The article introduces a set of efficient English teaching methods through continuous practice and reform.The methods are based on the characteristics of the foreign students.It includes choosing the book in English and compiling English-Chinese bilingualism textbook,question-based and quiz-based teaching in class and reviewing after class and so on.The methods have shown good effects in raising quality of teaching to the international students.At the same time there are some problems in the Lemology teaching.

To study the role of the reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) gene and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the regulation of trophoblast invasion of early pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and gelatin zymography were used to detect the RECK protein expression localization, expression level and MMP-2 activation level in the placental tissues harvested from 52 normal pregnant women (27 in the early pregnancy, 25 in the term pregnancy). Immunohistochemistry showed that RECK expression was found both in villous tissues of early pregnancy group and term pregnancy group and was mainly observed in cell membrane and cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts and syneytiotrophoblasts. RECK expression increased with gestational time. RECK expression of early pregnancy group was significantly lower than that of term pregnancy group (P<0.05). RECK expression was significantly lower in cellular column (CC) with invasion ability. Western blot showed that the RECK protein expression in early pregnancy group was significantly lower than that in term pregnancy (P<0.05). The optical density values of RECK protein expression in early pregnancy group and term pregnancy group were 1.35-0.14 and 2.68+/-0.26, respectively, while MMP-2 activation ratio was contrary to RECK protein expression and decreased with the gestation time (P<0.01). The MMP-2 activation ratios of early pregnancy group and term pregnancy group were 0.46 +/- 0.05 and 0.10+/-0.02, respectively. The expression of the tumor inhibitory gene RECK was positively related with the invasion ability of trophoblasts, while the invasion gene MMP-2 was negatively related with the ability. The interaction between RECK and MMP-2 may play an important role in the regulation of the trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common neuropathy. Pathology and electrophysiology are important for early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. This article would review the newest progress of the pathology and electrophysiology of diabetic neuropathy.

Objective To investigate a method for postmortem diagnosis of the sudden death from hypersensitivity by detection of serum tryptase and IgE.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 9 cases of sudden death from hypersensitivity,19 cases of death from other causes and 10 health living adult individuals.The serum levels of the mast cell tryptase(MCT)and IgE were detected with immunofluorescent enzyme assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)respectively.MCT in the lungs was detected by immunohistochemistical method.Results The serum level of both MCT and IgE in cases of sudden death from hypersensitivity were higher than those in health living adults and cases of death from other causes(P﹤0.01).However,there was significant difference(P﹥0.05)in the serum level of IgE and MCT between the health living individuals and cases of death from other cause.More cells containing MCT-positive granules were detected in the lung in cases of sudden death from hypersensitivity than in cases of death from other causes(P

