PURPOSE: Muscle mass, strength, and composition determine muscle quantity and quality. However, data on muscle properties in relation to bone mass or insulin resistance are limited in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of muscle measurements in regards to their relationship with lower bone mass and insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 192 postmenopausal women (age, 72.39±6.07 years) were enrolled. We measured muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and attenuation at the gluteus maximus and quadriceps muscles through quantitative computed tomography. Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated with the hand grip test and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression were performed to evaluate the relationship between muscle properties and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) or bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS: Muscle CSA, hand grip strength, and SPPB score held positive correlations with spine and hip BMDs, but not with insulin resistance. In contrast, muscle attenuation of the gluteus maximus or quadriceps was inversely related to HOMA-IR (r=−0.194, p=0.018 and r=−0.292, p<0.001, respectively), but not BMD. Compared with the control group, muscle CSA was significantly decreased in patients with osteoporosis; however, decreased muscle attenuation, indicating high fat infiltration, was found only in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION: Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance were associated with low bone mass, and accumulation of intramuscular fat, a histological hallmark of persistently damaged muscles, may play a major role in the development of insulin resistance in Korean postmenopausal women.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Density ; Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Hip ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin ; Linear Models ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles ; Osteoporosis ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Sarcopenia ; Spine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among family functioning, empathy and aggression by high school students. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 467 high school students from M city. Data were collected from November 29 to December 7, 2012 and self-report questionnaires including a Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Indexes, and an Aggression Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects were 2nd graders (42.0%) and female (57.2%). 59.7% of the subjects had religion, 84.8% were living together with parents. The mean ages of their fathers and mothers were 49.90+/-0.20 and 46.85+/-0.19 respectively. Aggression was found to have a statistically negative correlation with family functioning and empathy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of aggression was empathic concern. Empathic concern, family cohesiveness, perspective taking, personal distress and gender accounted for 16.7% of the variances. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide aggressiveness reduction programs for high school students that consider their family functioning and empathy.
Aggression* ; Empathy* ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Acyclovir* ; Necrosis*

BACKGROUND:Acute vestibular neuronitis is the disease of which the etiology and pathophysiology are largely unknown . But the viral infection and ischemia of the labyrinth and the vestibular nerve are considered as general etiology. This study was performed to support the viral infection rather than the ischemic theory. MATERIALS & METHODS:We studied seventy years old female patient who showed painful vesicles on left auricle and vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus to the right side. We performed physical examination, serologic test, ENG test, pure tone audiogram, brain magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:We found small vesicles and vascular injection in left EAC, herpes zoster IgG positive, spontaneous right beating in electronystagmograpy, 54% left canal paresis in Caloric test , decreasing left side Tc in velocity step rotatory test, decresed gain, deviation to left in symmetry and phase lead in sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test, normal range hearing in pure tone audiogram, microangiopathy on cortex in brain MRI and negative PCR. CONCLUSION:This case supports viral infection etiology rather than ischemia in vestibular neuritis. But more studies to find the etiology of vestibular neuronitis are required.
