To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, t-test and x2 test were performed and for the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakage programme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and high density lipoprotein of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity (body mass index > or =25 kg/m2), abnormal glucose (> or = 120 mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia (> or =240 mg/dl), lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol (> or =160mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (> or =250 mg/dl) in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. And BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confedence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87); among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94); and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias* ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension* ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Urban Population*

The double-chambered right ventricle is congenital or acquired cardiac anomaly, which is characterized by aberrent hypertrophied muscular bands that divide the right ventriclar cavity into two different pressure chamber. This anomaly can complicate the natural history of patient with isolated ventricular septal defect. We experienced two cases of cases of acquired DCRV, which confirmed by two separate cardiac catherterization and angiography. The purpose of this report is to show that the aberrant muscular bands may be nonobstructive in early infancy and that the obstructive effect is developed with time as the bands become progressively more hypertrophied.
Angiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Ventricles* ; Humans ; Natural History

No abstract available.
Angiography ; Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

Nucleolar organizer regions are DNA loops encoding rihbosomal RNA production and detectable by the argyrophilia of their associated proteins(AgNORs). AgNOR numbers correlate with cellular proliferating activity. Many studies have shown a significnt difference in AgNOR counts between benign and malignant tumors. AgNOR counts were also helpful in differential diagnosis. For the evaluation of its diagnostic utility in gastric lesions, a silver staining technique was carried out in paraffin sections of 5 control cases, 5 benign peptic ulcers, 7 hyperplastic polyps, 10 tubular adenomas, 16 early gastric adenocarcinomas and 15 advanced gastric adenocarcinomas. The results were as follows. The mean numbers of AgNORs in early and advanced gastric adenocarcinomas(1.94 and 2.16) were significantly higher than those of normal foveolar epithelium(1.43) and epithelia of benign gastric ulcers(1.54), hyperplastic polyps(1.64) and tubular adenomas(1.79). In malignancy, there was increased variability in size and shape of AgNORs. There was little differences in mean AgNOR numbers between early and advanced gastric adenocarcinomas. Differentiation of the tumor made no difference in AgNOR numbers. From the above results, the AgNORs count, if its morphologic change are taken into consideration, is helpful in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: The saddle block with heavy bupivacaine is confinal to the lower lumbar and sacral dermatomes. We reduced the infusion dose of bupivacaine to confine the blocked area to the perineum, and evaluated intrathecal bupivacaine with intrathecal bupivacaine and tramadol or clonidine for their anesthetic and analgesic effect in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Sixty patients (ASA I - II, aged 20 to 55) scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were divided into three groups. We gave a 0.2 ml placebo (0.9% normal saline) in the control group (n = 20), 0.2 ml tramadol (10 mg) in the tramadol group, and 0.2 ml clonidine (50 microgram) in the clonidine group (n = 20) intrathecally 1 minute after saddle block with 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2 mg. We compared the effects of the sensory and motor blocks by using the analgesic time and the degree of anal relaxation and the side effects. RESULTS: The analgesic time was greater in the tramadol group than is the control group (P < 0.05), and in the clonidine group if was group then in the tramadol group (P < 0.05) and the control group (P< 0.01). Anal relaxation for hemorrhoidectomy in the tramadol group and the clonidine group was better than that of the control group. The incidence of paresthesia of the foot in the clonidine group (n = 16) was higher than in tramadol group (n = 3) and the control group (n = 1) (P < 0.01). The incidence of patients with urinary retention was significantly lower in the control group than in the tramadol group (n = 3) and the clonidine group (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: Both bupivacaine 2 mg with tramadol and clonidine were efficient in hemorhoidectomy provided good conditions for hemorhoidectomy.
Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Foot ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Paresthesia ; Perineum ; Relaxation ; Tramadol* ; Urinary Retention

