No abstract available.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome*

PURPOSE: In this study the effects of breast massage on breast pain, breast-milk sodium, and newborn suckling in early postpartum mothers were investigated. METHODS: The design was a non-synchronized nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Sixty postpartum mothers who were admitted to a postpartum care center and had problems with breastfeeding were recruited. Of these mothers, 44 were assigned to the intervention group and received two 30-minute breast massages within 10 days of postpartum period. The others were assigned control group and received only routine care. Breast pain was measured using a numeric pain scale and number of times newborns suckled was observed throughout breastfeeding. Breast milk was self-collected to evaluate breast-milk sodium. RESULTS: Mean age of postpartum mothers was 30 years old. Compared to the control group, women in the intervention group reported significant decreases in breast pain (p<.001), increases in number of times newborns suckled after the first and second massage (p<.001), and a decrease in breast-milk sodium after the first massage (p=.034). CONCLUSION: Breast massage may have effects on relieving breast pain, decreasing breast-milk sodium, and improving newborn suckling. Breast massage can be used to solve breast problems. Further research is needed to validate our findings.
Adult ; *Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactation ; Male ; *Massage ; Mastodynia/*therapy ; Milk, Human/*chemistry ; Postpartum Period ; Sodium/*analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Participatory Action-Oriented Training (PAOT) programs in korean manufacture workers with metabolic syndrome for three years. METHODS: A total of 890 workers with risks of metabolic syndrome were recruited from one workplace. The experimental group (n=51) received PAOT program for the preventive management on metabolic syndrome, while the control group (n=51) received conventional program. RESULTS: In the experimental group who participated in PAOT program, percentage of achieved action plans was 73.4% at three months, 75.8% at six months, 82.8% at three years. After three years, the rate of risk factor in the experimental group has significantly decreased from 1.94±1.77 to 0.76±1.25 for moderate exercise, and from 1.72±2.01 to 1.04±1.59 for the strenuous exercise. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure has significantly decreased from 125.06±11.83 to 117.65±19.94, from 83.45±13.38 to 76.39±8.09 mmHg. In addition, risk factor score also decreased from 3.31±0.61 to 1.41±0.89. CONCLUSION: To improve the effectiveness of PAOT program for the management of risk factors of metabolic syndrome, there is a need to continue implement programs and analyze the long-term effects are required in the workplace.
Blood Pressure ; Methods* ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction of medical students in flipped learning and analyzed academic achievement in comparison with lecture class. METHODS: The subjects were 40 students who participated in flipped learning during neurology course in the second year. After performing flipped learning, formative assessment was conducted and the degree of satisfaction was examined. Questionnaires of satisfaction were developed to identify the perceptions of students on flipped learning. To compare the academic achievement of students, formative assessments were conducted at the end of the flipped learning class and the lecture class. The data was analyzed by frequency and paired t-test method. RESULTS: The students showed a high level of frequency in using lecture notes (80.6%) and lecture slides (74.2%) among the pre-class learning resources. The average score (3.89) was higher for the factor of interaction and collaboration in the classroom than for the factor of improving learning (3.62). The average score of the students in the formative assessment was 4.28 points (out of 10 points) in the lecture class, while it was 5.56 points (out of 10 points) in the flipped learning class thus showing a statistically significant difference (t=−4.203, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was observed from the responses of the students that flipped learning is helpful for the interaction and collaboration in the classroom. It is expect that this result will be useful as basic data for medical school to try flipped learning in the future.
Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Learning ; Methods ; Neurology ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones among nursing students.METHODS: Data were collected from 160 nursing students in D and B cities, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and the analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and stepwise multiple regression.RESULTS: Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones differed significantly in terms of the participants' knowledge about environmental hormones. Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones was negatively correlated with knowledge of environmental hormones, attitude towards pro-environmental behavior, and environmental self-efficacy; these factors were significant predictors of behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones, and accounted for 27.0% of the variance.CONCLUSION: Environmental self-efficacy was identified as the most significant factor affecting behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones in nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve pro-environmental behavior and environmental self-efficacy in nursing students.
Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones among nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from 160 nursing students in D and B cities, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and the analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones differed significantly in terms of the participants' knowledge about environmental hormones. Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones was negatively correlated with knowledge of environmental hormones, attitude towards pro-environmental behavior, and environmental self-efficacy; these factors were significant predictors of behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones, and accounted for 27.0% of the variance. CONCLUSION Environmental self-efficacy was identified as the most significant factor affecting behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones in nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve pro-environmental behavior and environmental self-efficacy in nursing students.

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Colon*

BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be involved in many tumor promoting activities. EGFR inhibition has been tried as a therapeutic modality in many human malignancies. METHODS: The expression of EGFR protein and the gene copy number changes were studied in 135 clear cell carcinomas and 16 papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and these tumors were diagnosed between 1995 and 1997. RESULTS: An EGFR protein expression (2+ and 3+) was found in 54.1% of the clear cell RCCs and in 43.8% of the papillary RCCs. In the clear cell RCCs, its expression was associated with male gender, the tumor size (> or =4 cm) and high T stages (T2 and T3), with statistical significance. Trisomy and polysomy of the EGFR gene were found in 27 (25.7%) and 40 (38.1%) of 105 clear cell RCCs, respectively. Trisomy and polysomy were correlated with an EGFR protein expression and a high clinical T stage, with statistical significance. Among 15 papillary RCCs, 13 tumors showed trisomy (86.7%) and one showed polysomy (6.7%). Amplification was not found in both the clear cell and papillary type RCCs. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable numbers of RCCs showed an overexpression of EGFR protein and increased EGFR gene copy numbers, yet the clinical significance of conducting a FISH study in RCC patients seems to be limited.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Ploidies ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Trisomy

Diffuse pulmonary meningotheliomatosis (DPM) is an extremely rare condition. We herein report a unique case of DPM in a 54-year-old woman with a previous history of hepatocellular carcinoma. A chest computed tomography showed diffuse bilateral nodular infiltration, suggesting miliary spread of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for diagnostic purposes. The cut surface of the lung specimen showed multiple dispersed small nodules, consisting of variably sized nests or whorls of bland epithelioid cells often along the walls of alveolar septa or in a perivascular network within the alveolar interstitium. The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, and progesterone receptor. DPM should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse multiple small nodules or a reticular pattern in the radiologic studies.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelioid Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Meningioma ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thorax ; Vimentin

Abnormally located liver tissue has been described in the vicinity of the liver proper, near anatomical structures such as the gallbladder, the umbilical fossa, the adrenal gland, the pancreas, and the spleen. Supradiaphragmatic ectopic liver is a rare finding, but has been reported to have been found in the intrathoracic cavity and in the pericardium. In the majority of supradiaphragmatic ectopic liver cases, there was an accompanying transdiaphragmatic pedicle of the main liver body into the abdominal cavity. In a minority of supradiaphramatic ectopic liver cases, the liver was completely separated from the abdominal cavity without a connection between the thorax and the abdomen, with accompanying diaphragmatic anomalies. We describe one case of intrathoracic ectopic liver in a patient with a previous history of lower chest wall trauma, and a brief review of the English-language medical literature on this topic.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Adrenal Glands ; Diaphragm ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Pericardium ; Spleen ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax