Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent cessation of breathing due to complete or partial upper airway occlusion during sleep. The incompetent tone of palatal, pharngeal, and glossal muscles which fail to maintain airway patency during sleep causes narrowing of the airway dimension and increased resistance of breathing. The identification of the sites of upper airway obstruction in patients with OSA is important in understanding the pathogenesis and deciding the treatment modality of snoring and/or OSA. Various upper airway imaging modalities have been used to assess upper airway size and precise localization of the sites of upper airway obstruction during sleep. Dynamic imaging modalities enabled assessment of dimensional changes in the upper airway during respiration and sleep. This article focused on reviews of various upper airway imaging modalities, especially dynamic upper airway imaging studies providing important information on the pathogenesis of OSA.
Airway Obstruction ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Muscles ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring

No abstract available.
Elbow Joint* ; Elbow*

No abstract available.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Rupture* ; Silicone Gels*

No abstract available.
Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets*

No abstract available.
Ear Cartilage ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to systematically review and identify factors relevant to the positive psychological capital of clinical nurses. METHODS: These was no limit on year of publication. Articles related to Korean clinical nurses were retrieved from computerized database using a manual search. A systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA flow. The total correlational effect size (ESr) for each related factor was calculated from Fisher's Zr. Funnel plots, fail-safe numbers, and Egger regression tests were used to evaluate publication bias in meta-analysis studies. The correlational effect size of 25 studies was analyzed through meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software 3.0 (CMA). RESULTS: The review included 25 studies. In the systematic review, 14 demographic factors and 46 organizational factors were found to be influential. Eleven factors (6 demographic factors and 5 organizational factors) were appropriate for meta-analysis. The overall effect size was .26. The demographic total correlation effect size of related factors was .20 and the total effect size of organization was .46. Organizational commitment (ESr=.38) and job satisfaction (ESr=.54) were statistically positively related variables. Negative variables were burnout (ESr=−.61), turnover intention (ESr=−.41) and workplace bullying (ESr=−.33). The total effect size of the organizational factors was larger than the demographic total effect size. There was no publication bias except for demographic variables. CONCLUSION Organizational factors and adjustable variables have a significant impact on positive psychological capital. The results of this study support the need for development of interventions focusing on organizational factors.

Tuberous sclerosis is not as rare as once thought and has high psychiatric comorbidities. However, bipolar or psychotic features associated with tuberous sclerosis have been rarely reported. This report first presents a tuberous sclerosis patient, resembling a schizoaffective disorder of bipolar type. A patient with known tuberous sclerosis displayed mood fluctuation and psychotic features. Her symptoms did not remit along with several psychiatric medications. After hospitalization, the patient responded well with lamotrigine and aripiprazole without exacerbation. As demonstrated in this case, tuberous sclerosis may also encompass bipolar affective or psychotic features. We would like to point out the necessity to consider bipolarity in evaluating and treating tuberous sclerosis.
Aripiprazole* ; Comorbidity ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Psychotic Disorders ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

No abstract available.
Vulva

PURPOSE: To report a case of idiopathic sclerosing inflammatory tumor presenting as painful masses in the medial side of both upper eyelids. CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old female presented with pain in both eyes at upward gaze and progressive medial side masses on bilateral upper eyelids 3-4 months prior. Orbit MRI showed an orbital benign tumor and partial excisional biopsy was performed for the larger right upper eyelid mass. The biopsy result was chronic inflammation with fibrosis. There was no change in the masses size after an oral steroid was prescribed for 11 days. At 6 weeks after the first operation, complete excisional biopsy was performed for the bilateral upper eyelid masses and idiopathic sclerosing inflammatory tumor was diagnosed. Intravenous steroid injections were administered twice with a 1-week interval postoperatively. After 6 months of follow-up, no recurrence was evident. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic sclerosing inflammatory tumor usually involves the anterior, lateral, or apex of the unilateral orbit and does not invade the inferomedial side of the orbit and typically has a chronic course. We experienced a rare case of idiopathic sclerosing inflammatory tumor that involved the medial side of both upper eyelids which was cured by complete excision.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orbit ; Recurrence