PURPOSE: A task force identified 4 core properties of motivation-related improvement and developed a medical volunteer program for 63 medical freshmen in 2012. Three overarching topics were examined: What were the contents of the program? Did students' motivation improve? Were the students satisfied with the course? Pretest and posttest motivation levels and program evaluation forms were analyzed. METHODS: We organized a series of committee meetings and identified 4 core factors of motivation. The program was conducted for 63 medical freshmen in March 2012. The program evaluation form was analyzed using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The core factors of motivation were interest in medical studies, volunteer-mindedness, medical humanities, and self-management. The program was composed of lectures, medical volunteer hours, and program evaluation and feedback sessions. Students' motivation differed significantly with regard to interest in medical studies (t=-2.40, p=0.020) and volunteer-mindedness (t=-3.45, p=0.001). Ninety percent of students were satisfied with the program, 67.8% of students were satisfied with the medical volunteer activity, and the feedback session of the program was meaningful (66.1%). CONCLUSION: The medical volunteer program, held in the first month of the medical education year, was meaningful, but the reasons for dissatisfaction with the program should be examined. We should also develop a system that has lasting beneficial effects on academic achievement and career selection.
Achievement ; Advisory Committees ; Education, Medical ; Humanities ; Humans ; Lectures ; Motivation ; Program Evaluation ; Self Care ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: This study examined two overarching topics: to what extent do faculties acknowledge class readiness, execution of lessons, and evaluation of the session; and what core content should be strengthened in a medical school faculty development program? METHODS: In November 2012, 37 faculties completed a detailed survey on the needs of medical school faculty development programs. The 14-item survey assessed the importance, operational frequency, difficulty in accomplishment, class readiness, execution of teaching, and evaluation of the session. RESULTS: Faculties were aware of the importance of class readiness, execution of teaching, and evaluation of the session but had a low level of accomplishment with regard to execution of the instruction and evaluation of the session. Four subitems of session evaluation were considered very important but showed low operational frequency, high difficulty in accomplishment, and low accomplishment ability. The successful discussion class item had the lowest operational frequency and accomplishment ability. The core contents that should be strengthened in medical school faculty development programs are diagnose students' class readiness (prior knowledge) (35.5%) and providing class session with suitable level/content (32.3%). CONCLUSION: Before designing faculty development programs, a needs assessment is useful in providing more tailored content for the faculty.
Needs Assessment ; Schools, Medical

OBJECTIVES: It is necessary to improve the pathology workflow. A workflow task analysis was performed using a pathology picture archiving and communication system (pathology PACS) in order to propose a user interface for the Pathology PACS considering user experience. METHODS: An interface analysis of the Pathology PACS in Seoul National University Hospital and a task analysis of the pathology workflow were performed by observing recorded video. Based on obtained results, a user interface for the Pathology PACS was proposed. RESULTS: Hierarchical task analysis of Pathology PACS was classified into 17 tasks including 1) pre-operation, 2) text, 3) images, 4) medical record viewer, 5) screen transition, 6) pathology identification number input, 7) admission date input, 8) diagnosis doctor, 9) diagnosis code, 10) diagnosis, 11) pathology identification number check box, 12) presence or absence of images, 13) search, 14) clear, 15) Excel save, 16) search results, and 17) re-search. And frequently used menu items were identified and schematized. CONCLUSIONS: A user interface for the Pathology PACS considering user experience could be proposed as a preliminary step, and this study may contribute to the development of medical information systems based on user experience and usability.
Diagnosis ; Information Systems ; Medical Records ; Pathology* ; Radiology Information Systems ; Seoul ; Task Performance and Analysis ; User-Computer Interface ; Workflow

PURPOSE: Feedback in medical education is as important as developing the curriculum and choosing the right method of instruction. This study measured three overarching areas: student satisfaction rates with academic feedback, the type and helpfulness of the feedback, and the types of feedback that students want. METHODS: In December 2013, 166 students answered a student survey that consisted of 26 items. The survey asked questions on their experiences with the overall feedback that was given the previous semester, the satisfaction rate, the type of feedback that was received, the helpfulness of the feedback, and the types of feedback that were desired after examinations and learning tasks. RESULTS: Overall, 35% of the students were satisfied with the feedback that they received in the previous semester. Students wanted more systematic (61.4%) and timely feedback (30.1%). The types of feedback that were most desired were "written comment feedback from the teacher" (51.8%) for learning tasks and "item difficulty, percentile ranks feedback" for examinations (62.0%). CONCLUSION: Students found the current feedback to be helpful, but the lack of feedback that students desired indicates that we must provide more systematic feedback in a more timely manner.
Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Learning ; Students, Medical*

