PURPOSE: This study explores how to design a flipped classroom for a predental science course and evaluate its course through student self-assessment in order to provide practical implications for flipped learning in an undergraduate level. METHODS: Second- and third-year predental students in the Seoul National University School of Dentistry enrolled in Biodiversity and Global Environment, a 15-week, three-credit course based on a flipped learning model. At the end of the course, the students were asked to rate their self-directed learning, attitude toward social media, discussion skills, learning readiness, and class satisfaction. Out of the 82 predental students, 61 (74.3%) answered the survey. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between the self-rated measurements and the performance scores. RESULTS: The majority of the students felt somewhat more prepared than the medium level before the class (mean score of 3.17 out of 5.00), whereas they expressed relatively low preference concerning social media use and attitude (mean score of 2.49). Thus, it was found that learning readiness was significantly associated with both discussion skills and class satisfaction. In particular, multivariate regression analysis confirmed that learning readiness had a significant influence on learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study offered insights into how to design a flipped learning course in terms of predental students' preference and their learning readiness. Although learning success in a flipped classroom depends on the students' self-perceived level of preparedness, much still remains to be achieved in order to apply social media benefits in a flipped learning context.
Biodiversity ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Learning ; Self-Assessment* ; Seoul ; Social Media

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of aerobic physical activity and musclestrengthening exercise with mental health, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between combined exercise with depression, stress, and suicidal thoughts was also examined. Methods: The association between adherence to physical activity guidelines and mental health was analyzed among 27,268 adults who participated in the 2014– 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to predict the relationship between adherence to physical activity guidelines and mental health. Results: The odds ratio for depression and suicidal thoughts in groups that met both aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening exercise guidelines decreased by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56– 0.94) and 40% (95% CI, 0.39– 0.93), respectively, compared to those that did not meet both. Stress awareness decreased by 22% (95% CI, 0.67– 0.90) in those who met muscular exercise guidelines, but did not meet aerobic physical activity guidelines. For those who met only the aerobic physical activity guidelines, stress awareness decreased by 12% (95% CI, 0.82 – 0.95). In addition, the odds ratio decreased by 29% (95% CI, 0.62 – 0.80) in groups that met both guidelines. Conclusion The most positive relationships between adherence to physical activity guidelines and mental health were found when both aerobic and muscular exercise guidelines were met.

The secondary amyloidosis (AA type), a complication of inflammation or infection, is caused by the deposition of serum amyloid protein A in various organs. The clinical manifestations of amyloidosis are various according to involved organs. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the commonly affected organs. However, the endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal amyloidosis are nonspecific, and symptoms are diverse. Hepatic involvement of amyloidosis rarely leads to hepatic dysfunction, threfore is not a clinical concern. We report a 54-year-old women with intestinal tuberculosis whose major symptom was watery diarrhea lasting several months. The amyloid deposits were histologically proven in the rectum of which mucosa showed redness and swelling endoscopically and hepatic involvement of amyloidosis was suspected on abdominopelvic CT scan. After anti-tuberculosis medication for 6 months, abdominopelvic CT scan showed resolution of hepatic involvement and colonoscopy revealed improvement of redness and loss of vascularity of the rectum.
Amyloidosis* ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Rectum ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis*

The secondary amyloidosis (AA type), a complication of inflammation or infection, is caused by the deposition of serum amyloid protein A in various organs. The clinical manifestations of amyloidosis are various according to involved organs. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the commonly affected organs. However, the endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal amyloidosis are nonspecific, and symptoms are diverse. Hepatic involvement of amyloidosis rarely leads to hepatic dysfunction, threfore is not a clinical concern. We report a 54-year-old women with intestinal tuberculosis whose major symptom was watery diarrhea lasting several months. The amyloid deposits were histologically proven in the rectum of which mucosa showed redness and swelling endoscopically and hepatic involvement of amyloidosis was suspected on abdominopelvic CT scan. After anti-tuberculosis medication for 6 months, abdominopelvic CT scan showed resolution of hepatic involvement and colonoscopy revealed improvement of redness and loss of vascularity of the rectum.
Amyloidosis* ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Rectum ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis*