No Abstract Available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament*

No abstract available.
Hip*

Purpose: The electronic frailty index (eFI), which is derived from electronic health records, has been recommended as screening tool for frailty due to its accessibility and ease of use. The objective of this systematic review was to identify the prevalence of frailty assessed by the eFI and its influence on health outcomes in older adults with chronic diseases. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Google search, and nursing journals in Korean from January 2016 to December 2022. Results: Twelve studies were analyzed. The eFI score, based on routine clinical data, was associated with adverse health outcomes. The most frequent outcome studied was mortality, and the eFI was associated with increased mortality in nine studies. Other outcomes studied included hospitalization, length of stay, readmission, and institutionalization in relation to hospital care usage, and cardiovascular events, stroke, GI bleeding, falls, and instrumental activities of daily life as health conditions. Conclusion Early identification of frailty in older adults with chronic diseases can decrease the burden of disease and adverse health outcomes. The eFI has a good discriminative capacity to identify frail older adults with chronic diseases.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria, sometimes also called erythrohepitic protoporphyria or simple protoporphyria, is a heritable detect of heme synthesis in which the last enzyme of the heme synthetic pathway, ferrochelatase(or heme synthetase), is functioning subopt,imally. A 23-year-old male has experi nced erythema and edema on the fae and hands during or immediately after sun exposure, since 3 years of age. The skin lesions have been accompanied by severe itching, a buring sensation and pain. Severe episodes were followed hy head iche and vomiting. We have seen a case of erythropoietic protoporphyria presenting clinically and histo athologically, wit.h a skin lesion on the sun exposured area, and free erthrocyte protoporphyrin serologically.
Edema ; Erythema ; Hand ; Head ; Heme ; Humans ; Male ; Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic* ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Skin ; Solar System ; Vomiting ; Young Adult

Diabetic nephropathy, the leading cause of end stage renal disease in many countries, is pathologically characterized by glomerular and tubular hypertrophy, extracellular matrix accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and podocytopenia associated with foot process effacement, which eventually results in glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy comprises both metabolic and hemodynamic factors related to diabetes. Hemodynamic factors include intraglomerular hypertension which is associated with the activation of both systemic and local renin-angiotensin system. Hyperglycemia per se, advanced glycation end-products and glucose-dependent aldose reductase pathways, as metabolic factors, is also known to contribute to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. All of these factors induce various cytokines and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways such as protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase, ultimately leading to diabetic nephropathy.
Aldehyde Reductase ; Atrophy ; Cytokines ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Extracellular Matrix ; Foot ; Hemodynamics ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein Kinases ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Signal Transduction

Diabetic nephropathy, the leading cause of end stage renal disease in many countries, is pathologically characterized by glomerular and tubular hypertrophy, extracellular matrix accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and podocytopenia associated with foot process effacement, which eventually results in glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy comprises both metabolic and hemodynamic factors related to diabetes. Hemodynamic factors include intraglomerular hypertension which is associated with the activation of both systemic and local renin-angiotensin system. Hyperglycemia per se, advanced glycation end-products and glucose-dependent aldose reductase pathways, as metabolic factors, is also known to contribute to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. All of these factors induce various cytokines and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways such as protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase, ultimately leading to diabetic nephropathy.
Aldehyde Reductase ; Atrophy ; Cytokines ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Extracellular Matrix ; Foot ; Hemodynamics ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein Kinases ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Signal Transduction

The distribution of glycogen, polysaccharide, mucopolysaccharide, lipid and nucleic acid has been studied in Echinorhynchus gadi(Acanthocephala). The results were summarized as follows: Glycogen and polysaccharide was demonstrated by Bauer PAS reaction technique and was found in fertilization membrane in ovum, central nuclear mass in acanthor and lemnisci, hypodermis in cystacanth. Mucopolysaccharide was demonstrated by Mowry alcian blue staining technique and was found in outer membrane, fibrillar coat, fertilization membrane and inner membrane in acanthocephalan ova. Lipid was demonstrated by Smith Nile blue stain and Lison Sudan black B staining technique and was found roughly parallel to that of polysaccharide. Nucleic acid was demonstrated by Rosenbeck Feulgen reaction, Taft methylgreen-pyronin stain and Diengdoh acridine orange staining technique and found in central nuclear mass in acanthor, also, was found in lemnisci, proboscis and hypodermis in cystacanth.
parasitology-Acanthocephala ; histochemistry ; Echinorhynchus gadi ; glycogen ; mucopolysaccharide ; lipid ; nucleic acid

Arteries originating from the celiac axis have numerous anatomical variations. When performing interventional and surgical procedures, it is important to be aware of these variations to have better outcomes and to prevent iatrogenic complications. We report on a case of a 62-year-old man who came to our institution to receive transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. The computed tomography and angiography revealed a rare anatomic variation: the entire left gastric artery originated from the left hepatic artery with no other accessory feature of the left gastric artery from celiac axis or aorta was seen. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the entirely replaced left gastric artery from the left hepatic artery that was confirmed by utilizing both computed tomographic and angiographic images.

No abstract available.
Hip*

Background: Although ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice, educational opportunities for medical students, particularly those in neurology, remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of neurological US education on first-year medical students and provide insights for future curriculum development. Methods: A prospective, single-center study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 involving 231 first-year medical students over two years at the Chungnam National University College of Medicine. The sessions on Transcranial Doppler and carotid Doppler included a 30 minutes lecture, a 30 minutes demonstration by a neurology specialist, and optional hands-on practice, respectively. A post-session survey assessed students’ feedback, preferences, and willingness to engage in US education. For the analysis, the Likert-scale responses were dichotomized into positive and negative responses, and comparisons between years were conducted using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Over 80% of students found the sessions helpful in understanding anatomy and physiology. Student interest in US education significantly increases from 2022 to 2023 (80.5% vs. 92.4%, p=0.013), along with overall satisfaction (82.5% vs. 96.2%, p<0.001). Students preferred optional programs and instructions from specialists or residents. The demand for expanded US education showed an increasing trend (68.0–78.1%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Neurological US education positively affects student learning and motivates students to use US in future practice. This study highlights the importance of neurological US education and provides insights for the development of future specialized curricula in neurology.