PURPOSE: To correlate the CT findings of renal cell carcinomas with nuclear grading in histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative CT scans and pathologic nuclear grading of 60 surgically resected renal cell carcinomas in 55 patients were retrospectively and independently reviewed. RESULTS: As nuclear grade increased, renal cell carcinomas were more likely to be of higher stage(92% of nuclear grade III renal cell carcinomas was of stage Ill, all Grade IV tumors were of stage IIIb or higher) and greater size(84% of grade III tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors>5cm in size) at presentation, and appeared more heterogeneous(84% of grade III tumors and 88% of grade IV tumors showed moderate or severe heterogeneity) and less well marginated(84% of grade Ill tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors had irregular or imperceptible margins). CONCLUSION: Small well-marginated homogeneous renal cell carcinomas were either nuclear grade I or II, and were distinguishable from the more aggressive nuclear grade III or IV lesions, which generally displayed irregular margins and greater inhomogeneity.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: This study measured the rate of adrenal insufficiency among rotator cuff tear patients, and determined the roles of steroid treatment and herbal medicine as specific risk factors of adrenal insufficiency. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the 53 patients who agreed to participate in the study and underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair due to a chronic full-thickness tear from March 2012 to September 2013. The diagnosis of adrenal insufficieny was made by rapid adrenocortical hormone test before the operation. We collected information regarding their history of steroid and herbal medicine treatment within the last 12 months. RESULTS: The rate of adrenal insufficiency among the rotator cuff tear patients in our study was 18.9% (10 of 53 patients). Steroid treatment (p=0.034), frequency of local steroid injection (p=0.008), and herbal medicine treatment (p=0.02) showed significant association with the risk of adrenal insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, careful taking of a patient's medical history, such as the use of steroids and herbal medicine, is important when investigating adrenal function before surgery.
Adrenal Insufficiency* ; Diagnosis ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Rotator Cuff* ; Steroids

BACKGROUND: The first purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture (Robinson type 2B1 vs. 2B2) with 3.5-mm low profile clavicular locking compression plate. The second purpose is to evaluate the difference of the results depending on the presence of accompanying injuries. METHODS: Forty-nine patients who underwent an operation for the fractures were reviewed retrospectively. Fracture patterns were classified according to group 2B1 and 2B2 using Robinson's classification. For radiological outcome, time to union after operation was evaluated and for clinical outcome, American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) were evaluated from preoperative period to last follow-up period. RESULTS: The mean time for union was not significantly different in the 2B1 group and 2B2 group (p=0.062). No statistically significant difference in ASES score, UCLA score, and VAS was observed between 2B1 and 2B2 (p=0.619, p=0.896, p=0.856, respectively). In ROM, significant higher mean forward flexion and abduction was observed in 2B2 (p=0.025, p=0.017, respectively) and there was no difference in external rotation and external rotation at shoulder 90° abduction position (p=0.130, p=0.180, respectively). There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes according to the accompanying injuries. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in clinical and radiological outcome between Robinson 2B1 and 2B2 type fracture after the operation. Accompanying injuries may not affect the clinical result of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.
California ; Classification ; Clavicle ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Preoperative Period ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Treatment Outcome

Authors report a rare case of localized osteonecrosis occuring in the medial femoral condyle induced by prolonged steroid administration in a 48 years old male who had kidney transplantation surgery. Initially, he experienced clinical symptoms of discomfort and recurring effusion of both knees after transplantation surgery which did not respond, at all, to conservative treatment even in its early stage.
Cortisone ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Knee ; Male ; Osteonecrosis

This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Photophobia ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyoma is the most common pelvic tumor, occurring in 20-25% of women in reproductive age. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) has been reognized as a temporary medical management for this disorder. The etiology of these tumors is unknown but it has been shown that the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) are promoters of growth in nongynecologic tumors. Several recent studies have suggested the possible role of IGFs in human leiomyoma growth. The IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are believed to modulate actions of IGF and to have IGF-independent actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type of IGF and IGFBP which may be involved in leiomyoma growth and to investigate a possible IGF related mechanism of action of GnRHa. METHOD: The IGFs and IGFBPs were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay, western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation in the tissue cytosols of normal uterine myometria (n=15), nontumorous myometria adjacent to a leiomyoma and leiomyoma from patients nontreated (n=15) and treated (n=10) with GnRHa. RESULTS: The mean IGF-I and IGF-II level were significantly higher in leiomyoma from untreated patients than in the adjacent myometrium and normal myometrium but no significant differences in these IGF levels between normal myometrium and adjacent myometrium were noted. The IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and 26kDa IGFBP were detected variably but IGFBP-4 was consistently present in all tissues. There were no significant differences in the relative intensity for IGFBP-4 and the frequency of IGFBPs between leiomyoma, adjacent myometrium and normal myometrium from untreated patients. The IGF-I, IGF-II levels and the relative intensity of IGFBP-4 in leiomyoma from GnRHa-treated patients were significantly lower than those in untreated patients, but these levels in the adjacent myometrium were comparable. The frequency of each IGFBP in leiomyoma and the adjacent myornetrium from GnRHa-treated patients did not significantly differ from untreated patients. CONCLUSION: Both IGF-I and IGF-II are involved in the growth of leiomyoma and GnRHa may in part act to decrease size of leiomyoma by regulating the local levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-4.
Animals ; Cytosol ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Radioimmunoassay ; Somatomedins*

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetics* ; Humans* ; Neuroblastoma*

Cytochrome compounds which act as electron transfer agents in oxidation-reduction reactions. An important example is cytochrome c, which has a molecular weight of about 13,000 and contains one atom of iron per mol. Our attempt is to evaluate clinically the therapeutic effect of cytochrome c on the healing wound of the lesions which supposed to be oxygen concentration is lowered than in normal tissues in tissue respiration, and it used in neuropathy, muscle paralysis, retinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, corneal chemical burns in ophthalmology. The patients included in the following series: They were five cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis, two cases of optic neuritis, one case of axial optic atrophy, two cases of simple optic atrophy, two cases of muscle paralysis, one case of central retinopathy, one case of chorio-retinal atrophy, one case of maculra degeneration, one case of diabetic retinopathy, one case of pigmentary degeneration of the retina, one case of vitreous hemorrhage, four cases of corneal chemical burn, and one case of corneal dystrophy. After intra-dermal injection with cytochrome c, evaluated the allergic character and it was given intra-venous injection. The results were as follows: 1) In total 23 cases, had excellent therapeutic effects on neuropathy, muscle paralysis, and corneal chemical burns. 2) In general, we found that it did not respond to central retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy. 3) We experienced that it have response to the old lesions. 4) It was interested that the night blindness could be disappeared by cytochrome c use in pigmentary degeneration of the retina. Yet there remain certain problems so far unsolved.
Atrophy ; Burns, Chemical ; Cytochromes c* ; Cytochromes* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Iron ; Molecular Weight ; Night Blindness ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Neuritis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; Paralysis ; Respiration ; Retina ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Growth and Development*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cats