No abstract available.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Bone Density*

The definition of osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is any defect involving both the articular surface and the subchondral bone of the talus. Many of these lesions are associated with acute ankle injury. Although many classification schemes for OLT have been proposed, Berndt and Harty's 4-staging classification is most commonly used. Stage 4 lesions and symptomatic lesions under grade 3 are usually recommended to surgical treatment. The treatment approach for athletes should be more elaborate due to the need for an early return to play. Several different types of treatment are described for OLTs in athletes, including bone marrow stimulation, osteochondral autograft transfer system, and autogenous chondrocyte implantation. Osteochondral autograft transfer system shows good clinical outcome and has the advantages that could be applied to large defect and recurred lesions, however, it has some disadvantages in terms of the complications related with the donor site and the difficult approach to the medial lesions. Although autogenous chondrocyte implantation has been extensively applied for treating OLTs with successful clinical outcomes, it has some limitations that apply to athletes in terms of the 2-stage and complicated procedure and the insurance issues. Bone marrow stimulation being a simple and cost-effective procedure associated with a low complication rate and low postoperative pain has faster return to play and is recommended the first-line treatment for the OLTs of athletes.
Ankle Injuries ; Athletes* ; Autografts ; Bone Marrow ; Chondrocytes ; Classification ; Humans ; Insurance ; Pain, Postoperative ; Return to Sport ; Talus* ; Tissue Donors

Lateral ankle sprain is the most common ankle injuries. Patients who fail conservative treatments are candidates for modified Broström operation (MBO). Traditionally, the primary surgical treatment performed is the open MBO. Recently, there has been an evolution in the arthroscopic treatment of lateral ankle injury. Several reports reveal biomechanically equivalent results of arthroscopic vs . open MBO when using matched cadaver pairs. Also there was no difference in the clinical or radiologic outcomes between the arthroscopic and open MBO in randomized controlled trial. Therefore, arthroscopic MBO is reasonable and good alternative treatment for lateral ankle injury. Actually new techniques of arthroscopic treatment for ankle injury is introduced about arthroscopic syndesmotic repair and arthroscopic deltoid repair. Arthroscopic techniques for ankle injuries seem to develop further in the future.
Ankle Injuries ; Ankle* ; Arthroscopy ; Cadaver ; Humans

Microplastics are environmental pollutants that prevail in the oceans, remote islands, and polar regions. Exposure to microplastics presents a major emerging threat to the ecosystems due to their potential adverse effects. Herein, we reviewed the literature to provide an up-to-date synopsis of the current understanding of the sources, compositions, and adverse effects of microplastics in humans and the environment. Most studies on microplastics have focused on developing standardized methods for monitoring the occurrence, distribution, and movement of microplastics in the environment, as well as developing microplastic substitutes; however, although humans are exposed to microplastics via various routes, research on the adverse effects of microplastics in humans remains limited. Little is known about the impact of microplastics on human health and the toxic effects that may vary depending on the type, size, shape, and concentration of microplastics. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of microplastic toxicity and related pathologies.

PURPOSE: This randomized control trial was designed to examine the effect on the self-managing ability for promoting bone health of mobile typeebone health intervention (mobile typeeBHI). METHODS: The mobile typeeBHI consisted of amobile application called “Strong bone, Fit body” (SbFb) and group education. A total of 82 college women with low bone mass (Z score <−1) participated. They were assigned randomly to three groups, experimental group I, (n = 28), experimental group II (n = 32), and control group (n = 22). This study ran from June 2014 to January 2015. The outcome variables were bone mineral density, minerals related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D), biochemical markers related to bone remodeling (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, sclerostin), food intake diary by 24 hours recall, and psychosocial variables related to bone health (knowledge, health belief and selfefficacy). Data were analyzed using SAS program and a computer aided nutritional analysis program. RESULTS: Both the experimental group I, who used mobile typeeBHI, and experimental group II, who only received group education, showed outcomes regarding knowledge of the benefits of exercise and calcium as compared with the control group. The two experimental groups also demonstrated results in the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, and sclerostin compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Although both experimental groups exhibited positive outcomes in regards to the promotion of bone health, this study did not show an additional effect of the mobile application on selfmanagement ability for the promotion of bone health. Nonetheless, the SbFb application is very meaningful as it is the first application developed with the aim of improving women's bone health.
Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Calcium ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Minerals ; Miners ; Mobile Applications ; Nutrition Assessment ; Phosphorus ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins ; Young Adult*

