In the present study, we examined to determine the development of various lymphoid tissue including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), thymus, lymph node and liver. In order to investigate the relationship between the morphological events and the expression pattern of MIC2 antigen (CD99) during the development of lymphoid system, we performed the immunohistochemical study using DN16, a monoclonal antibody against MIC2 (CD99), on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lymphoid sections in 68 human embryos and fetuses, between 5 and 39 gestational week (GW). Four neonates, an infant, and 5 adults are also included. CD99 has been expressed along the membrane of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells for 10-28 GW, in when the liver the major site of hematopoiesis. In the thymus, CD99 was firstly detected in the presumptive epitheial cells at 10 GW. When the thymus matured and corticomedullary differentiation appeared, CD99 was exclusively expressed in cortical thymocytes. The CD99 expression in epithelial cells of MALT has initiated at 6 GW and 10 GW earlier than that at the onset of MALT development and its expression has been persisted during MALT formation especially 16-25 GW. The finnding that CD99 antigen was expressed in epithelial cells during the development of MALT rnight provide a means to identify a novel epithelial differentiated substance. In addition, endothelial cells that are present in various organs such as liver and small intestine concurrently expressed CD99 antigen and its expression persisted to late fetal period. This point rnight suggest that CD99 antigen regulate the irnigration of lymphocytes from liver, major hematopoietic organ, to thymus or peripheral lyrnphoid organ via the interaction between endothelial cells and lymphocytes.
Adult ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Fetus* ; Hematopoiesis ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestine, Small ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Membranes ; Thymocytes ; Thymus Gland

Glomus tumor is well recognized and documented lesion which usually presents as painful dermal nodules in fingers. The tumor results from hypertrophy of a glomus, which is a normal structure of the skin, a coiled arterioyenous shunt regulating body temperature. Glomus tumor may occur at any age but is most frequent in the middle age of life. Pain, tenderness and cold sensitivity are the classic triad of symptoms. Complete surgical exision is the treatment of choice for glomus tumors. Successful removal of tumor leads to complete relief of pain and return to normal function. We report 4 cases of subungual glomus tumor successfully treated by complete exision with review of literatures.
Body Temperature ; Fingers ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Skin

PURPOSE: To evaluate the nephrotoxicity of Gd-DTPA in rats with normal renal function and in those with acute renal failure, using 0.1mmol/kg and 0.3mmol/kg in each group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rats weighing 200-250gm were divided into two groups: normal (N) and glycerol induced acute renal failure (F) ; this was inducedby intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol(10ml/kg). Each group was divided into three subgroups; subgroup 1 was given physiologic saline (0.15 M NaCl) via the tail vein, while subgroups 2 and 3 were given 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPAand 0.3mmol/kg Gd-DTPA, respectively. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected before and on the first and secondday after intravenous injection of either physiologic saline or Gd-DTPA. In order to obtain pathologic specimens, two additional rats in each group underwent the same experimental procedure, and on the first or second day after intravenous injection of saline or Gd-DTPA, both kidneys were removed for light microscopic examination. Serum creatinine (Cr), urine creatinine, and several urinary enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), N-acetyl-Beta-glucosaminidase (Beta-NAG) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of 24 hour urine were measured, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) was calculated. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. In the groupwith normal renal function, levels of serum creatinine and urinary enzymes remained unchanged after infusion of 0.1mmol/kg Gd-DTPA or 0.3mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. 2. Among rats with acute renal failure, no difference in serum creatinine and urinary enzyme levels between the saline injection group and 0.1mmol/kg Gd-DTPA injection group was noted. 3. Among rats with acute uremia, Beta-NAG, LDH and ALP were significantly higher on post-injection days 1 and 2 in the 0.3mmol/kg Gd-DTPA injection group than in the physiologic saline or 0.1mmol/kg Gd-DTPA injection group.4. Light microscopic exammination of rats with normal renal function after Gd-DTPA injection revealed no significant pathologic change. Those with acute renal failure rats revealed some degree of vacuolization and/or necrosis of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. No difference was found, however, between the saline and Gd-DTPA injection subgroups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Gd-DTPA was safe in rats with normal renal function, even when the dose was tripled (0.3mmol/kg), and was safe in those with acute renal failure when the standard dose (0.1mmol/kg) was given. In this latter group, however, a triple dose induced some renal damage.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Creatinine ; Epithelial Cells ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Glycerol ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney* ; Necrosis ; Oxidoreductases ; Rats* ; Transferases ; Uremia ; Veins

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery* ; Takayasu Arteritis*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to examine effects of sense of calling, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on retention intention in nurses who are at the advanced beginner-stage. METHODS: Participants were 199 nurses with 13 to 36 months' clinical career at hospital located in Busan, Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and Multiple regression. RESULTS: Retention intention correlated positively with sense of calling (r=.43, p<.001), job satisfaction (r=.31, p<.001) and organizational commitment (r=.31, p<.001). Factors affecting the participants' retention intention were found to be statistically significant (F=21.96, p<.001). Total factor score accounted for 24.1% of retention intention. Out of the related factors, the most influential factor was 'goals/meaning', belonging to the sub-areas of the sense of calling and explaining 18.2% of retention intention, followed by organizational commitment and average monthly income in that order. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a need to develop a management program that helps promote retention intention for nurses at the advanced beginner-stage by both improving their monthly income and outside conditions and, more importantly, raising their sense of calling, especially in association with the goals/meaning of their life.
Busan ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Korea

