Injuries and pains of musculoskeletal joint in human body is common onset in industrialized world. However, muscle fatigue plays a very significant role in contributing causes of many pains associated with musculoskeletal joints. Based on this hypothesis, degree of muscle fatigue was investigated using electromyography measurement technique during isometric and concentric/eccentric muscle contractions. Different response of the muscle fatigue between two different muscle contractions (isometric and concentric/eccentric contractions) was examined by comparison of parameters which were median frequency, median power and RMS value. Healthy 16 young persons without previous musculoskeletal diesease history were tested with Noraxon Myosystem 2000 EMG measurement system. In this study, two different exercises were performed. First exercise was concentric/eccentric exercise. Second exercise was isometric muscle contraction. In the case of the isometric exercise, median frequency was decreased, but median power and RMS were increased. However, during the concentric/eccentric exercse, median frequency was increased, but median power and RMS were decreased. Both of those revealed that the pattern of the median frequency was W type, but median power and RMS were M type as time passed. In this study, the patterns of the muscle fatigue during concentric/eccentric exercise as well as isometric exercise were identified. It will be helpful to prevent musculoskeletal injury from over-working andexercising.
Electromyography* ; Exercise ; Human Body ; Humans ; Joints ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fatigue*

No abstract available.
Uterus*

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term results of intravitreal bevacizumab injection for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Fifty-six eyes with macular edema secondary to BRVO were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection. They were classified into two groups, one group that received three initial intravitreal bevacizumab loadings at monthly intervals and a second group that received only one initial injection. In the two groups, additive injection was performed at recurrence. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal ischemic change was analyzed for more than 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: After 12 months of follow-up, mean BCVA improved and mean CMT reduced significantly in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the range of BCVA improvement and CMT reduction was wider in the three-injection group than in the single-injection group. Fluorescein angiography revealed posterior retinal ischemic changes; bevacizumab didn't seem to aggravate the ischemic change. No drug-related ocular or systemic side effects were observed in the follow-up period after intravitreal bevacizumab treatment except subconjunctival hemorrhage and a mild increase of intraocular pressure. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO, intravitreal bevacizumab injection was a safe and effective treatment, and a more significant visual improvement and reduction of macular edema was achieved after three initial loadings rather than after a single injection.
Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Edema* ; Recurrence ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma(Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung) is a rare pulmonary malignancy, which is defined as having an admixtture of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Pulmonary carcinosarcoma occurs most frequentlly in males between 50 and 80 years of age. It predominantly affects the upper lobe and/or the principal bronchi, and is associated with a history of smoking. Here, we report a case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma with a left lobe atelectasis due to an endobronchial mass in a 56-year-old male. After a left pneumonectomy, the pathologic stage was IIb (T3N0M0). Four months later, an abdominal mass was observed and exploratory laparotomy revealed metastases of the pulmonary carcinosarcoma to the pelvic cavity.
Bronchi ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonectomy* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pneumonectomy*

PURPOSE: To report a case of retrobulbar hematoma within the lateral rectus muscle which resulted in sight-threatening complication. METHODS: A 40-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of painless mass and exophthalmos. Exicional biopsy via lateral orbitotomy and direct decompression of the muscle were performed to the diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: After decompression, improvement of the exophthalmos was achieved. This case illustrated a potentially serious complication of retrobulbar hematoma following minor periorbital trauma. The successful outcome may be achieved by rapid diagnosis and intervention.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Exophthalmos ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship between goodness-of-fit for mother-preschool child dyads and parenting stress experienced by the mother. METHODS: Study participants were 500 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of ten kindergartens or infant schools in M City or B City. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Comparison of goodness-of-fit scores for mother-preschool child dyad according to the characteristics of the participants, showed a significant difference according to child's age, gender, and birth order, mother's education and occupation, father's age and education, family income, and the chief caregiver in the family. There was a positive correlation between goodness-of-fit scores for mother-child dyad and parenting stress scores for mothers. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate a need to identify differences between children's behavioral problems and parenting styles according to the degree of discord in the mother-child temperaments. It is also necessary to develop and apply nursing programs to promote harmonizing of temperaments, programs in which the characteristics of the child and the mother are considered.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Birth Order ; Child Care ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*psychology ; *Parenting ; *Stress, Psychological

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*