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease in which the symptoms are associated with eosinophilic infiltration in various layers of the gastrointestinal tract. A 56-year-old man complained of severe abdominal pain after eating yellow tail fish and oyster. There was no peripheral blood eosinophilia in the initial laboratory test. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated circumferential wall thickening and dilatation of small intestine with ascites. An emergency laparotomy accompanied by segmental resection of the ileum and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histologically, there was a dense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the entire layers of ileal wall, through which this case could be diagnosed as eosinophilic enteritis. We did not prescribe systemic glucocorticosteroid, but asked him to avoid fish and oyster. He did not complain of recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms anymore after discharge. This is the case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with intestinal obstruction requiring emergency surgery, which was developed or aggravated after ingestion of yellow tail fish and oyster that were suspected to be culprit foods. In patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, foods which are related to this abnormal condition should be identified and avoided to control this disease and prevent from aggravation or flare-up.
Abdominal Pain ; Ascites ; Dilatation ; Eating ; Emergencies ; Enteritis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestine, Small ; Laparotomy ; Middle Aged ; Ostreidae* ; Rare Diseases ; Tail*

Background: Keloid scars occur idiopathically, and the ear is a common site of keloid scar formation after ear-piercing. Management is always challenging because of the high likelihood of recurrence. When treating a large keloid scar, surgical debulking is inevitable. Among various surgical options, the fillet flap is useful for very large scars with broad stalks that cannot be removed by simple excision and primary closure. Methods: From April 2016 to June 2021, scar revision with a fillet flap was performed on 24 auricular keloid scars. The operation was performed to debulk the scar as much as possible, while retaining a thin envelope of scar tissue. The patients were observed for 1 year postoperatively. Oral tranilast (a transforming growth factor-β suppressor) was administered to reduce the risk of recurrence during follow-up. When recurrence was observed, triamcinolone was injected into the scar. Results: All 24 cases were successfully treated without major problems such as flap loss. The postoperative contour and volume of the scars were appropriate when recurrence did not occur. During the follow-up period, there were nine cases of keloid recurrence, and the mean number of triamcinolone injections was 2.7. One patient experienced a second recurrence 10 months after the first recurrence and needed two more injections. Conclusion The fillet flap is an appropriate option for removing a large keloid scar with a broad stalk. Although it does not guarantee that recurrence will not take place, it provides a small and flat scar into which triamcinolone can be injected if the keloid scar recurs.

The use of thermogenic dietary supplements has led to growing concerns about potential adverse health effects. A 19-year-old female patient experienced recurrent blurred vision after consuming thermogenic dietary supplements for 5 weeks and eating only one meal per day. Initial brain imaging showed a lesion at the corpus callosum, which disappeared after a month, and her symptoms resolved within 2 days. The potential risks associated with using thermogenic dietary supplements in combination with intermittent fasting need to be carefully considered.

Plasma cell cheilitis, an idiopathic benign inflammatory disorder of the lip, is characterized by dense plasma cell infiltration in the upper dermis. It usually presents as circumscribed erosive patches or plaques on the lower lip of an elderly person. The cause of plasma cell cheilitis is unknown, and the treatment is often disappointing. Tacrolimus is one of the newer immunomodulators which inhibit T-cell activation and inflammatory cytokine release. It is approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and several reports have found topical tacrolimus to also be effective and well tolerated in other skin disorders, including other types of eczema, papulosquamous disorders, vesiculobullous diseases, vitiligo and connective tissue diseases. Herein, we report 3 cases of plasma cell cheilitis treated by topical tacrolimus ointment.

Background : This study was designed to investigate gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors with an emphasis on their clinicopathological characteristics. Methods : Sixty-five cases were reviewed and classified as typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell carcinoma (SmCC). We performed immunohistochemistry to characterize the expression of the immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin, gastrin, somatostatin, thyroid transcription factor-1, p53 and Ki-67. Results : Most commonly, the tumors were located in the rectum (54%), followed by the stomach (23%) and colon (9%). Histologically, the tumors were classified as 49 TCs, 4 ACs, 6 LCNECs and 6 SmCCs. Most tumors were stained positive for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin. Four LCNECs and one SmCC were p53-positive. The carcinoids revealed a low level (<5%) of reactivity for Ki-67, while > or =30% of the cells showed reactivity for Ki-67 in the majority of LCNECs and SmCCs. Six patients with metastatic carcinoids were older than those patients without metastasis (64 vs 48 years, respectively, p=0.004). Furthermore, the size of tumors was larger for the patients with metastatic carcinoids than for the patients with nonmetastatic carcinoids (2.3 vs 0.5 cm, respectively, p=0.005). Conclusion : Old age, large tumor size and muscle invasion are associated with high grade neuroendocrine tumor and lymph node metastasis for those patients with carcinoids.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Colon ; Gastrins ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors* ; Rectum ; Somatostatin ; Stomach ; Synaptophysin ; Thyroid Gland