Diabetes is one of the foremost public health issues worldwide that can lead to complications in many organ systems, and has become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea. According to data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), about 2.7 million Koreans (8.0%) aged 30 years or older had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2013. The prevalence of T2DM increased with age and rose from 5.6% in 2006 to 8.0% in 2013. Using data based on The Health Screening Service of the NHIS, 25% of Korean adults were reported to have prediabetes in 2013. The prevalence of an impaired fasting glucose tended to increase over time from 21.5% in 2006 to 25.0% in 2013. Even though nationwide health screening has been regularly conducted as a public service, the proportion of undiagnosed cases of diabetes was still reported to be on the higher side in the latest study. Based on the results of these epidemic studies, further actions will be needed to effectively implement lifestyle changes on a social level and increase measures for the early detection of diabetes to stem the tide of the epidemic.
Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Epidemiology ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; National Health Programs ; Prediabetic State ; Prevalence ; Public Health

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of kidney disease; nearly one-third of patients with diabetes develop nephropathy. Several trials assessed the effect of intensive glycemic control in diabetic patients and provided strong evidence that intensive therapy reduces the incidence and progression of diabetic nephropathy, especially microalbuminuria, an early marker of diabetic nephropathy. The presence of impaired kidney function should influence selection, dosing, and monitoring of hypoglycemic agents. This article reviews the effects of intensive glycemic control on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical use of antidiabetic therapies in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Obesity

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is expected to increase in the geriatric group with increasing incidence of diabetes with aging and improved life expectancy. Therefore, effective and safe treatment of older T2DM patients is becoming more important in clinical practice. The elderly show heterogeneous individual functional status, and some may have physical handicaps, visual defects, cognitive dysfunction, or psychological disorders such as depression. Therefore, individual approaches depending on presence and progression of geriatric syndromes, comorbidities, and risk of hypoglycemia are important in pharmacological treatment of T2DM in older patients.
Aged ; Aging ; Cognition Disorders ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy ; Prevalence

Stroke is one of the major complications of diabetes and increases morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia confers increased risk of stroke occurrence. Furthermore, cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia frequently coexist in patients with diabetes and increase the risk of stroke. Some recent cardiovascular outcome trials of newer anti-diabetic medications have shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular complications. Prevention and improving outcomes of stroke in patients with diabetes requires proper management of hyperglycemia and additional risk factors. This review is an evidence-based approach to the epidemiology, glycemic control, effects of anti-diabetic medications on stoke, and risk factor management for prevention and improving outcomes of stroke for patients with diabetes.

Whereas most people with diabetes mellitus have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, there are other inherited forms of diabetes, including single-gene forms of diabetes and rare genetic syndromes. Monogenic forms of pancreatic beta cell dysfunction include maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and neonatal diabetes, with MODY being the most common form of inherited diabetes. Mitochondrial diabetes and monogenic severe insulin resistance are also inherited forms of diabetes. In addition, more than 100 genetic diseases are known to be associated with diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of inherited diabetes has important implications for patients, allowing personalized management and screening of their relatives. This review briefly presents genetic diseases associated with diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Mass Screening

No abstract available.
Vitamin D ; Vitamins

Obesity increases the risk for heart diseases, including cardiovascular disease and heart failure. This is caused by the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, obesity itself is an independent risk factor of heart disease. However, many studies and meta-analyses have shown that higher BMI correlates with better survival among patients with heart disease, known as the obesity paradox. In this review, the complex and disparate effects of obesity on heart disease and the evidence regarding pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity-related heart disease will be discussed.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Dyslipidemias ; Glucose Intolerance ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors