and consented.METHODS: According to random lot, the patients were divided into Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group, each containing 10 patients.①Oral administrations of Lujiao prescription (35 mL, two times per day, produced by Shanghai Shuguang Hospital) and Digoxin (0.125-0.25 mg per tablet, batch number: 970757, once daily) were given in the corresponding groups, and the treatment duration was 3 months. After treatment, all the patients were detected in①NYHA cardiac functional grading; ②interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and posterior wall thickness (PWT) in diastolic phase through echocardiogram, myocardium weight of left ventricular by Devereux formula, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) corrected by bodysurface area, and degree of LVH;③the level of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) by radioactive immunoassay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NYHA cardiac functional grading, e-chocardiogram (IVST, PWT, LVMI, degree of LVH), the level of plasma Ang Ⅱ.RFSULTS: All 20 adopted patients entered the result analysis.①The classification of NYHA cardiac functional grading ( Ⅰ , Ⅱ ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were respectively 2, 5, 3, 0 case in Lujiao prescription group and 2, 4, 4, 0 case in Digoxin group after treatment, and difference was significant compared with those before treatment (0, 0, 7, 3, P ＜ 0.05).②IVST, PWT and LVMI of Lujiao prescription group were obviously decreased after treatment [(11.20±0.42), (12.10±0.32) mm, P ＜ 0.01; (10.60±0.84), (11.40±1.10) mm,P ＜ 0.01; (139.4±12.4), (155.3±15.4) g/m2, P ＜ 0.01], while those of the Digoxin group were untouched (P ＞ 0.05). The degree of LVH of Lujiao prescription group after treatment was obviously decreased [normal, mild,moderate, sever: 2, 6, 2, 0; 0, 3, 4, 3, P ＜ 0.01], while that of the Digoxin group was not obviously decreased (P ＞ 0.05).③)The level of plasma Ang Ⅱin the Lujiao prescription group was obviously decreased [(97.7±19.5),(144.0±18.5) ng/L, P ＜ 0.01], while that of the Digoxin group was not obviously increased (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Lujiao prescription can reverse or relieve the degree of LVH in patients with CHF.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang on endurance to ischemia and hypoxia .Methods Mice were randomized into four groups :control group ,positive drug control group ,Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose group (0 .93 g/kg) ,and Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang low‐dose group (0 .465 g/kg) . All mice were treated with corresponding drugs for 7 days .The hypoxia mice model was established through hypoxia in the closed jars , cerebral anoxia by decapitation , poisoning with sodium nitrite and isoprenaline . Then the hypoxia‐ischemia rat model was established by injecting isoproterenol . The anti‐hypoxic effects were observed . Results Compared with control group ,Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose group (0 .93 g/kg) had a tendency to extend the survival time of mice model established through hypoxia in the closed jars ;Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose (0 .93 g/kg) and low‐dose (0 .465 g/kg) groups had a tendency to extend the survival time of mice model established through cerebral anoxia by decapitation (P>0 .05) .Compared with that in control group ,the survival time of mice in Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang low‐dose group under poisoning with sodium nitrite and Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose group under poisoning with isoprenaline were significantly prolonged .Besides ,Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang relieved myocardial tissue damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia ( P< 0 .05 ) .Conclusion Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang has an obviously protective effect on isoprenaline‐induced hypoxia and myocardial ischemia .