Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

The core pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） lies in deficiency， stasis and stagnation. Deficiency arises from kidney essence depletion and spleen dysfunction in transportation and transformation， leading to inadequate nourishment of the marrow sea. Stasis caused by qi deficiency leads to obstruction in channels and collaterals， resulting in obstructed marrow transport. Stagnation is associated with the excess of the five minds transforming into fire， which scorches the brain orifices and leads to loss of control over marrow utilisation. Based on this， a "supplementation-unblocking-regulation" therapeutic approach is proposed. For deficiency， the focus is on supplementing kidney and fortifying spleen， and replenishing the marrow sea. For stasis， the priority is to unblock and open the orifices， and clear the marrow channels. For stagnation， the core is to clear fire and contain the mind， regulate and restore vital activity. In clinical practice， it is necessary to identify the primary and secondary pathogenic mechanisms and apply dynamic， combined treatment， integrating Chinese herbal medicine， acupuncture， and guiding exercises throughout the process， aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD with traditional Chinese medical.

Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the influencing factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese children, so as to provide the evidence for risk prediction and intervention of ASD. Methods: The publications pertaining to the influencing factors for ASD in Chinese children were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Embase database from inception to August 2024. A meta-analysis was performed using R package version 4.4.1. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the "leave-one-out" evaluation procedure. Publication bias was assessed using Egger regression test. Results: A total of 38 high-quality articles out of 9 015 articles were finally included, covering 149 607 individuals, with 5 974 cases of ASD. The meta-analysis showed that demographic factors including family history of related diseases (OR=14.958), maternal age of ≥35 years (OR=2.287) and parental history of hazardous occupations (OR=3.511); pregnancy-related factors including history of abortion (OR=5.832), no folate supplementation before and during pregnancy (OR=4.566), tobacco exposure before and during pregnancy (OR=2.596), history of other adverse exposures before and during pregnancy (OR=3.533), history of infectious diseases during pregnancy (OR=3.753), history of non-infectious diseases during pregnancy (OR=2.563), psychological problems during pregnancy (OR=3.864), history of medication during pregnancy (OR=6.651), adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy (OR=3.754), severe pregnancy reactions (OR=5.082), abnormal perinatal period (OR=2.987), cesarean delivery (OR=1.659), other perinatal adverse factors (OR=3.856), history of neonatal asphyxia (OR=2.792) and neonatal jaundice (OR=3.687); parenting factors including non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.510), early/excessive screen exposure (OR=3.589) and feeding problems (OR=3.113); and individual factors including being male (OR=3.333) and history of convulsions/epilepsy (OR=7.035) were influencing factors for ASD in Chinese children. Conclusions The prevalence of ASD in Chinese children is primarily associated with 23 influencing factors, including family history of related diseases, history of abortion, no folate supplementation before and during pregnancy, medication during pregnancy, early/excessive screen exposure and history of convulsions/epilepsy.

Spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome is currently the most prevalent TCM pattern in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), with internal damp-heat accumulation regarded as a key factor contributing to its prolonged and refractory course. This syndrome represents a critical stage in the progressive pathogenesis of CAG, characterized by a deepening pathological evolution. Modern TCM practitioners generally agree that its core pathogenesis lies in "deficiency in root and excess in superficiality, with internal damp-heat retention", and emphasize a treatment strategy that combines eliminating pathogenic factors and reinforcing the body's healthy qi through dynamic syndrome differentiation. Chinese materia medica used in treating CAG with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve the internal damp-heat environment, mitigate gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, and delay the inflammation-to-cancer transformation. Its mechanisms may involve eradication of Helicobacter pylori, repair of gastric mucosal injury, regulation of immune inflammatory response and other aspects, which has the advantages of multi-channel and multi-target.