We report a case of gastro-colic fistula caused by ectopic gastric mucosa developed at transverse colon. Fistula was detected by colonofiberscopy. And fistulous tract was proved by barium enema. Meckel's diverticulum scan finding was similar to that of GI bleeding; e.g. injected radioactivity was secreted into the lumen and moved along the lumen. There was no bleeding. And there was no diverticulum in the colon. Absence of diverticular pouch may explain this unusuaal GI bleeding-like scan finding rather than focal collection of radioactivity, which is typical of ectopic gastric mucosa found in the Meckel's diverticulum. Ectopic gastric mucosa was confirmed by colonfiberscopic biopsy. We suggest GI bleeding-like pictures should be included differential diagnosis of Tc-99m-O4 (ectopic gastric mucosa or Meckel's diverticulum) scan.
Barium ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulum ; Enema ; Fistula* ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Hemorrhage ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m*

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Metallothionein* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the clear concept of organizational commitment for effective nursing personnel management. METHOD: This study was conducted using Walker & Avant's conceptual analysis framework(2005). RESULTS: Organizational commitment was identified with six attributes: acknowledgment, acceptance, trust, sacrifice, attachment, regulation. Antecedents of organizational commitment were personal characteristics, perceived organizational support, empowerment, fair compensation, job satisfaction, job autonomy, organizational culture, and leadership. Consequences of organizational commitment were turnover intention, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. CONCLUSION: Organization commitment is a core concept for understanding the management of nursing personnel. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept of organizational commitment including six attributes need to be developed.
Compensation and Redress ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Leadership ; Nursing* ; Organizational Culture ; Personnel Management ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: To analyze CT and follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with necrotizing pneumonia and to evaluate clinical significance of the extent of necrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records and retrospectively analysed CT scans and follow-up chest radiographs of 22 patients with necrotizing pneumonia, confirmed by biopsy(n=7) and culture (n=15). Inclusion criteria for necrotizing pneumonia was necrotic low attenuation, with or without cavitation on postcontrast enhanced CT scan. The study group included 15 men and seven women, aged 11-66 years (average: 47years). RESULTS: The pathogens of necrotizing pneumonia were Klebsiella spp(n=7), Enterobacter spp(n=5), Actinomyces spp(n=4), Pseudomonas spp(n=4), Nocardia spp(n=4), and others(n=5). Average duration of pneumonia was 4.1 months. On CT scan, pneumonic consolidations were well-marginated in 14 patients and there were cavities on initial CT scan in 16 cases. Margins of the necrotic portion on CT scan were well-demarcated in majority of the patients(16/22). Low attenuation areas on initial CT scan resulted in cavitation, fibrosis and volume loss as shown on follow-up chest radiographs. The larger the necrotic areas on CT, the more the volume loss was. CONCLUSION: CT findings of necrotizing pneumonia were well-marginated air-space consolidation with low attenuation area, with or without cavity. The extent of necrotic area was closely related with the degree of fibrotic change later on. CT is important tool for diagnosis and prediction of parenchymal damage in necrotizing pneumonia.
Actinomyces ; Diagnosis ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Nocardia ; Pneumonia* ; Pseudomonas ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To analyze CT and follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with necrotizing pneumonia and to evaluate clinical significance of the extent of necrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records and retrospectively analysed CT scans and follow-up chest radiographs of 22 patients with necrotizing pneumonia, confirmed by biopsy(n=7) and culture (n=15). Inclusion criteria for necrotizing pneumonia was necrotic low attenuation, with or without cavitation on postcontrast enhanced CT scan. The study group included 15 men and seven women, aged 11-66 years (average: 47years). RESULTS: The pathogens of necrotizing pneumonia were Klebsiella spp(n=7), Enterobacter spp(n=5), Actinomyces spp(n=4), Pseudomonas spp(n=4), Nocardia spp(n=4), and others(n=5). Average duration of pneumonia was 4.1 months. On CT scan, pneumonic consolidations were well-marginated in 14 patients and there were cavities on initial CT scan in 16 cases. Margins of the necrotic portion on CT scan were well-demarcated in majority of the patients(16/22). Low attenuation areas on initial CT scan resulted in cavitation, fibrosis and volume loss as shown on follow-up chest radiographs. The larger the necrotic areas on CT, the more the volume loss was. CONCLUSION: CT findings of necrotizing pneumonia were well-marginated air-space consolidation with low attenuation area, with or without cavity. The extent of necrotic area was closely related with the degree of fibrotic change later on. CT is important tool for diagnosis and prediction of parenchymal damage in necrotizing pneumonia.
Actinomyces ; Diagnosis ; Enterobacter ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Nocardia ; Pneumonia* ; Pseudomonas ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed