OBJECTIVE:To promote rational drug use in rural areas of China.METHODS:Problems existed in practical rural rational drug use were analyzed by consulting the related recent literature on researches of rational drug use.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The current situation of rational use of drugs in rural areas of China is still far from optimistic even though multi-researches about rational drug use have been launched and some achievements have been made.Strategies and measures concerning rational drug use have to be further explored and generalized;theories about rational drug use must be improved and the practice of rational drug use should be directed.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease.As the most common type of senile dementia disease,AD has no effective methods for early diagnoses.AD is characterized by the deposition of intracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain.In addition to allomnesia and cognitive disorder,ocular manifestation such as cataracts exists in AD patients.Studies have shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) is deposited not only in the brain but also in crystalline lens.For its structure and special location,crystalline len is more accessible for imaging than the brain,which can provide a simple,convenient and early diagnosis method for AD.Hence,it is worth investigating the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cataracts.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)management in basic level private medical institutions.Methods 118 basic level private medical institutions in a district of Chengdu were investigated through visiting and questionnaire.Results Of 118 medical institutions,only 2 had HAI manage-ment personnel,4 had HAI management system.22.03% had hand washing facilities in therapeutic rooms and con-sulting rooms,37.29% of institutions stored aseptic items in accordance with the requirements,55.93% of institu-tions disposed medical waste at disposal center;99.15% handled reusable items by users.Conclusion HAI manage-ment status is worried,health administrative department should strengthen support and supervision,especially in-tensified the supervision of private dental clinics.

Objective To investigate the relationship between different behavior types with classification of TCM and emotional disturbance in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods Two hundred and forty-two CAD patients were investigated and grouped to A or B type behavior with type A behavior pattern questionnaire (TABPQ) and symptom check-list 90 (SCL-90). To analysis the emotional disturbance in two groups and investigate their relations with syndrome classification of TCM. Results SCL-90 factor score of anxiety and depression in CAD patients was obviously higher than Chinese norm. Factor score of depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid and psychotic state in A-type behavior group was obviously higher than that in B-type group, with statistical significance (P

Objective To investigate wheter epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could prevent the information of abrant crypt loci (ACF) induced by isoquinoline (IQ)and its possible mechanisms. Methods Sixty male BALB/cA nude immunological deficit mice were divided into five groups. Except control group, the other four groups were received IQ to induce ACF. The rats in low, medium and high dose groups were received 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of EGCG,respectively. The mice were sacrificed six weeks later. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and 0.2% methylene blue staining were used to observe the routine histology and ACF, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect Nrf2 protein level and RT-PCR was used to detect Nrf2 and UGT1A10 mRNA levels in colon tissue. Results The body weights of model group decreased significantly compared to high-dose group (21.70±0.13 vs. 24.37±0.07, P<0.01). Compared to model group, the degree of atypical hyperplasia and even canceration of colon mucus and the number of total ACF and total AC in high-dose group were decreased significantly (18.00±7.51 vs. 64.20±45.18, P<0.05;63.90±18.58 vs. 168. 80±35.34, P<0.01). The protein level of Nrf2 increased (0.3114±0.0037 vs. 0.1660±0.0021, P<0.01). The mRNA levels of Nrf2 and UGT1A10 in high-dose group was increased (both P value<0.01). Conclusions EGCG has protective effect on IQ induced preneoplastic lesions through reducing the number of ACF. This effect may be caused partly through the signal pathway Nrf2-UGT1A10.

The postoperative recurrence rate of gastrointestinal cancer is high. The therapeutic effect of traditional chemotherapy is not satisfactory, such as chemotherapy through vein and intestine perfusion and so on, and the side effects are obvious. In recent years, researchers in and abroad have begun to study the effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Whether early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy affect the healing of anastomotic stoma is still controversial. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with medicine can achieve a better therapeutic effect. This article reviewed current issues of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, espe-cially its validity and safety.

