Objective To observe the differences of retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetic and healthy subjects.Methods Seventy-one diabetic patients and 91 healthy persons were included diabetes group and control group respectively.Oxygen saturation was measured in retinal blood vessels in two groups using retinal Oxymap.The oxygen saturation in retinal arteries and veins about 1.5-3.0 disc-diameter from center of optic disc was analyzed by instrumental software.Results Among 71 cases of diabetics,there was no significant difference in retinal oxygen saturation between male and female,among different ages and duration of disorder (all P ＞ 0.05).The retinal average arteriolar oxygen saturation in diabetes group was higher than that in control group (P =0.00).The diabetes group had the higher arteriolar oxygen saturation in all the quadrants,while only the superior temporal and inferior temporal showed significant difference statistically (all P ＜0.05).The retinal average venous oxygen saturation in diabetes group showed an upward trend although with no significance (P ＞0.05).Venous oxygen saturation in the diabetes group were higher in retinal superior temporal and inferior temporal quadrant and lower in retinal inferior nasal quadrant,there were significant statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The retinal arterio-venous oxygen saturation differences in diabetes group was higher than that in control group,there was significant statistical difference (P =0.00).Conclusion There is significant difference in retinal vessel oxygen saturation between diabetics and healthy subjects.There are different degrees of changes in retinal oxygen saturation among different quadrants,indicating uneven distribution of retinal oxygen metabolism in each quadrant.

Objective To discuss the effect of different intension electrotherapy to rabbits'FERG,Methods Using the FERG as the target,to stimulate the TAIXI point with 0.2,0.8,2.0 and 4.0mA inrension eleetrotherapy,then observe the change of the rabbits'FERG during and after the stimulation.Results 0.8mA intension can lead to the delay of the FERG a-wave's latency obviously.The lower or higher.stimulation has little effect to the awave's latency.All kinds of stimulation to the b-wave's latency has little difference,but the effect to the amplitude has significant difference.While the stimulating intension below 2mA in 15 minutes,the b-wave's amplitude rise obviously with the intension's rising,but the amplitude will fall when the intension get to 4mA.Conclusion The effect of electrotherapy on the retina'function has osculation relationship with the electrotherapy intenmon,the best effect needs the most fitful intension of stimulation.

Objective To evaluate effect of Qi-ming granule on vision function of patients with mild, moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) .Methods Using the randomized double blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial method.From Oct.2012 to Jun.2014, 36 patients with 68 eyes who included in the standard were randomly divided into treatment group,control group,given Qi-ming gran-ule and placebo respectively for 6 months, exam with mfERG before treatment and after treatment, evaluate the curative effect.Results After 6 months treatment of Qi-ming granule, the implicit time of the 4th ring of the N1 wave about the mfERG was shorter than that of preoperative( P <0.05), the amplitude density was more than both that of preoperative and control group( P <0.01), the amplitude density of the 5th ring increased compared to that of control group;The peak latency of 3 rd ring of P1 wave was shorter than that of control group( P <0.01), the amplitude density of 1st,3rd,5th ring restored compared with that of preopera-tive and control group( P <0.01), the amplitude density of 4th ring improve than that of control group( P<0.01).Conclusions Qi-ming granule can improve the multifocal ERG of patients with mild, moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, restore the vision function.

AIM: To investigate the effects of rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis on delayed rectifier K+currents (IK).METHODS:The retinas of 2~3 d newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were dissociated into cell suspension by trypsin digestion .The RGCs were cultured and divided into control group , pressure 0.5 h group, pressure 1 h group, pressure 1.5 h group and pressure 2 h group.The cells were cultured regularly for 6 d in control group , and the cells in other groups were cultured regularly for 6 d and gave pressure of 80 mmHg for 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h, respectively. The rhodamine 123 fluorescence from labeled RGC mitochondrion was detected by continuous wavelength multifunctional microplate detection instrument.The membrane capacitance (Cm) in different groups and IK in the pressure 1 h group were recorded from the RGCs by whole-cell patch-clamp technique .RESULTS:No difference of rhodamine 123 fluorescence in the RGC mitochondria between control group and pressure 0.5 h group was observed .Rhodamine 123 fluorescence in the other 3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).No difference of the Cm between control group and pressure 0.5 h group was found, and the Cm in the other 3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The amplitudes of IK were higher than that in control group .At the test potential from -10 mV to 60 mV, the current density in pressure 1 h group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The maximal conduc-tion ( Gmax ) in pressure 1 h group was significantly higher than that in control group .The voltage for IK channel half-activa-tion ( V1/2 ) in pressure 1 h group declined comparison with control group ( P<0.01 ) , and the k value had no significant difference between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis accompanies with delayed rectifier K +current enhancement .

