The authors have made an investigation on the conditions of the internet access,the platform for network-aided teaching,the teaching resource and the teaching effect for physical chemistry among 127 pharmacy students of 2008 enrollment.Based on the results of the investigation,an analysis on the current situation and problems of network-aided teaching for this course was performed and recommendations were put forward accordingly.

Objective:To investigate the influential factors correlated to bone mineral density(BMD) in the lumbar vertebra of postmenopausal females,and to find out the influence of body mass and menostasis time on BMD. Methods: BMD in the frontal and lateral lumbar vertebrae of postmenopausal females were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).The correlations of BMD to age,body height,body mass,body mass index(BMI),menopausal age,and/or menopausal years were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS10.0. Results:The change of BMD in the frontal lumbar vertebra was positive to body mass but negatively with postmenopausal years,and that in the lateral lumbar vertebra was closely correlated to BMI. Conclusion: Bone mineral density decreases with increase of menostasis time.Females with a high body mass numerical value have higher bone mineral density.

[Objective] To observe the effect of Wumei Wan on histological features of colic mucosa of rats with uleera-tive colitis. [ Methods ] Forty rats were randomly allocated to normal control group ( Group A), model group ( Group B), salicylazosulfapyridine group (Group C) and Wumei Wan group (Group D). Ulcerative colitis models were established by immune method combined with local stimulation. After gastric infusion treatment, the histological features of colic mucosa of rats were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. [Results] The results of pathological slices showed histological feature of colic mucosa in Wumei Wan group was much improved as compared with Group C. [Conclusion] Wumei Wan has a certain effect in treating ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the clinical syndrome of all kinds of heart disease on the serious or final stage. About half of patients with organic heart disease will have heart failure that has a high incidence rate and mortality. The survival of heart failure was inferior to that of malignant tumor.OBJECTIVE: To confirm the clinical effect of Lujiao prescription on CHF and elucidate its possible mechanism.DESIGN: A control observation on CHF patients.SETTING: Department of Cardiovasology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 60 patients with CHF were selected from the department of cardiovasology in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1996 to December 1998. There were 31 male and 29 female. Included criteria: ①All of patients were consistent with Framinham diagnostic criteria. ② Above Ⅲ degree by New York Heart Association(NYHA). ③ Three months case history. ④Accept quantity sufficient diuretic and vasodilating agent (exclude angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ). ⑤ Left ventricle hypertrophy was proved by echocardiogram or chest X-ray. ⑥ Differentiation of symptoms and signs of Traditional Chinese Medicine refers to asthenia syndrome of differentiation of symptoms and signs of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1986, Researching Association of Chinese integrated medicine) General state of health and basic disease of the patients in the two groups were not significant deviation.METHODS: 60 patient s of CHF were randomly divided into Lujiao prescription group(n=40) and Digoxin group (n=20) at the rate of 2:1. Lujiao prescription group: Orally liquid decoction of Lujiao Prescription 35 mL (1 mL contain crude drug 1.6 g) Bid. po. Course of treatment: 4 weeks. Digoxin group: Digoxin tablet, 0.125-0.25 mg, qd. po. course of treatment: 4 weeks.After 4-week treatment, the patients' clinical effect, integrals of the symptoms of renal deficiency, classification of function capacity of the NYHA,Lee's heart failure score, heart rate(HR), myocardium oxygen consumption (MOC), proportion of heart to chest, echocardiogram, measurement of plasma angitention Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) and plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The total clinic effective rate. ②Integrals of the symptoms of renal deficiency. ③ Classification of function capacity of the NYHA. ④ Lee's heart failure score. ⑤HR and MOC. ⑥The proportion of heart to chest. ⑦ Ejection fraction(EF), cardic output (CO), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), posterior wall thickness (PWT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) through echocardiogram. ⑧The measurement of plasma Ang Ⅱ and plasma ANF.RESULTS:Totauy 60 patients entered the final analysis. ① The total clinical effective rate of the Lujiao prescription group was 90 %, which showed no significant difference from the Digoxin group (90 %, P ＞ 0.05).