BACKGROUND: The saddle block with heavy bupivacaine is confinal to the lower lumbar and sacral dermatomes. We reduced the infusion dose of bupivacaine to confine the blocked area to the perineum, and evaluated intrathecal bupivacaine with intrathecal bupivacaine and tramadol or clonidine for their anesthetic and analgesic effect in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Sixty patients (ASA I - II, aged 20 to 55) scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were divided into three groups. We gave a 0.2 ml placebo (0.9% normal saline) in the control group (n = 20), 0.2 ml tramadol (10 mg) in the tramadol group, and 0.2 ml clonidine (50 microgram) in the clonidine group (n = 20) intrathecally 1 minute after saddle block with 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2 mg. We compared the effects of the sensory and motor blocks by using the analgesic time and the degree of anal relaxation and the side effects. RESULTS: The analgesic time was greater in the tramadol group than is the control group (P < 0.05), and in the clonidine group if was group then in the tramadol group (P < 0.05) and the control group (P< 0.01). Anal relaxation for hemorrhoidectomy in the tramadol group and the clonidine group was better than that of the control group. The incidence of paresthesia of the foot in the clonidine group (n = 16) was higher than in tramadol group (n = 3) and the control group (n = 1) (P < 0.01). The incidence of patients with urinary retention was significantly lower in the control group than in the tramadol group (n = 3) and the clonidine group (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: Both bupivacaine 2 mg with tramadol and clonidine were efficient in hemorhoidectomy provided good conditions for hemorhoidectomy.
Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Foot ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Paresthesia ; Perineum ; Relaxation ; Tramadol* ; Urinary Retention

Effects of Ultratiolet (UV) light was studied in isolated thoracic aortae of rabbits and porcine coronary arteries. The following results were obtained. 1) Radiation of UV light did not affect both arterial rings in resting tension. 2) Both arterial preparations contracted with various vasoconstrictors (KCI,NE,PE,BayK 8644 and (+S202 etc.) were relaxed by UV light radiation in a radiation time-dependent fashion. 3) The magnitudes of the relaxation were not significantly different in both the rings with or without intact endothelium. 4) MB and LY markedldy reduced the UV light-induced relaxation in both the rings. 5) PP significantly attenuated the UV light-induced relaxation of rabbit thoracic aorta, but did not affect that of porcine coronary artery. 6) The UV Light-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery was significantly attenuated by DT or NF, while that of rabbit thoracic aorta was not. 7) (+)S202 significantly potentiated the UV light-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery contracted with KCI or Hist. Above results suggest that the UV light-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscles is independent on the endothelium, and the relaxation results from primarily activation of guanylyl cyclase and is in part related to adenylyl cyclase and calcium metabolism. In adddition, a dihydropyridine calcium agonist, (+)S202, may sensitize vascular smooth muscle to the relaxing effect of UV light through some unknown mechanism.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Calcium* ; Coronary Vessels ; Endothelium ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

BACKGROUND: Infection with respiratory virus has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. However, the role of a respiratory virus in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma and/or wheezing in young children has not been clearly defined. The objective of this study was to determine whether respiratory virus infections such as RSV, and influenza A virus are related to the productions of IL-11, IFN-gamma, and ECP levels in nasopharyngeal secretions. METHOD: We compared IL-11, IFN-gamma, and ECP levels in nasopharyngeal secretions from 38 non-asthmatic wheezing children with viral infections (RSV in 21 children, influenza A virus in 17 children), and 16 non-asthmatic healthy children who were included as the controls. IL-11, and IFN-gamma levels were analysed by ELISA. ECP concentrations were measured by monoclonal antibody-based fluorometric assay. RESULT: RSV infection in children induced a greater release of IL-11 in nasopharyngeal secretions than in influenza A virus infection, and in the controls. The release of IFN-gamma levels in nasopharyngeal secretions from children with influenza A virus infection was significantly higher than in nasopharyngeal secretions from children with RSV. ECP levels of subjects with viral infection were significantly higher than in control children. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that RSV is a potent inducer of IL-11 elaboration in nasal epithelium and that IL-11 is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Increased IFN-gamma production in response to the influenza A virus infection may be related to effective Th1 responses.
Asthma ; Child* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; Humans ; Influenza A virus* ; Influenza, Human* ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-11* ; Nasal Mucosa ; Respiratory Sounds* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*

No abstract available.
Seizures, Febrile*

No Abstract available.
Hypertension, Pulmonary*