Objective To assess the incidence of oral candidiasis and its influencing factors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods An oral examination was conducted in the 1 566 HIV/AIDS patients in the Third Hospital of Kunming from March 2008 to September 2012 (M/F:1 062/504,age range:0.2 to 84.0 years old).The HIV viral load(HIV-RNA) and peripheral blood CD4 count were respectively analyzed by Bayer Q340 fluorescence signal surveying instrument(bDNA method) and flow cytometry analysis.The information on usage of highly active anti-retroviral(HAART) drugs and transmission of HIV were obtained through questionnaires.The incidence of oral candidiasis in patients with different HIV-RNA levels and CD4 count and the use of HAART was analyzed and compared.Results The total incidence of oral candidosis was 31.0％(486/1 566) and there was no difference in sex.The oral lesions were presented by three types,psudomembranous candidosis(PC),erythematous candidosis(EC) and angular cheilitis(AC),and the morbidity was 13.9％(217/1 566),17.0％(267/1 566) and 4.9％(77/1 566),respectively.The average level of CD4 count in psudomembranous candidosis,erythematous candidosis and angular cheilitis[81.0 (146.0),74.0 (152.0) and 69.0 (121.5) cell/μl] showed no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of oral candidiasis in non-HAART and HAART subjects were 36.3％(402/1 107) and 18.3％(84/459),respectively(P=0.000).The CD4 count and absolute counts of HIV viral load in oral candidiasis patients and non-oral candidiasis patients had significant difference(Z=-10.261,P=0.000 and Z=-4.762,P=0.000).Conclusions The morbidity of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Yunnan Province was high,including PC,EC and AC and hyperplastic candidosis was not detected.The incidence was related to the degree of immune suppression and HIV viral load.