② Improvement was significantly observed in the integrals of the symptom of renal deficiency of the patients in the Lujiao prescription group after treatment (P ＜ 0.01), but which was not significant in the Digoxin group(P＞ 0.05). ③ It was found that classification of functional capacity of NYHA between Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.01). ④ Lee's heart failure score of patients in Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was decreased (P ＜ 0.01). ⑤Myocardium oxygen consumption and HR of the patients in the Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was decreased (P ＜ 0.01). ⑥ The proportion of heart to chest between Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group after treatment was decreased (P ＜ 0.01).⑦ EF and CO were increased by Lujiao prescription and by Digoxin (P＜ 0.01,vs pretreatment, respectively). IVST, PWT, LVMI of Lujiao prescription group after treatment were obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.01), while those of the Digoxin group were not obviously decreased (P ＞ 0.05). ⑧ Thlevel of plasma Ang Ⅱ of the patients in the Lujiao prescription group after treatment were obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.01), while that of the Digoxin group were not obviously decreased (P ＞ 0.05). The level of plasma ANF was decreased by Lujiao prescription and by digoxin(P ＜ 0.01, vs pretreatment, respectively).CONCLUSION: There is increasing cardiac constriction power and regressing left ventricular hypertrophy of patients with CHF by Lujiao prescription. The therapeutical effect of Lujiao prescription for CHF is better than that of Digoxin. The effect may be related to the regulation of circular or local endocrine(plasma Ang Ⅱ and ANF) disorder.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important ring-joint of congestive heart failure (CHF). It is also considered to be independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, so how to reverse or relieve LVH is valuable to cure CHF.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Lujiao prescription on degree of LVH in patients with CHF.DESIGN: A random-control observation on CHF patients.SETTING: Department of Cardiovasology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 20 patients with CHF were selected from the Special Clinic and Department of Cardiovasology in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1996 to December 1998. All of them were consistent with the Framirham diagnostic criteria and following standardizations: ①above Ⅲ degree of cardiac functional grading by New York Heart Association (NYHA);②over 3 months case history;③accepted basic treatment of quantity sufficient diuretic and vasodilating agent excluding angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI);LVH was proved by echocardiogram or chest X-ray. They were informed of treatment items and consented.METHODS: According to random lot, the patients were divided into Lujiao prescription group and Digoxin group, each containing 10 patients.①Oral administrations of Lujiao prescription (35 mL, two times per day, produced by Shanghai Shuguang Hospital) and Digoxin (0.125-0.25 mg per tablet, batch number: 970757, once daily) were given in the corresponding groups, and the treatment duration was 3 months. After treatment, all the patients were detected in①NYHA cardiac functional grading; ②interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and posterior wall thickness (PWT) in diastolic phase through echocardiogram, myocardium weight of left ventricular by Devereux formula, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) corrected by bodysurface area, and degree of LVH;③the level of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) by radioactive immunoassay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NYHA cardiac functional grading, e-chocardiogram (IVST, PWT, LVMI, degree of LVH), the level of plasma Ang Ⅱ.RFSULTS: All 20 adopted patients entered the result analysis.①The classification of NYHA cardiac functional grading ( Ⅰ , Ⅱ ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were respectively 2, 5, 3, 0 case in Lujiao prescription group and 2, 4, 4, 0 case in Digoxin group after treatment, and difference was significant compared with those before treatment (0, 0, 7, 3, P ＜ 0.05).②IVST, PWT and LVMI of Lujiao prescription group were obviously decreased after treatment [(11.20±0.42), (12.10±0.32) mm, P ＜ 0.01; (10.60±0.84), (11.40±1.10) mm,P ＜ 0.01; (139.4±12.4), (155.3±15.4) g/m2, P ＜ 0.01], while those of the Digoxin group were untouched (P ＞ 0.05). The degree of LVH of Lujiao prescription group after treatment was obviously decreased [normal, mild,moderate, sever: 2, 6, 2, 0; 0, 3, 4, 3, P ＜ 0.01], while that of the Digoxin group was not obviously decreased (P ＞ 0.05).③)The level of plasma Ang Ⅱin the Lujiao prescription group was obviously decreased [(97.7±19.5),(144.0±18.5) ng/L, P ＜ 0.01], while that of the Digoxin group was not obviously increased (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Lujiao prescription can reverse or relieve the degree of LVH in patients with CHF.