Objective:To analyze the clinical effects of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tunnel locator applied in the arthroscopic reduction and fixation of Schatzker type Ⅳ tibial plateau fracture plus posterolateral column collapse.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 12 patients with Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture combined with posterolateral column collapse who had undergone arthroscopic reduction and fixation assisted by an ACL locator at Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Yunnan University from January 2020 to December 2022. There were 8 males and 4 females with an age of (44.5±6.4) years (set as an observation group). According to a 1∶1 ratio, another contemporary 12 patients of the same category were selected as a control group who had been treated by double-plate-screw fixation through internal and external double incisions. They were 7 males and 5 females with an age of (42.6±6.3) years. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. At the same time, the Rasmussen radiological and functional scores at 1, 3, and 12 months after operation were recorded for intergroup and intragroup comparisons.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing the 2 groups were comparable ( P>0.05). All the 24 patients were followed up for (18.2±3.5) months after operation. In the observation group, the operation time [(96.3±6.3) min], incision length [(8.5±0.6) cm], and postoperative hospital stay [(8.1±1.3) d] were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(128.2±7.5) min, (15.9±0.8) cm, and (9.3±1.2) d], and the intraoperative blood loss [50.0 (41.5, 59.0) mL] was significantly less than that in the control group [135.0 (121.5, 147.5) mL] (all P<0.05). However, intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in Rasmussen radiographic scores or functional scores at 1 month, 3 months, or 12 months postoperatively between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in postoperative complications between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the arthroscopic reduction and fixation of Schatzker type Ⅳ tibial plateau fracture plus posterolateral column collapse, compared with the traditional double-plate-screw fixation through double incisions, assistance of an ACL tunnel locator leads to advantages of being more minimally invasive and more surgically efficient. However, the 2 techniques lead to comparable postoperative functional recovery.

Objective To explore the application of cell block(CB)technology in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods A total of 86 patients with thyroid nodules who were treated at Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from February 2023 to December 2024 were retrospectively selected.Before the operation,all patients underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.After the biopsy,the specimens were respectively subjected to cell smear(CS)and CB pathological examinations.Using postoperative pathology as the gold standard,the clinical application value of CS,CB,BRAFV600E gene detection,and combined detection in the preoperative diagnosis of PTC was evaluated.Results A total of 86 patients were included.Among them,42 cases were diagnosed as PTC by postoperative pathology,and 44 cases were benign lesions.The sensitivity(73.81％),specificity(97.73％),positive predictive value(96.88％),negative predictive value(79.63％),and accuracy(86.05％)of CB in the preoperative diagnosis of PTC were significantly higher than those of CS.The Kappa consistency test results showed that the consistency between CB pathological results and postoperative pathological results was better than that of CS.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of CB was significantly higher than that of CS(0.858 vs.0.743,Z=2.391,P=0.017).Furthermore,the combination of CB and BRAFV600E gene detection further improved preoperative diagnostic performance,with a consistency with postoperative pathological results(Kappa=0.837)superior to other examination methods,and an AUC(0.918)significantly higher than other examination methods.Conclusion CB has significant clinical application value in the preoperative diagnosis of PTC,with diagnostic performance significantly superior to CS.Further combination with BRAFV600E gene detection can significantly improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and diagnostic characteristics of maternal cardiac arrest(MCA)patients,summarize warning symptoms,and provide a basis for the prevention,early identification,and intervention of this event.Methods A retrospective study was conducted.Clinical data of 15 pregnant or postpartum women who experienced cardiac arrest or were transferred to Peking University Third Hospital due to cardiac arrest from January 2012 to December 2023 were collected,including age,comorbidities,causes of MCA,warning symptoms,parameters related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR,such as time and location of cardiac arrest,initial heart rhythm,electrical defibrillation,medication use,duration of CPR,restoration of spontaneous circulation,and etc.),parameters related to perimortem cesarean delivery(time interval between fetal delivery and cardiac arrest,delivery of infants),clinical outcomes(such as cerebral performance category,length of hospital stay),and multidisciplinary treatment.The main clinical endpoint was patient survival at discharge.The clinical and diagnostic characteristics of MCA were descriptively analyzed,and compare the differences in age,duration of CPR,shockable rhythm,proportion of patients with cardiac arrest occurring prenatally,and length of hospital stay among patients with different prognoses of MCA.Results The median age of 15 MCA patients was 31(30,33)years.A total of 10 cases(66.7%)of patients had concurrent obstetric diseases.Six cases(40.0%)of patients had MCA due to postpartum hemorrhage,which was the most common cause,followed by acute heart failure[2 cases(13.3%)]and pulmonary embolism[2 cases(13.3%)].A total of 12 cases(80.0%)of MCA patients showed obvious warning symptoms before cardiac arrest,with the most common warning symptoms including dyspnea(3 cases,20.0%),consciousness disorders(3 cases,20.0%),and vaginal bleeding(3 cases,20.0%).A total of 12 cases(80.0%)of MCA occurred in late pregnancy.All 15 MCA events occurred within the hospital,with an average of 5(4-6)departments involved in the CPR process.Four patients(26.7%)had an initial heart rhythm of ventricular fibrillation and all received defibrillation therapy,9 patients(75.0%)were treated with adrenaline.Two patients who were over 20 weeks pregnant underwent manual left uterine thrusting intervention during CPR,and both patients were successfully discharged.A total of 12 patients(80.0%)received CPR,of which 7 patients(58.3%)were discharged with good neurological function.A total of 11 patients underwent cesarean section surgery,and the survival rate of fetuses delivered by cesarean section was 83.3%.The duration of CPR in survivors was significantly shorter than that in deceased patients[minutes:7.0(2.0,23.3)vs.144.0(90.0,190.5),P<0.05].Conclusion Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of MCA,and after active treatment,over 50%of patients can achieve good neurological function and be discharged.Comprehensive and effective CPR,strengthened coordination among multidisciplinary teams,and early identification and warning of symptoms are key strategies for improving the prognosis of MCA patients.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Shugan Zhixie Prescription in treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)using network pharmacology;To validate the findings through in vivo experiments.Methods Active components and potential targets of Shugan Zhixie Prescription were identified via the TCMSP database.Disease targets for IBS-D were retrieved from GeneCards,DisGeNET and OMIM databases.The intersection of drugs and disease targets was taken,and the protein interaction network was constructed by using STRING database.GO and KEGG pathways were enriched to identify the key signaling pathways of Shugan Zhixie Prescription in the treatment of IBS-D.The rat model of liver depression and spleen deficiency type IBS-D was established by the method of abnormal hunger and satiety,restraint pinch stress and intestinal perfusion of acetic acid.The rats were intervened with low-,medium-and high-dosage of Shugan Zhixie Prescription respectively for 14 days.Serum contents of diamine oxidase(DAO),interleukin(IL)-8,and IL-18 were measured by ELISA.Protein expressions and mRNA expressions of relevant targets in colonic tissue were detected using Western blot and RT-qPCR.Results A total of 26 active components and 553 targets of Shugan Zhixie Prescription were obtained,and 1 930 targets of IBS-D disease were obtained,with 184 drug-disease intersection targets.The possible mechanism was related to NF-κB,AGE-RAGE,Th17 cell differentiation and other signaling pathways.Animal experiments demonstrated that Shugan Zhixie Prescription could significantly reduce defecation frequency,fecal water content,and inflammatory cytokine levels in model rats.It markedly decreased TLR4 and NF-κB protein expressions(P<0.01),while increased AQP3,AQP8 and Occludin protein expressions in colonic tissue(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Shugan Zhixie Prescription exerts therapeutic effects on IBS-D through multiple pathways and targets,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and promoting intestinal barrier repair.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Shugan Zhixie Prescription in treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)using network pharmacology;To validate the findings through in vivo experiments.Methods Active components and potential targets of Shugan Zhixie Prescription were identified via the TCMSP database.Disease targets for IBS-D were retrieved from GeneCards,DisGeNET and OMIM databases.The intersection of drugs and disease targets was taken,and the protein interaction network was constructed by using STRING database.GO and KEGG pathways were enriched to identify the key signaling pathways of Shugan Zhixie Prescription in the treatment of IBS-D.The rat model of liver depression and spleen deficiency type IBS-D was established by the method of abnormal hunger and satiety,restraint pinch stress and intestinal perfusion of acetic acid.The rats were intervened with low-,medium-and high-dosage of Shugan Zhixie Prescription respectively for 14 days.Serum contents of diamine oxidase(DAO),interleukin(IL)-8,and IL-18 were measured by ELISA.Protein expressions and mRNA expressions of relevant targets in colonic tissue were detected using Western blot and RT-qPCR.Results A total of 26 active components and 553 targets of Shugan Zhixie Prescription were obtained,and 1 930 targets of IBS-D disease were obtained,with 184 drug-disease intersection targets.The possible mechanism was related to NF-κB,AGE-RAGE,Th17 cell differentiation and other signaling pathways.Animal experiments demonstrated that Shugan Zhixie Prescription could significantly reduce defecation frequency,fecal water content,and inflammatory cytokine levels in model rats.It markedly decreased TLR4 and NF-κB protein expressions(P<0.01),while increased AQP3,AQP8 and Occludin protein expressions in colonic tissue(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Shugan Zhixie Prescription exerts therapeutic effects on IBS-D through multiple pathways and targets,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and promoting intestinal barrier repair.