Objective To investigate the safety of different intensity anticoagulation therapy of warfarin in preventing thromboembolism in octogenarian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods The 130 patients with persistent or permanent NVAF were randomly divided into three groups: low-intensity warfarin group (35 cases, international normalized ratio, INR (1.5-2.0), moderate-intensity warfarin group (32 cases, INR 2.1-2.5) and aspirin control group (63 cases). The rate of hemorrhagic events and the effect on renal function were observed. Results The incidence of hemorrhage was the lowest in low-intensity warfarin group compared to the other groups with slight bleeding in one case. life-threatening bleeding in one case, severe bleeding in one case and slight bleeding in four cases occurred in moderate-intensity warfarin group. Life-threatening bleeding in three cases, severe bleeding in two cases and slight bleeding in six cases occurred in aspirin control group. There were significant differences in bleeding incidence among the three groups (χ2=5.13,P＜0.05). The low-intensity warfarin group and moderate-intensity warfarin group were superior to the aspirin control group in the effect on renal function (P＜0.05). Conclusions It is safe that the dose of warfarin is maintained at low anticoagulation intensity between INR 1.5 and 2.0 in octogenarians with NVAF.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the applicection value of ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture and drainage of gallbladder (PPDG) in treating elderly patients with acute cholecystitis.MethodsThe clinical data of 59 elderly patients with acute cholecystitis treated by ultrasonically guided PPDG were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 37 patients treated by cholecystectomy or 13 cases by cholecystostomy.ResultsThe rates of complication and fatality and average hospital days were 32.4 ％ (12/37),5.4 ％ (2/37) and (25.4 ± 16.5 ) d in patients by cholecystectomy and 7.7％(1/13),7.7％(1/13) and (32.0± 12.5) d in patients by cholecystostomy,respectively,while the complication and mortality were not found in patients by ultrasonic ally guided PPDG with average hospitalization of(19.5 ±9.8)d. The rates of the complication and average hospital days were significantly higher in patients by cholecystectomy and cholecystostomy than in patients by ultrasonically guided PPDG (P＜0.05).ConclusionsUltrasonically guided PPDG is effective,safe and convenient for the treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)on expressions of tumon necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and inter leukin-6(IL-6) in rats after focal cerebral ischemia and to explore its neuroprotective mechanism.Methods A total of 36 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=12),model group (n=12) and rhEPO treatment group (n=12).The suture method to make permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model was adopted.rhEPO treatment group was injected with rhEPO 5000 U/kg intraperitoneally after 2 h of ischemia,whereas model group and sham-operated group were given identical saline at the same time.All rats were decapitated after 24 h of ischemia.6 rats were randomly selected in each group and the infarct volume of groups were measured by Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC)staining method.The expressions of TNF-α,IL-6 in other rats were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results No infarction was found in sham-operated group.Percentage of infarct volume in model group and rhEPO group were (36.672.40)％ and (27.49± 1.47)％,respectively.Compared with the model group,the volume of infarction in rhEPO group was significantly reduced.Cells stained by immunohistochemistry showed that The numbers of TNF-α-positive cells in the 3 groups were 9.001.41,27.83±2.48,17.50±1.87 and IL 6 positive cells were 8.94±2.31,20.33±3.53,14.83±1.70,respectively.Compared with sham operated group,the expressions of TNF-α and IL 6 in model group were significantly increased (q=16.1,19.6,P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the expressions of TNF α and IL-6 in rhEPO group were significantly decreased (q=8.19,3.44,all P＜0.01).Conclusions rhEPO can decrease the infarct volume in SD rats after acute focal cerebral ischemic injure.rhEPO might exert its neuroprotective effect by reducing the expressions of TNF α and IL-6.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) usually occurs during normal pregnancy or a few days after delivery. The gold standard of diagnosis is the reversibility of cerebral vascular constriction confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In this article, we descried the clinical and imaging features of one RCVS case proved by repeating DSA, and discussed the probably pathophysiological mechanisms.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and imageological features of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome(RPLS) during gestation period.MethodsClinical and imageological data of 4 pregnant women with RPLS were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsHeadache, seizure, confusion and visual loss were the mainly clinical manifestations. At MR imaging, the brain typically demonstrated focal regions of symmetric hemispheric edema which may disappear in several weeks. The parietal and occipital lobes were most commonly affected, followed by the frontal lobe cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Three of the four patients suffered eclampsia which happened in two days after delivery.ConclusionThere are distinctively clinical features in posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome during gestation period. Most of them are invovled in patients with eclampsia.

Objective To investigate the nutritional risks, undernutrition, and nutritional support among inpatients in tertiary hospitals in Tianjin using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002). Methods Inpatients in six departments in two tertiary hospitals in Tianjin (Tianjin Nankai Hospital and Tianjin Chest Hospital ) were consecutively enrolled from March 2005 to March 2006. Their nutritional risks were screened using NRS 2002, and the nutritional support was investigated. Results A total of 1200 inpatients received nutritional screening, and 93.0% of them underwent NRS 2002 scoring. The prevalence of undernutrition was 9. 8% and the prevalence of nutritional risk was 42. 8%. Of these patients, 241 patients (46.4%) with NRS2002≥3 received nutrition support, and 244 patients (35.9%) with NRS2002 ＜3 received nutritional support Conclusions NRS2002 is suitable for nutritional risk screening among inpatients. Inpatients usually have nutritional risks or undernutrition. However, physicians at different levels in different regions have different awareness of such risks or conditions, and the clinical application of nutritional supports sometimes are inappropriate.