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of tetrahydropalmatine, dehydrocorydaline, berberine and palmatine on anoxia and peroxidation injuries in cardiomyocytes, and study the marterial basis of the anti-ischemia effect on myocardium of Rhizoma Corydalis.

METHODNeonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in vitro, and subjected to an anoxia-reoxia and the hydrogen peroxide injury models. The four compounds were added into the culture medium. The cell viability was measured by MTT method to determine the safe concentrations and the anti-hydrogen peroxide injury effects of the compounds. The LDH activity in culture mediums was measured with the enzyme reaction dynamics-monitoring method to value the anti-anoxia injury effects of the compounds.

RESULTAt most up to 500 mg x L(-1), tetrahydropalmatine showed no sinificant effect on the cell viability, while dehydrocorydaline, berberine and palmatine significantly decreased the cell viability, exceeding 6.3, 0.6 and 6.3 mg x L(-1), respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Tetrahydropalmatine, dehydrocorydaline, berberine and palmatine significantly inhibited LDH leakage induced by anoxia-reoxia injury, at concentrations of 50-100, 1.25-5, 4 and 30 mg x L(-1), respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). None of the four compounds showed significant effect on the hydrogen peroxide injury.

CONCLUSIONThe anti-ischemia effect in myocardium of Rhizoma Corydalis is related to the direct protective effects on cardiomyocytes of its components, tetrahydropalmatine, dehydrocorydaline, berberine and palmatine, amomg which tetrahydropalmatine and dehydrocorydaline are the most important, the former with high safety and low efficacy, while the latter with low safety and high efficacy. And the direct protective effects on cardiomyocytes of these four components may be attained through mechanisms other than anti-peroxidation.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Berberine Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats

Abstract Myopia is a common refractive error in the process of development. With the high incidence and low age of myopia in children and adolescents, it has become a worldwide public health problem, seriously endangering physical and mental health. The prevention and control of myopia has a long way to go. Low concentration atropine, as an M type choline receptor inhibitor, has been proved by medical research to effectively delay the progress of myopia. This paper reviews the relevant studies at home and abroad in recent years. The optimal concentration of low concentration atropine, the best clinical regimen and possible potential side effects were discussed. From the point of view of school public health, this paper discusses the significance of low concentration atropine for the prevention and control of myopia among school age students, in order to provide a reliable basis and new ideas for the follow up clinical application of atropine and myopia prevention and control strategies for school students.

The human hereditary retinal degeneration is one of the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. the mechanisms leading to retinal photoreceptor degeneration are not entirely clear. However, microglia acting as innate immune monitors are found to be activated early in retinal degeneration in many retinitis pigmentosa animal models. These activated microglia are involved in phagocyte rod cell fragments of degenerated retina, and also produce high levels of cytotoxic substances such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which aggravate the death of adjacent healthy photoreceptor cells. It suggests that microglia activation plays an important role in photoreceptor degeneration. At the same time, a series of studies have confirmed that some drugs can prevent or reduce neuronal death and slow the occurrence and progression of retinal degeneration by interfering with abnormal activation of microglia. It is expected to be a new choice for the treatment of hereditary retinal degeneration.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Tangning Tongluo tablets in the treatment of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy （DR）. MethodsFourteen research centers participated in this study， which spanned a time interval from September 2021 to May 2023. A total of 240 patients with nonproliferative DR were included and randomly assigned into an observation group （120 cases） and a control group （120 cases）. The observation group was treated with Tangning Tongluo tablets， and the control group with calcium dobesilate capsules. Both groups were treated for 24 consecutive weeks. The vision， DR progression rate， retinal microhemangioma， hemorrhage area， exudation area， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） level， and TCM syndrome score were assessed before and after treatment， and the safety was observed. ResultsThe vision changed in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group showed higher best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） than the control group （P<0.05）. The DR progression was slow with similar rates in the two groups. The fundus hemorrhage area and exudation area did not change significantly after treatment in both groups， while the observation group outperformed the control group in reducing the fundus hemorrhage area and exudation area. There was no significant difference in the number of microhemangiomas between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， the number of microhemangiomas decreased in both the observation group （Z=-1.437， P<0.05） and the control group （Z=-2.238， P<0.05）， and it showed no significant difference between the two groups. As the treatment time prolonged， the number of microhemangiomas gradually decreased in both groups. There was no significant difference in the HbA1c level between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， the decline in the HbA1c level showed no significant difference between the two groups. The TCM syndrome score did not have a statistically significant difference between the two groups before treatment. After treatment， neither the TCM syndrome score nor the response rate had significant difference between the two groups. With the extension of the treatment time， both groups showed amelioration of TCM syndrome compared with the baseline. ConclusionTangning Tongluo tablets are safe and effective in the treatment of nonproliferative DR， being capable of improving vision and reducing hemorrhage and exudation in the fundus.