Acceleration ; Brain ; Caloric Tests ; Ear, Inner ; Female ; Hearing ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpes Zoster Oticus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresis ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reference Values ; Serologic Tests ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis

In order to evaluate the the effectiveness of low-dose longterm Vibramycin (Doxycycline) treatment on Acne Vulgaris, a double-blind study was performed on fifty two patients with Acne Vulgaris. The patients were classified as to the severi.ty of their disease before treatment according to Wand. et al. The degree of the effcctiveness of the treatment was evaluated every other week for 12 weeks on the grounds of clinical improvement. The therapeutic results obtaincd were as follovs: araong the 19 patients who received 50 mg per day for 12 weeks, 13 cases (72.2%) showed excellent improverrent after 6 weeks; whereas in thc placebo group only 4 out of 15 patients (26. 7%) showed good response, Statistical analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in effectiveness between the Vibrarzycin 50mg per day group and the placebo group. Among the 19 patient who received a 100mg capsile orally per day for 4 weeks (subsequently this group received 50mg per day for 8 weeks) 13 cases.(68.4%) showed excellent improvement in 4 weeks; whereas in the placebo group only 4 cases(26, 7%) showed good respnnse Statistical analysis of this data revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0. 05) in efectivencess the Vibramycin 100mg per day group and the placebo group, It was noted that 44 out of 52 patients (83%) had a distinct family history of the disease, suggesting that there might be a predisposing hereditary factor involvcd in the manifestation of Acne Vulgaris It is concluded f rom this study that Vibramycin, when administrated in a dose of 50mg per day for more than 6 weeks is effective in the treatment of Acne Vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Double-Blind Method* ; Doxycycline* ; Dronabinol ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation for general anesthesia often leads to trauma of the airway mucosa, resulting in postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. Numerous studies have investigated the factors as contributing causes, but the influence of method of anesthesia induction and time for extubation of the endotracheal tube has not been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of the methods of anesthesia induction and timing of extubation on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. METHODS: Eighty patients with ASA physical status 1 or 2 were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 patients (n=20) recieved succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg for intubation and early extubated ; group 2 patients (n=20) recieved succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg for intubation and lately extubated ; group 3 patients (n=20) recieved pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg for intubation and early extubated ; group 4 patients (n=20) recieved pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg for intubation and lately extubated. All patients were interviewed 6, 24, 48, and 72 hrs after operation by an anesthesiologist in a double-blind manner. RESULTS: The incidence of sore throat at postoperative 6 and 24 hrs were decreased in group 3 compaired with group 1, 2, and 4 (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of sore throat at postoperative 6 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 1, 2 and 4 (p<0.05), and that of postoperative 24 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 1 and 2 (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of hoarseness at postoperative 6 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that postoperative sore throat and hoarseness may be developed more when extubation was perfomed lately than early. Therefore, early extubation provide advantage in terms of reducing sore throat and hoarseness in limited cases of anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Hoarseness* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Mucous Membrane ; Pancuronium ; Pharyngitis* ; Succinylcholine

Potentially, some donor site complications are associated with the harvesting of autogenous tricortical iliac bone grafts for anterior spinal fusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the anterior iliac crest reconstruction after harvesting autogenous iliac grafts for anterior spinal fusion. We devided into two groups : the study group were the anterior iliac crest reconstruction in 57 patients with minimal twelve months follow up period, the control group were not the anterior iliac crest reconstruction in 21 patients who could not obtain the rib from retroperitoneal approach. The average follow up was obtained at 43.3 months(12 to 72 months) in study group, at 41.6 months(12 to 60 months) in control group. The study group had a tendency to improve the donor site pain after incorporation of the rib graft and the control group tend to remain the donor site pain till late especially in the thinner group and combined disease group. In residual deformity of the donor site, the study group was superior to the control group. Residual deformity of the study group was associated with the complications such as displacement and resorption of the grafts. Cosmetic residual deformity tends to be higher in the thinner group. Radiographically all rib gragts incorporated in situ in 51 patients despite of some cases of migration(Average 11 weeks and 4 days) and clinical results did not affect by biological behavior of rib grafts on the follow up radiogram. The authors attempted anterior iliac crest reconstruction using the implants (Mennen plate in 3 patients, threaded pin in 3 patients) after large harvesting of autogenous tricortical graft in 6 patients who could not obtain the rib from retroperitoneal approach or could not fit the rib too the defect. In those cases the results were satisfactory clinically. These results suggest anterior iliac crest reconstruction can minimize painful deformity after the harvesting of autogenous tricortical iliac grafts for anterior spinal fusion.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ribs ; Spinal Fusion ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), which is the most common type of ALL, has an excellent prognosis with long-term event-free survival of 90%.The malignancy has several genetic abnormalities that may influence patient prognosis. Rearrangements of the three immunoglobulin genes IGK (2p12), IGH (14q32), and IGL (22q11) are often seen, especially in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but recombination of these genes are uncommon. The translocation, t(14;22)(q32;q11) has been reported in only 9 B-cell leukemia/lymphoma cases, but there has been no report about the clinical feature and prognosis of BCP-ALL with t(14;22)(q32;q11). In this paper, we describe the first pediatric case of BCP-ALL with t(14;22)(q32;q11) who presented with a very high white blood cell (WBC) count. He achieved cytogenetic complete remission after induction chemotherapy, and negative minimal residual disease (MRD) at the end of consolidation.

