BACKGROUND:Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have been widely used in MRI. It is vital to prepare the superparamagnetic MRI contrast agent with high stability, biocompatibility and tumor targeting in order to prevent the aggregation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs and realize the high-precision diagnose of tumor. OBJECTIVE:To prepare the amphiphilic superparamagnetic composite particles with tumor targeting mediated by folate receptor. METHODS:The stable amphiphilic superparamagnetic composite particles with tumor targeting function were prepared by coating the Fe3O4 NPs with a Pluronic F127-folic acid conjugate, which was synthesized via an esterification reaction between the carboxyl group of the tumor targeting molecule, folic acid and the hydroxyl group of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, Pluronic F127. The resultant Pluronic F127-folic acid-Fe3O4 composite particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared-spectra, UV-vis absorption spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer and T2-weighted imaging. WST assay was used to characterize their cytotoxicity preliminarily. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Pluronic F127-folic acid conjugates were prepared via esterification reaction. Then Fe 3 O 4 NPs were wrapped with Pluronic F127-folic acid to result in the superparamagnetic composite particles with wel dispersion and biocompatibility. The size of most superparamagnetic composite particles was less than 200 nm and the size of Fe 3 O 4 core was 10-20 nm from the observation of transmission electron microscopy. The results from the Fourier transform infrared-spectra and UV-vis absorption spectroscop confirmed that folic acid molecules were modified on the surface of the superparamagnetic composite particles successful y. The mass ratio of Pluronic F127-folic acid conjugate was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis as 27.2 wt%in the resultant Pluronic F127-folic acid-Fe 3 O 4 composite particles. The saturated magnetic intensity of the superparamagnetic composite particles was 47.35 emu/g by vibrating sample magnetometer and the relaxation rate was 0.025×106 mol/s from MRI. The WST assay showed the negligible cellcytotoxicity of Pluronic F127-folic acid-Fe3O4. The superparamagnetic composite particles have potential application as the MRI contrast agents with tumor targeting, and the Pluronic F127-folic acid-Fe 3 O 4 composite particles is expected to be used as a MRI contrast agent for tumor targeting.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the composition changes of Aurantii fructus before and after fermentation processing and optimize its fermentation processing technology. METHODS:UPLC was conducted to compare the raw and fermentation processed products of same batch of Aurantii fructus,and ensure the chromatographic peaks after fermentation processing. Using peak areas of 4 chromatographic peaks and mildew characteristics of samples as index,fermentation temperature,humidity and time as factor, L9(34)orthogonal test was designed to optimize the fermentation processing technology,and verified it. RESULTS:After fermenta-tion processing,Aurantii fructus obviously showed 2 new monosaccharide glycosides components;the optimized fermentation tech-nology was as follows as fermentation temperature of 30 ℃,humidity of 70% and time of 7 d;verification test results showed RSD of each indicator of decoction pieces prepared by optimized fermentation technology in 3 tests were lower than 2.0%(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Fermentation processing may lead obvious chemical composition changes in Aurantii fructus;the optimized fer-mentation processing technology can increase the contents of characteristic peaks.

OBJECTIVETo construct a three-dimensional finite element model of the upper airway and adjacent structure of an obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patient for biomechanical analysis. And to study the influence of glossopharyngeum of an OSAHS patient with three-dimensional finite element model during titrated mandible advancement.

METHODSDICOM format image information of an OSAHS patient's upper airway was obtained by thin-section CT scanning and digital image processing were utilized to construct a three-dimensional finite element model by Mimics 10.0, Imageware 10.0 and Ansys software. The changes and the law of glossopharyngeum were observed by biomechanics and morphology after loading with titrated mandible advancement.

RESULTSA three-dimensional finite element model of the adjacent upper airway structure of OSAHS was established successfully. After loading, the transverse diameter of epiglottis tip of glossopharyngeum increased significantly, although the sagittal diameter decreased correspondingly. The principal stress was mainly distributed in anterior wall of the upper airway. The location of principal stress concentration did not change significantly with the increasing of distance. The stress of glossopharyngeum increased during titrated mandible advancement.

CONCLUSIONA more precise three-dimensional finite model of upper airway and adjacent structure of an OSAHS patient is established and improved efficiency by Mimics, Imageware and Ansys software. The glossopharyngeum of finite element model of OSAHS is analyzed by titrated mandible advancement and can effectively show the relationship between mandible advancement and the glossopharyngeum.