OBJECTIVES: This study intended to identify the deficits of cognitive control among patients with bipolar I disorder and their first-degree relatives, and identify the possibility of cognitive control as an endophenotype of bipolar disorder. METHODS: The study included three groups: euthymic states patients with bipolar I disorder (n = 55), unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with bipolar I disorder (n = 30), and a healthy control group (n = 51), that was matched on age, sex, and years of education. The AX version of the continuous performance test (CPT) was used to examine cognitive control. Error rate, correct response times of each subsets (AX, BX, AY, BY), and d' as an indication of accuracy sensitivity index were calculated. Psychopathology, intelligence, and psychomotor speed were also assessed. RESULTS: Patients with bipolar I disorder showed significantly worse error rates in the AX (p = 0.01) and BX (p = 0.02) subsets and d' (p = 0.05) than the others. They also showed more delayed correct response times than the healthy control group and first-degree relatives in all subsets (p < 0.01). But first-degree relatives showed neither high error rates nor delayed correct response times than healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cognitive control is impaired in bipolar I disorder but less likely to be an endophynotype of bipolar I disorder.
Bipolar Disorder ; Education ; Endophenotypes ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Psychopathology ; Reaction Time

In end stage renal disease, the precise mechanism of metastatic calcification remains unclear, except that it occurs with hyperphosphatemia, increased Ca x P product, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. It involves various organs such as lung, eye, stomach, kidney, and so on. A 62-year-old male patient, who had acute renal failure (ARF), developed gastric calcification in our institution. The ARF had been result of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and the metastatic calcification seemed to be caused by increased Ca x P product and hyperphosphatemia. This case shows that metastatic calcification could arise even in ARF.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Eye ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lung ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach

Biobank Impact Factor (BIF), which is a very effective criterion to evaluate the activity of biobanks, can be estimated by the citation information of biobanks from scientific papers. We have developed a program, ManBIF, to investigate the citation information from PDF files in the literature. The program manages a dictionary for expressions to represent biobanks and their resources, mines the citation information by converting PDF files to text files and searching with a dictionary, and produces a statistical report file. It can be used as an important tool by biobanks.
Mining

The authors report a case of acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from menstruation-related disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in an adenomyosis patient. A 40-yr-old woman who had received gonadotropin for ovulation induction therapy presented with anuria and an elevated serum creatinine level. Her medical history showed primary infertility with diffuse adenomyosis. On admission, her pregnancy test was negative and her menstrual cycle had started 1 day previously. Laboratory data were consistent with DIC, and it was believed to be related to myometrial injury resulting from heavy intramyometrial menstrual flow. Gonadotropin is considered to play an important role in the development of fulminant DIC. This rare case suggests that physicians should be aware that gonadotropin may provoke fulminant DIC in women with adenomyosis.
Acute Kidney Injury/*diagnosis/etiology ; Adult ; Creatinine/blood ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/*chemically induced/complications ; Endometriosis/*complications/diagnosis/surgery ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropins/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menstruation/*physiology ; Uterus/pathology/surgery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that several nonmotor symptoms differ between Parkinson's disease (PD) and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP). However, there have been no reports on cardiovascular autonomic function in DIP, and so this study investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic function differs between PD and DIP patients. METHODS: This study consecutively enrolled 20 DIP patients, 99 drug-naïve PD patients, and 25 age-matched healthy controls who underwent head-up tilt-table testing and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. RESULTS: Orthostatic hypotension was more frequent in patients with PD or DIP than in healthy controls. In DIP, orthostatic hypotension was associated with the underlying psychiatric diseases and neuroleptics use, whereas prokinetics were not related to orthostatic hypotension. The supine blood pressure, nighttime blood pressure, and nocturnal blood pressure dipping did not differ significantly between the DIP and control groups. Supine hypertension and nocturnal hypertension were more frequent in PD patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: The included DIP patients frequently exhibited orthostatic hypotension that was associated with the underlying diseases as well as the nature of and exposure time to the offending drugs. Clinicians should individualize the manifestations of DIP according to underlying diseases as well as the action mechanism of and exposure time to each offending drug.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders* ; Tilt-Table Test

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission among non-close contacts is not infrequent. We evaluated the proportion and circumstances of individuals to whom SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted without close contact with the index patient in a nosocomial outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Korea. From March 2020 to March 2021, there were 36 secondary cases from 14 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Of the 36 secondary cases, 26 (72%) had been classified as close contact and the remaining 10 (28%) were classified as non-close contact. Of the 10 non-close contact, 4 had short conversations with both individuals masked, 4 shared a space without any conversation with both masked, and the remaining 2 entered the space after the index had left. At least one quarter of SARSCoV-2 transmissions occurred among non-close contacts. The definition of close contact for SARS-CoV-2 exposure based on the mode of droplet transmission should be revised to reflect the airborne nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.