Objective To find a safe and effective management for upper ureteral calculi after failure of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL).Methods Under a F20.8 endoscope(EMS Ⅲ,Switzerland),percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed with pneumatic and ultrasonic power on 43 patients with upper ureteral calculi after having been treated by ESWL for 1 or 2 times.Results The procedure was completed in 42 of the patients with a mean operation time of 60 min(35 to 75 min),mean time for calculi removal of 12 min(5 to 20 min),and mean blood loss of 50 ml(20 to 150 ml).One patient was converted to open surgery because of failure of percutaneous renal puncture.One patient developed haematoma after the procedure and then was cured by conservative therapy without receiving blood transfusion.One patient had fever due to infection and was cured after antibiotic therapy.42 patients were followed up for 2 to 18 months(mean,6.4 months);none of them had massive hemorrhage,infection,hydronephrosis,or recurrence of the calculi during the period.Conclusions Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy with pneumatic and ultrasonic power is safe,minimally invasive,and effective for upper ureteral calculi after failure of ESWL.

CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptor, which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. The interaction between 2-(2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-{[(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-methyl}-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-acetamide (S009) and the N-terminal extracellular tail (ML40) of CCR4 has been validated to be high affinity by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The S009 is a known CCR4 antagonist. Now, a series of new thiourea derivatives have been synthesized. Compared with positive control S009, they were screened using ML40 as target by CZE to find some new drugs for allergic inflammation diseases. The synthesized compounds XJH-5, XJH-4, XJH-17 and XJH-1 displayed the interaction with ML40, but XJH-9, XJH-10, XJH-11, XJH-12, XJH-13, XJH-14, XJH-3, XJH-8, XJH-6, XJH-7, XJH-15, XJH-16 and XJH-2 did not bind to ML40.Both qualification and quantification characterizations of the binding were determined. The affinity of the four compounds was valued by the binding constant, which was similar with the results of chemotactic experiments. The established CEZ method is capable of sensitive and fast screening for a series of lactam analogs in the drug discovery for allergic inflammation diseases.

Objective To discuss the safety and short-term efficacy of MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for pain palliation of bone metastases patients.Methods Fourteen patients with painful bone metastases were recruited in this prospective study.The treating efficacy was characterized by numerical rating scale (NRS),the brief pain inventory quality of life (BPI-QOL) survey,and Karnosky performance status scale (KPS).Adverse events occurred pre-and post-treatment were analyzed.Normal distributed statistics was analyzed by using paired-samples t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results Fourteen patients were treated with MRgFUS,2 patients dropped out of the study.The NRS ratings are 6.50(4.00),5.00 (5.25),2.50(5.00),2.50(4.75),2.00 (6.00) for pre-treatment,one week,one month,two months,and three months,respectively.Such variances of NRS ratings were statistically significant (Z=-2.773,-2.740,-2.769,-2.675;P＜0.05).The BPI-QOL ratings were (42.42± 8.27),(30.67 ± 12.29),(29.17±15.38),(29.92± 17.67) and (35.67± 19.28),respectively.The BPI-QOL ratings decreased in the first two months after the treatment which is statistically significant (t=3.231,2.820 and 2.453;P＜0.05);whereas for the third month,the BPI-QOL rating was statistically insignificant compared with the one before the treatment (P＞0.05).The KPS ratings were 80(28),80(20),65(45) for pre-treatment,one week and three months after treatment,respectively.Three months after the treatment,the KPS ratings decreased which was statistically significant compared with the one before the treatment (Z=-2.204,P＜0.05).After the treatment,one patient developed deep venous thrombosis,three patients reported lower extremities numbness,two patients had soft tissue edema around the lesions.Conclusions MRgFUS is effective for short-term pain palliation of bone metastases.Such noninvasive technique is safe and can improve patients' living condition.