PURPOSE: Caring for patients with dementia is a challenging issue entailing heavy responsibility. Many interventions for caregivers have been developed, but their effectiveness is not clear. This study aimed to examine how, why, and under what circumstances interventions for dementia caregivers affected their burden of caring. METHODS: Authors used a realist review approach to explore the evidence for how different interventions reduce the burden of dementia caregivers. We completed the literature review about the burden of dementia caregivers and extracted the theoretical concepts to explain context-mechanism-outcome configuration why an intervention may be effective in some situations and not others. Six databases were searched for experimental or quasi-experimental studies conducted from 2008 to 2017. Of 1,225 screened studies, 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS: None of the studies included all the derived contexts while explaining in detail the mechanism of the intervention effectiveness. Among contexts, the variable of other family members requiring care was not included in all studies. Among the analyzed studies, no studies have applied repeated intervention. Most studies included only some variables of context and mechanism, and these variables did not directly explain the effectiveness of intervention. The effect of outcome variables was significant for each study, and the effects of research intervention and national services could not be separately described. CONCLUSION: Authors conclude that Korean culture's emphasis on relationships with others increases the burden of care. In context, Confucian norms and traditional femininity of Korea were reflected in the core. It is necessary to check the homogeneity of participants and the design of intervention to verify the effectiveness of the outcome variable of psychological burden.
Caregivers ; Dementia ; Femininity ; Humans ; Korea ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

The National Immunization Program in The Republic of Korea offers mandatory and free vaccinations to children under 12, regulated by the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act. Tracking vaccination coverage is crucial for population protection and public health strategies. Since 2002, the Immunization Registry Information System (IRIS) has been used nationwide to capture vaccination data. This study reviewed documents related to IRIS’s establishment and development. The Republic of Korea legally supports IRIS's construction and data collection, integrating vaccination data with the Ministry of the Interior and Safety's resident registration to minimize errors. This collaboration also facilitates cost reimbursement and digital registration, promoting wider vaccination coverage. IRIS manages expense claims once vaccination details are logged, and authorized medical institutions can access these records in real-time. Since 2015, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has been compiling annual data on national vaccination coverage. IRIS also sends automated reminders in 12 languages, reports adverse effects, and issues vaccination certificates. However, IRIS lacks integration between vaccine and disease registries, unlike countries such as England, Denmark, and the Netherlands. Improving integration capabilities could enhance IRIS's support for public health through an integrated information system.

Placenta previa totalis can cause life-threatening massive postpartum hemorrhage, and careful anesthetic management is essential. Preventive uterine artery embolization (UAE) before placental expulsion was introduced to reduce postpartum bleeding in cases of placenta previa totalis. We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman (gravida 0, para 0) with placenta previa totalis and uterine myomas who underwent intraoperative UAE, which was preoperatively planned at the strong recommendation of the anesthesiologist, immediately after delivery of a fetus and before removal of the placenta during cesarean delivery under spinal-epidural anesthesia. After confirming embolization of both uterine arteries, removal of the placenta resulted in moderate bleeding. The estimated blood loss was 2.5 L, and 5 units of red blood cells were transfused. The parturient was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 4. This case shows that the bleeding risk is reduced by intraoperative UAE in a patient with placenta previa totalis, and anesthesiologists have an important role in a multidisciplinary team approach.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Cesarean Section ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fetus ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa* ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Artery ; Uterine Artery Embolization*

Placenta previa totalis can cause life-threatening massive postpartum hemorrhage, and careful anesthetic management is essential. Preventive uterine artery embolization (UAE) before placental expulsion was introduced to reduce postpartum bleeding in cases of placenta previa totalis. We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman (gravida 0, para 0) with placenta previa totalis and uterine myomas who underwent intraoperative UAE, which was preoperatively planned at the strong recommendation of the anesthesiologist, immediately after delivery of a fetus and before removal of the placenta during cesarean delivery under spinal-epidural anesthesia. After confirming embolization of both uterine arteries, removal of the placenta resulted in moderate bleeding. The estimated blood loss was 2.5 L, and 5 units of red blood cells were transfused. The parturient was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 4. This case shows that the bleeding risk is reduced by intraoperative UAE in a patient with placenta previa totalis, and anesthesiologists have an important role in a multidisciplinary team approach.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Cesarean Section ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fetus ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa* ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Artery ; Uterine Artery Embolization*

This study aims to present a novel use of coil embolization in managing postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery, a technique typically reserved for other medical complications. We report the case of a 77-year-old female patient who underwent muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi free flap surgery for recurrent myxofibrosarcoma on her left thigh. Although hemostasis was achieved hemostasis during surgery, the patient experienced postoperative bleeding, which was initially managed with compression and blood transfusions. Upon a critical drop in the hemoglobin level, coil embolization was performed at the proximal segment of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Coil embolization successfully controlled bleeding, while preserving blood flow to the flap. The patient’s hemoglobin levels stabilized, and the flap’s perfusion improved post-procedure. This approach proved effective in managing bleeding in areas other than the anastomosis site, with the patient showing a satisfactory recovery and no significant complications in the 30-day postoperative period. Coil embolization, a method commonly used for gastrointestinal bleeding and other vascular issues, can be a viable and effective option for controlling postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery. This case demonstrates its potential as a lifesaving intervention while preserving flap viability. However, further research with more cases is needed to evaluate the generalizability and long-term outcomes of this technique in similar surgical contexts.

This study aims to present a novel use of coil embolization in managing postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery, a technique typically reserved for other medical complications. We report the case of a 77-year-old female patient who underwent muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi free flap surgery for recurrent myxofibrosarcoma on her left thigh. Although hemostasis was achieved hemostasis during surgery, the patient experienced postoperative bleeding, which was initially managed with compression and blood transfusions. Upon a critical drop in the hemoglobin level, coil embolization was performed at the proximal segment of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Coil embolization successfully controlled bleeding, while preserving blood flow to the flap. The patient’s hemoglobin levels stabilized, and the flap’s perfusion improved post-procedure. This approach proved effective in managing bleeding in areas other than the anastomosis site, with the patient showing a satisfactory recovery and no significant complications in the 30-day postoperative period. Coil embolization, a method commonly used for gastrointestinal bleeding and other vascular issues, can be a viable and effective option for controlling postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery. This case demonstrates its potential as a lifesaving intervention while preserving flap viability. However, further research with more cases is needed to evaluate the generalizability and long-term outcomes of this technique in similar surgical contexts.

This study aims to present a novel use of coil embolization in managing postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery, a technique typically reserved for other medical complications. We report the case of a 77-year-old female patient who underwent muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi free flap surgery for recurrent myxofibrosarcoma on her left thigh. Although hemostasis was achieved hemostasis during surgery, the patient experienced postoperative bleeding, which was initially managed with compression and blood transfusions. Upon a critical drop in the hemoglobin level, coil embolization was performed at the proximal segment of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Coil embolization successfully controlled bleeding, while preserving blood flow to the flap. The patient’s hemoglobin levels stabilized, and the flap’s perfusion improved post-procedure. This approach proved effective in managing bleeding in areas other than the anastomosis site, with the patient showing a satisfactory recovery and no significant complications in the 30-day postoperative period. Coil embolization, a method commonly used for gastrointestinal bleeding and other vascular issues, can be a viable and effective option for controlling postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery. This case demonstrates its potential as a lifesaving intervention while preserving flap viability. However, further research with more cases is needed to evaluate the generalizability and long-term outcomes of this technique in similar surgical contexts.

This study aims to present a novel use of coil embolization in managing postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery, a technique typically reserved for other medical complications. We report the case of a 77-year-old female patient who underwent muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi free flap surgery for recurrent myxofibrosarcoma on her left thigh. Although hemostasis was achieved hemostasis during surgery, the patient experienced postoperative bleeding, which was initially managed with compression and blood transfusions. Upon a critical drop in the hemoglobin level, coil embolization was performed at the proximal segment of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Coil embolization successfully controlled bleeding, while preserving blood flow to the flap. The patient’s hemoglobin levels stabilized, and the flap’s perfusion improved post-procedure. This approach proved effective in managing bleeding in areas other than the anastomosis site, with the patient showing a satisfactory recovery and no significant complications in the 30-day postoperative period. Coil embolization, a method commonly used for gastrointestinal bleeding and other vascular issues, can be a viable and effective option for controlling postoperative bleeding after free flap surgery. This case demonstrates its potential as a lifesaving intervention while preserving flap viability. However, further research with more cases is needed to evaluate the generalizability and long-term outcomes of this technique in similar surgical contexts.

BACKGROUND: Postopertative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent and distressing side effects of surgery. Even though many drugs has been developed, PONV still remains unsolved problem. Ondansetron is a commonly used 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It acts through specific binding to the 5-HT3A, 5-HT3B receptor complex. We hypothesized that patients with genetic variation in 5-HT3A receptor might have variable incidence of PONV and respond differently to ondansetron. METHODS: We included 204 patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. PONV were documented during 24 hours after operation. Ondansetron was injected to every patient who had PONV at PACU and PONV reassessed after 15 minutes. DNA was extracted from blood and 5-HT3A Pro16Ser missense mutation was analyzed by using real-time PCR. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV were 50% for wild type, 53% for heterozygote and 0% for homozygote. There were no significant differences between wild type and heterozygote in VAS of nausea and VAS change after ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS: 5-HT3A receptor Pro16Ser polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of PONV and the response to ondansetron in Korean patients.
DNA ; Genetic Variation ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Mutation, Missense ; Nausea ; Ondansetron ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 ; Vomiting

Small-breed dogs (n = 168; weight < 15 kg) diagnosed with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration based on a routine clinical examination, radiology, electrocardiography, and echocardiography at the Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were included in this study. Survival periods were determined, and there were significant differences in survival rates among the three International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classes. The mean follow-up period was 14.3 ± 12.1 months. Univariate analysis revealed that dyspnea, pulmonary edema, and vertebral heart score were significantly associated with survival time (p < 0.05). Additionally, age, left atrial-to-aortic root ratio, ejection fraction, and left ventricular end diastolic volume were associated with an increased risk of death (p < 0.1), while body weight, body condition score, systolic blood pressure, arrhythmia, syncope, fractional shortening, and end systolic volume were not associated with an increased risk of death. These results suggest that among the assessed variables dyspnea, pulmonary edema, and vertebral heart score could be useful prognostic factors for providing patient information to owners.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Dogs* ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Mitral Valve* ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Retrospective Studies* ; Seoul ; Stroke Volume ; Survival Rate ; Syncope