No abstract available.
Colon* ; Rectum*

It was not until 1919 that the treatment of retinal detachment began to plan on rationale line by Jule Gonin, Who was the first to appriciate the pathological significance of retinal break and therapeutic effect of closing these. Since after the first Gonin's suggestion, various surgical techniques for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was reoprted in the literatures. Recently the authors had been experienced good surgical results of 45 eyes, beililg operated. The authors employed encircling procedurs and segmental buckling procedure with implants. The segmental buckling procedure was modified from the pocket technique, being employed in the case of simple posterior vitreous detachment. The encircling procedure followed the Crock and Galbraith technique modified from Schepens, being employed in the case of to tal posterior vitreous detachment with collapse. 36 eyes out of 45 eyes was much successful, and no postoperative complication was occurred.
Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreous Detachment

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of the ovary are rare tumors with an exclusive or almost exclusive malignant neuroectodermal composition, and are generally regarded as a monodermal expression of an ovarian teratoma. The tumors are basically identical with the lesions of the same name occuring typically in the central nervous system of children. These tumors consist chiefly of undifferentiated small cells resembling neuroblasts. There are also mature, well- differentiated neuroectodermal cells, such as astrocytes and ependymal cells. We report a case of ovarian PNET with glial and neuroblastic differentiation and focal teratomatous foci of non-neural tissue in a 17-year-old female.
Adolescent ; Astrocytes ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Neural Plate ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Ovary* ; Teratoma

The authors had recently experienced a case of optic nerve atrophy leading to blindness caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning and reviewed the literatures of ocular changes secondary to the poisoning. The major findings were intraorbital bleeding, exophthalmos, ptosis, impairment of the ocular movement, superficial retinal hemorrhage and narrowing of the retinal vessels, the last two being thought to be degenerative changes leading to thrombosis of central retinal artery. At the 21th day after the accident exophthalmos, ptosis and ocular movement were recovered to normal but in the fundus retinal vessels could be found hardly and disc was pale.
Atrophy ; Blindness ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Exophthalmos ; Hemorrhage ; Optic Nerve ; Poisoning ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vessels ; Thrombosis

The author had been experienced one case of ophthalmic migraine recently and was reviewed the liturature. Variability of symptoms and periodicity are characteristic feature of the migraine Syndroms. In this case, periodic scintillating scotoma, which developed abruptly, was revealed congruous in the right homonymous fields, lasting about 30 minutes. Scintillating scotoma refers to the migraneous scotoma with the shimmering border. This illuminated dancing border takes the form of "fortification figures". The Author was concerned particularly about the variable symptoms and pathogenesis of aphthalmic migraine.
Dancing ; Migraine Disorders* ; Periodicity ; Scotoma

In 1910 Purtscher first presented his original report of "angiopathia retinae traumatica" before the German Congress of Ophthalmology in Heidelberg. Since then many varying fundus pictures have been described as "Purtscher's Disease" and many theories have been advanced as to the cause. In 1962 Marr and Marr provided an extensive review of the literature on traumatie retniopathy and pointed out that the cause of Purtscher's retinopathy was an abrupt rise of intravascular pressure in the vessel entering and leaving the orbit, and in most cases the mechanism of the injury was a sudden and violent compression of the chest. Recently we have experienced a case of bilateral Purtscher's traumatic retinal angiopathy leading to optic nerve atrophy and macular degeneraion. Our patient is a 36-year-old previously healthy Korean male. who had his left chest compressed by a truck when he was working in the country farm. Just after the accident he fall into an unconscious state for a short time. Two days after admission he was referred to our ophthalmologic department because of visual impairment. Funduscopic examination revealed Purtscher's retinopathy in both eyes. His chest X-ray examination showed several fractured ribs anterolaterally. Within several days after the accident the whitish retinal exudates and hemorrhages gradually disappeared in the left ocular fundus, but in the right fundus the retinal edema, situated at posterior pole, persisted for about 7 months duration. During this period optic nerve atrophy developed ill the right fundus. As soon as the retinal edema subsided, retinal degeneration of the macular area appeared in the right fundus. Five months after the accident temporal optic nerve atrophy appeared and the patient complained of marked visual impairment in the left eye. We could not find any similar cases in the literature, that is, after the retinopathy and impaired vision recovered, later, the vision was markedly impaired again due to secondary optic nerve atrophy and development of macular Degeneration. In a survey of literature we want to say that the pathogenesis of Purtscher's traumatic retinal angiopathy is due mainly to the result of a sudden and severe increased intravascular pressure. particularly in the upper portion of body. Following points influenced our thought. 1. The ocular fundus changes similar with Purtscher's retinopathy could be seen in hydrostatic pressure syndrome and compression cyanosis syndrome. 2. Purtscher's retinopathy could developed in minor chest compression which is not strong enough to fracture ribs or other banes. 3. Usually Purtscher's retinopathy is developed in both eyes. If unilateral development occurs, it is almost on the right eye. If bilaterally the right eye is more severe than the left. This is postulated due to the shorter venous path to the rijsht eye. In addition, the prognosis of Purtscher's retinopathy seems to be good but poor result such as in our case and other previously reported cases are also possible.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Cyanosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Macular Degeneration ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinaldehyde* ; Ribs ; Thorax ; Unconsciousness ; Vision Disorders