Objective To investigate the influence of renal allograft donor cytokine and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms on acute rejection after renal transplantation.Methods (1) 126 cases of cadaveric renal allograft recipients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of acute graft rejection.The distribution of 22 polymorphisms in 13 cytokine genes and production types of some cytokines were compared between donors of two groups as well as latent factors affecting acute rejection.(2) Based on the result of HLA-DR matching,all recipients were stratified into two conditions:0～1 locus HLA-DR mismatched and HLA-DR completely mismatched.Previous positive gene polymorphisms were compared between rejection group and no rejection group under two conditions.Results (1) Compared with no rejection group,the number of HLA-DR mismatched was significantly higher in rejection group.In the donors of rejection group,the genotype frequency of IL-1α-889 C/C,IL-1Rα msp I 11100 T/T,IL-4Rα+ 1902 A/A,TGF-β1 codon 10 C/C,IL-10-1082 A/A and lower production type frequency of IL-10 were significantly higher,whereas the genotype frequency of IL-12-1188 A/A,IL-2-330 G/G and IL-10 GCC/ATA was significantly lower.(2) With 0～1 locus HLA-DR mismatched,the genotype frequency of IL-1Rα msp I 11100 T/T,IL-4Raα+1902 A/A,IL-2-330 G/G,TGF-β1 codon 10 C/C and lower production type frequency of IL-10 showed significant difference between two groups,whereas with HLA-DR completely mismatched,the genotype frequency of IL-12-1188 A/A had significant difference.Conclusions This study verifies renal allograft donor genotype of IL-1α-889 C/C,IL-4Rα+ 1902 A/A,IL-1Ra msp I 11100 T/T,TGF-β1 codon 10 C/C,IL-10-1082 A/A and lower production type of IL-10 gene as the genetic safe factors for the development of acute allograft rejection and genotype of IL-12-1188 A/A and IL-2-330G/G as the major genetic risk factors for acute rejection after kidney transplantation Furthermore,the condition of HLA-DR mismatching might interfere with the action of these cytokine and cytokine receptor polymorphisms.

Objective:To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in colorectal carcinoma tissues,and understand its clinical significance.Methods:The immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of COX-2 in the 43 tissues of colorectal cancer and 14 tissues of normal mocusa.Results:Positive expression of COX-2 was detected in 83.72% of colorectal cancerous tissues and in 14.29% of normal tissues and there was significant difference in expression of COX-2 between cancer tissues and normal tissues(P0.05).Conclusion:COX-2 was overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma.COX-2 maybe play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To study the method of isolating and culturing stem cells from rat adipose tissue and to determine if adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)harvest from rat could differentiate into osteogenic and chondrogenic in vitro.Methods ADSCs were isolated from rat inguinal fat pads after extensive washing with phosphate-derived saline and digesting with collagenase.After primary culture in control medium and expanded to two passages,the cells were incubated in either an osteogenic medium or an chondrogenic medium for 2-4 weeks to induce osteogenesis and chondrogenesis,respectively.Evidences of Osteogenic differentiation,were detected by a ALP solution,and while chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed using the histologic Alcian blue staining at acidic pH.Expressions of osteocyte and chondrocyte specific genes were confirmed by RT-PCR.Results ADSCs can be isolated from rat adipose tissue and,expanded rapidly.It exhibited a heterogeneous population of fibroblast like cells morphologically.ADSCs induced to osteogenesis were stained positively for alkaline phosphatase activity after 2 weeks and formed mineralized nodular structures,as conformed by Von kossa staining.Expression of osteocyte specific genes,such as ALP,osteopontin,osteocalcin,was detected.ALP and osteopontin,were expressed constitutively in osteogenic medium after 2 and 4 weeks of culture.Expression of osteocalcin,was induced by osteogenic growth factors at 4 weeks.Induced to chondrogenesis cells were positive of Alcian blue staining under acidic conditions and expression of aggrecan and typeⅡ/Ⅹ collagen genes.Aggrecan and typeⅡcollagen genes were abundant after 2 weeks in chondrogenic medium.TypeⅩ collagen gene was detected at 4 weeks.Conclusion Adipose-derived stem cells can be isolated from rat adipose tissue.Their biological characteristics are similar with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),and have the potential to differentiate into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage.It may be an idea source of ADSCs for tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the expression of of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in human gastric carcinoma and to identify the significance of COX2 expression. Methods COX-2 protein expressions were deteced in 12 nomal gastric mucosa and 40 gastric carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of COX-2 in gastric carcinoma tissues(87.5%) was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa(25.0%)(P