BACKGROUND: Pressure overload can lead to the activation of reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, and then left ventricular remodeling occurs.Captopril can reverse this progress.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of captopril in reversing left ventricular remodeling in rats with pressure overload and to elucidate its possible mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital () Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Postdoctor Institute of Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 1998 and October 1998. Totally 153 male Wistar rats were recruited.There were 5 experiments, 36 rats in each experiment except 9 rats in the fourth one.METHODS: A total of 36 Wistar male rats selected for each experiment were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and captopril group. Rats in model group received modeling for 4 weeks, then gastric perfusion with 15 mL/kg of distilled water once per day for 4 consecutive weeks. Abdominal aorta of the rats in sham-operation group were separated without closure by sliver clip, then 4 weeks later the procedure was the same as that in model group. In captopril group, 4 weeks after modeling, the rats were performed gastric perfusion with diluted captopril of 100 mg/kg, once a day for 4 consecutive weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of captopril on left ventricular mass index (LVMI), mRNA expression of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, content of plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) and left ventricular tissue Ang Ⅱ,plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and serum aldosterone (ALD) level.RESULTS: Totally 153 rats entered the result analysis. During the test for detecting the absorbance (A) of collagen type Ⅰ, 3 rats in sham operation group and 3 in captopril group died, and 1 rat died in model group; finally 29 rats were involved. During the test for detecting the absorbance (A) of collagen type Ⅲ, 3 rats died in sham operation group, 4 rats diedin model group, and 2 rats died in captopril group; finally 27 rats were involved. All in sham operation group and captopril group was lower than that in model group [(2.24±0.12)/1 000, (2.67±0.40)/1 000, (3.15±0.47)/1 000, t=2.649,cantly lower in sham operation group and captopril group than in model group [(0.57±0.19, 0.86±0.25, 2.79±2.00), t=3.661, 3.170, P ＜ 0.01, 0.05].operation group and captopril group than in model group [(0.48±0.10,sion of mRNA of collagen type Ⅰ: It was significantly lower in sham operation group and captopril group than in model group [(79.1 ±18.6)%,plasma Ang Ⅱ content: It was significantly lower in sham-operation group and captopril group than in model group [(130.2±30.2),(137.6±39.5),was significantly lower in sham operation group and captopril group than in model group [(170.6±51.6), (202.5±64.2), (339.3±115.4) μg/L, t=4.623,P ＜ 0.01].type Ⅲ and mRNA expression in rats with pressure overload, suggesting its captopril on left ventricular remodeling might be related to decreasing circulating or local Ang Ⅱ level, plasma ANF and serum aldosterone as well as affecting the expression of collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ mRNA.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the massive transfusion protocols (MTP) in abdominal surgical patients with traumatic shock.Methods An analysis was made on the clinical data of patients before and after the use of MTP,including the general condition,amount of blood transfusion,transfusion components and ratio,blood and coagulation function test,and blood transfusion related complications and mortality.Results Before implement of MTP,the average RBC transfusion in the first 24 hours was 19.5U,FFBwas 12.6U,and the ratio ofRBC ∶ FFB was 1.55 ∶ 1.After implement of MTP,the average RBC transfusion in the first 24 hours was 17.3 U,and the ratio of RBC:FFB was 1 ∶ 1.There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups about PT,APTT,Hb and PLT on admission.After 24 hours of admission,there was no significant difference in Hb between the two groups,there were significant differences of PT,APTT and PLT.Blood transfusion related complications were 11 (14.9％) in control group and 7 (11.9％) in MTP,group,and the mortality was 9.46％ and 6.78％ respectively.Conclusions MTP improves blood coagulation function,reduces blood transfusion and enhances survival rate of abdominal surgical patients with traumatic shock.