PURPOSE: Urinary incontinence (UI) has substantial and important impacts on quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to identify the associated risk factors of QoL in middle-aged women with UI. METHODS: The participants were 127 women aged 40-64 years who experienced UI. Data were collected from October to November, 2008 using a self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed through t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and multiple linear regression with SPSS ver. 16.0 program. RESULTS: The distribution of UI severity was mild 18.1%, moderate 40.2% and severe 41.7%. In univariate analysis, differences in the score for QoL according to participants' characteristics were statistically significant on the type of delivery, number of births and severity of UI. In multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment of other variables, the most powerful predictor of QoL is severity of UI. Number of births was also significant predictor. These two variables explained 25% of variance in QoL of women with UI. CONCLUSIONS: UI is highly prevalent and causes suffering and impaired QoL among middle-aged women, but it stands beyond our attention. The results of this study suggest that women with moderate to severe UI should be screened for QoL by health care providers regularly. Further research is needed to determine comprehensive factors including psychosocial factors predicting the QoL for incontinent women.
Aged ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Parturition ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; Urinary Incontinence

In this study, 63 patients underwent unilateral or bilateral medial rectus recession for nonaccommodative portion of partially accommodative esotropia and were followed up for more than 2 years after surgery.The nonaccommodative portion was measured by wearing the least hyperopic glasses for the best corrected visual acuity.The amount of recession of medial rectus was determined considering the patients'characteristics such as fusional ability, amount of hyperopia, AC/A ratio, visual acuity, and quality of muscle at forced duction test. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 +/-2.53 (2~13)years.Seven (11.2%) patients underwent surgery for recurrent esotropia due to deterioration. Consecutive exotropia did not occur.At the last visit all eyes were aligned with favorable stereopsis.Forty eight patients (76.2%)had deviation up to 8 PD of orthophoria and 15 patients showed esophoria greater than 8 PD, with fusional ability and stereoacuity of 40~400 seconds of arc (sec).Preoperatively, only 28.1%of the patients had gross stereopsis of 200~3000 sec.Postoperatively, 98.6%of the patients showed good stereopsis better than 800 sec : 75.5%better than 200 sec and 76%normal stereopsis more than 40 sec. This study revealed that individualized surgery for nonaccommodative component, and meticulous pre-and postoperative management resulted in good alignment and binocularity during long-term follow-up.Recurrent esotropia due to detrioration occurred more than consecutive exotropia after surgery.
Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Telescopes* ; Visual Acuity

The author observed 9 cases of ischemic optic neuropathy and the following clinical findings were obtained. 1) Probable underlying causes of them were arteriosclerotic four cases, syphilitic two cases and oral contraceptives, acute carbon monoxide and undetermined one case, respectively. 2) To detect this disease in the early stage was hard because of systemic and/or other ocular diseases were associated. 3) The prognosis was better in patients to whom early diagnosis and treatment was given. 4) The best diagnostic procedure was to check visual field. 5) Good therapeutic effects were obtained by administration of corticosteroids and vasodilators.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Carbon Monoxide ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic* ; Prognosis ; Vasodilator Agents ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione* ; Cycloheximide* ; Dizocilpine Maleate*