Objective To obtain an objective assessment of the curative effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for port wine stain (PWS), we investigate the relationship between the microvascular perfusion changes of PWS and the blanching of the lesions before and after PDT. Methods Twenty-four patients (18 females and 6 males with a total of 28 lesions) suffering from PWS were treated with PDT. The lesions of various extents were located on the face and neck. After intravenous injection of photosensitizer hepatoporphyrin derivative (HpD), the copper vapor laser was adopted as light source and the lesions of PWS were irradiated. The laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDI) was used to measure the microcirculatory perfusion of PWS before and after PDT and comparison with the normal skin was done.Results All the lesions showed remarkable decrease of tissue perfusion after PDT. It was shown that the mean, maximal and minimal values of tissue perfusion in the pre-treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Six months after PDT, the mean, maximal and minimal values of perfusion with the lesions were reduced, with significant difference from pre-treatment group (P<0.01), but no significant difference from control's. The colors of lesions were correlated with decrease of microcirculatory perfusion, which became lightened close to normal skin color without causing any scarring.Conclusions PDT is one of the most effective modalities for PWS. The microcirculation perfusion can reflect the degrees of PWS objectively. The curative effectiveness of PDT for PWS is due to tissue microcirculation response.

Objective To investigate risk factors of medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension through Meta-analysis.Methods Literatures on medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension were systematically reviewed across various databases,from inception to September 1st 2023,including CNKI,VIP,Wangfong Database,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library、EMbase.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.Results A total of 19 articles were included,comprising a total of 18 220 patients in sample size.Meta analysis identified 10 risk factors,showed significant association(P<0.05)with:age[OR=1.36,95%CI=(1.00,1.86)],place of residence[OR=1.91,95%CI=(1.33,2.75)],method of payment for medical expenses[OR=1.60,95%CI=(1.38,1.86)],income level[OR=1.68,95%CI=(1.45,1.95)],occupational status[OR=1.79,95%CI=(1.37,2.36)],social support[OR=1.43,95%CI=(1.27,1.60)],comorbidity[CI=0.33,95%(0.19,0.58)],frequency of blood pressure measurement[CI=1.53,95%(1.14,2.05)],disease awareness[OR=1.70,95%CI=(1.44,2.00)]and dedication frequency[OR=1.44,95%CI=(1.16,1.79)].In addition,the number of influencing factors such as gender,marital status,depression,cognitive impairment,and complications was included in<3 articles,and only descriptive analysis was conducted.Conclusion Healthcare providers should focus on the identification and management of the risk factors associated with medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension,therefore to reduce the incidence of medication non-adherence.

Hypertension heightens the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Optimal blood pressure (BP) management is crucial for preventing these complications. This review consolidates evidence from clinical trials and major BP management guidelines to shed light on key aspects of hypertension management in diabetes. It addresses BP thresholds to initiate antihypertensive treatment, optimal BP control targets, recommended first-line antihypertensive edications, and BP monitoring plan for the prevention of chronic complications in type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To study the expression of Proline rich protein11 (PRR11) in breast cancer and its relationship with clinical biological behavior, prognosis and survival.Methods:A prospective analysis method was used to select 80 patients with breast cancer from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019. Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of PRR11 in cancer tissues. Patients with positive expression of PRR11 were set as the study group ( n=47) and the patients with negative expression of PRR11 were set as the control group ( n=33) . All patients were followed up for 3 years to analyze and compare the survival rates of patients with positive and negative expression of PRR11. The relationship between PRR11 expression and clinical biological behavior, prognosis and survival was analyzed by Cox risk ratio review model. Results:80 patients were followed up for 3 years. It was found that the prognosis of patients with negative PRR11 expression was significantly better than that of patients with positive PRR11 expression ( χ2=5.75, P<0.001) . Chi square test was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of PRR11 and tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological grade, Ki67 expression and hormone receptor status ( P<0.05) . The expression of PRR11 in breast cancer tissues with larger tumors, distant metastasis and later staging was relatively high ( P<0.05) . Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that histological grade, TNM stage and PRR11 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients ( P<0.001) . The AUC of prognosis prediction in patients with breast cancer was 0.812, and the 95% CI was 0.635-0.796. When PRR11 expression was positive, the sensitivity was 81.47%, and the specificity was 85.57%. Conclusions:The expression of PRR11 is relatively high in the late stage breast cancer tissue. The expression of PRR11 is closely related to the clinical biological behavior of breast cancer size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. The survival rate of patients with high PRR11 expression is low, and the positive expression of PRR11 is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PRR11 detection has preferable clinical application value in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.