Purpose: Combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy have become the standard first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-negative advanced gastric cancer. However, primary resistance remains a challenge, with no effective biomarkers available for its prediction. This retrospective study explores the relationship between the baseline inflammatory burden index (IBI) and primary resistance in such context. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 62 patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer who received ICIs and chemotherapy as their first-line treatment. The IBI was calculated as follows: C-reactive protein (mg/L) × neutrophil count (10 3 /mm 3 )/lymphocyte count (10 3 /mm 3 ). Based on disease progression within 6 months, patients were categorized into the primary resistant or the control group. We compared baseline characteristics and IBI scores between the groups and assessed the predictive value of the IBI using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing primary resistance. Results: Nineteen patients were included in the primary resistance group, and forty-three patients were included in the control group. The IBI was significantly higher in the resistant group compared to the control group (P<0.01). The area under the curve for the IBI was 0.82, indicating a strong predictive value. Multivariate analysis identified the IBI as an independent predictor of primary resistance (P=0.014). Conclusions The baseline IBI holds promise as a predictor of primary resistance to combined ICIs and chemotherapy in patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer.

Purpose: Combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy have become the standard first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-negative advanced gastric cancer. However, primary resistance remains a challenge, with no effective biomarkers available for its prediction. This retrospective study explores the relationship between the baseline inflammatory burden index (IBI) and primary resistance in such context. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 62 patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer who received ICIs and chemotherapy as their first-line treatment. The IBI was calculated as follows: C-reactive protein (mg/L) × neutrophil count (10 3 /mm 3 )/lymphocyte count (10 3 /mm 3 ). Based on disease progression within 6 months, patients were categorized into the primary resistant or the control group. We compared baseline characteristics and IBI scores between the groups and assessed the predictive value of the IBI using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing primary resistance. Results: Nineteen patients were included in the primary resistance group, and forty-three patients were included in the control group. The IBI was significantly higher in the resistant group compared to the control group (P<0.01). The area under the curve for the IBI was 0.82, indicating a strong predictive value. Multivariate analysis identified the IBI as an independent predictor of primary resistance (P=0.014). Conclusions The baseline IBI holds promise as a predictor of primary resistance to combined ICIs and chemotherapy in patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer.

Purpose: Combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy have become the standard first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-negative advanced gastric cancer. However, primary resistance remains a challenge, with no effective biomarkers available for its prediction. This retrospective study explores the relationship between the baseline inflammatory burden index (IBI) and primary resistance in such context. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 62 patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer who received ICIs and chemotherapy as their first-line treatment. The IBI was calculated as follows: C-reactive protein (mg/L) × neutrophil count (10 3 /mm 3 )/lymphocyte count (10 3 /mm 3 ). Based on disease progression within 6 months, patients were categorized into the primary resistant or the control group. We compared baseline characteristics and IBI scores between the groups and assessed the predictive value of the IBI using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing primary resistance. Results: Nineteen patients were included in the primary resistance group, and forty-three patients were included in the control group. The IBI was significantly higher in the resistant group compared to the control group (P<0.01). The area under the curve for the IBI was 0.82, indicating a strong predictive value. Multivariate analysis identified the IBI as an independent predictor of primary resistance (P=0.014). Conclusions The baseline IBI holds promise as a predictor of primary resistance to combined ICIs and chemotherapy in patients with HER-2-negative advanced gastric cancer.