The term dilated(congestive) cardiomyopathy refers to a variety of cardiac disorders that have in common ventricular dilation and reduced myocardial contractility, and is derived from the common late clinical manifestation of congestive heart failure. Since echocardiography can evaluate several aspects of anatomical structures and cardiac function, it has provide a valuable contribution to the understanding of ventricular function and diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study is to perform the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in 44 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and to compare the patients with normal individuals. The patients, 24 males and 20 females, had a mean age of 53.0 and body surface area of 1.61m2. Normal individuals as a control group, 10 males and 10 females, had a mean age of 47.2 and body surface area of 1.67m2. Among 44 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 22 cases had a history of heart failure and in 15 cases systolic murmur was heard at the apex. The cardiothoracic ratio was 0.7+/-0.1 on chest X-ray which showed significant difference when compared to normal control group, being 0.4+/-0.1(p<0.01) One case showed left ventricular thrombus and in 8 cases small mounts of pericardial effusion were noted. Among the 44 patients two had uremia, one had a history of myocarditis, one patient was young female whose illness began during the peripartum period and one had a diabetes mellitus. Results obtained were as follows; 1) Mitral valve echocardiogram (1) DE amplitude and EF slope of mitral valve(16.5+/-3.3mm and 83.5+/-3.65mm/sec respectively) showed significant decrease when compared to normal control group (20.1+/-3.0 mm and 102.4+/-28.9 mm/sec respectively) (p<0.01 and p<0.05). (2) EPSS (25.5+/-7.6mm) and the distance between posterior cusp of mitral valve and left ventricular posterior wall (9.1+/-2.1mm) showed significant increase (p<0.01) when compared to normal control group (7.1+/-2.1mm and 5.9+/-1.2mm). The ratio of the separation of two mitral leaflets to the left ventrticular diastolic dimension (0.4+/-0.1) showed significant showed significant decrease in patients when compared to normal control group (p<0.01) (3) Among 44 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 12 cases showed B-notch in mitral valve. 2) Echocardiographic findings of aortic valve. Left atrial size was markedly increased (37.7+/-7.5mm) when compared to nomal control group (29.1+/-4.9) (p<0.01). The ratio of left atrial size to aortic dimension was 1.3+/-0.3, showing significant increase when compared to normal control group (0.99+/-0.3) (<0.01). And 4 cases showed systolic notch in aortic valves. 3) Echocardiographic findings of left ventrcle and ventricular septum. (1) Left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions (41.8+/-7.8mm/m2 and 36.7+/-7.2mm/m2) were markedly increased in patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, when compared to normal control group (30.4+/-2.6mm/m2 and 11.4+/-3.2mm/m2) (p<0.1, both). Left ventricular diastolic and systolic volume (181.5+/-91.0ml/m2 and 136.6+/-69.7ml/m2) were also significantly higher in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy when compared to normal control group (79.1+/-23.8mm/m2 and 19.4+/-2.5ml/m2) (p<0.01, both). (2) Ejection fraction (0.32+/-0.10) percent fractional shortening (12.3+/-4.6) and mVcf (0.5+/-0.2 cric/sec) showed significant decrease in patients when compared to normal control group (0.74+/-0.05, 34.6+/-6.7 and 1.4+/-0.2) (p<0.01, all). Thus, We could find the reduced myocardial contractility in dilated cardiomyopathy. (3) Systolic amplitudes of venticular septum (LSa) and ventricular posterior wall (Ena) were markedly decreased (p<0.01). The sum of both values (LSa+ENa) also showed significant decrease (12.0+/-4.2mm) when compared to normal control group (p<0.01) (4) Thickness of ventricular septum and ventricular posterior wall showed slight increase in patients, but there was no significant changes when compared to normal group. 4) Systolic time interval Echocardiograms showed significant increase in ratio of preejection period to ejection time, when compared to normal group (p<0.01). Thus, the author observed that in dilated cardiomyopathy the contractility of left ventricle was significantly reduced and the left ventricular diameter and diastolic volume of left ventricle showed marked increase. And also the decreased motions of ventricular septum and posterior wall of left ventricle were noted.
Aortic Valve ; Body Surface Area ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Myocarditis ; Pericardial Effusion ; Peripartum Period ; Systole ; Systolic Murmurs ; Thorax ; Thrombosis ; Uremia ; Ventricular Function ; Ventricular Function, Left* ; Ventricular Septum