No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of theophylline in preterm infants with apnea on glucose homeostasis and insulin values. METHOD: In this prospective study, level of glucose and insulin were measured from peripheral blood of 8 neonates(1,450+/-114gm, 31+/-2.1week), who were admitted from April 1, 1997 to July 30, 1997 in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Wonkwang University Hospital, for apnea of prematurity(> 20 sec with bradycardia and/or cyanosis) were given aminophylline intravenously. Blood samples were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment 2hours, 1-2days, 3-4days, 5-7days and posttreatment 48hours, and compare to those of the 8 control neonates(1,711+/-232gm, 32+/-1.7week). RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Plasma glucose values were significantly higher in the treatment group than those of the control group at 1-2days(104.67+/-20.39mg/dL vs 83.43+/-15.86mg/dL) and 3-4days(111.0+/-32.39mg/dL vs 79.25+/-14.03mg/dL)(p<0.05). 2) Plasma glucose values which were increased at 1-2days(104.67+/-20.39mg/dL)and 3-4days(111.0+-32.39mg/dL), were significantly higher than pretreatment values(66.33+/-31.19mg/ dL)(p<0.02), but were not increased to the level of hyperglycemia(> 125mg/dL). 3) The mean posttreatment glucose levels drawn at 48hours after discontinuation of theophylline was significantly decreased to the values of pretreatment values compared to those of the 1-2days and 3-4days(p<0.01). 4) Insulin concentrations were also increased insignificantly when blood glucose were increased in the treatment group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, intravenous administration of theophylline produces hyperglycemia significantly, including an increase in a serum insulin. But, clinically significant hyperglycemia(> 125mg/dL) was not noted. So, plasma glucose may not need to be monitored in preterm apneic infants receiving theophylline. But, further studies are need to elucidate the effect of theophylline considering the serum toxic level of theophylline.
Administration, Intravenous ; Aminophylline ; Apnea* ; Blood Glucose* ; Bradycardia ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Insulin* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Plasma* ; Prospective Studies ; Theophylline

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rate congenital heart disease. In this discase, there is discordance between both the atria and ventricles and the ventricles and great vessels. The anatomic left ventricle lies on the rightside and is connected to the pulmonic trunk, whereas the anatomic right ventricles lies on the left side and functions as the systemic ventricle. Most patients have associated another cardiac anomalies and conduction disturbance.Less commonly, ventricular extrasystoles, paroxismal supraventricular tachycardia, WPW preexitaion and atrial fibrillation may be obserced. We report an adult case of congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
Adult* ; Arteries* ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Chymopapain ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; Transposition of Great Vessels ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

Trichophyton(T.) rubrum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is found all over the world. It has become one of the most important causative agents in tinea pedis and onychomycosis. But tinea capitis caused by T. rubrum is rare. Tinea capitis is uncommon in an adult. We report a case of tinea capitis caused by T. rubrum in an 81-year-old woman. She presented with localized asymptomatic well-demarcated thick scaly erythematous patches on the fronto-vertex scalp for 6 months. She was diagnosed as seborrheic dermatitis in local clinic and was treated with topical steroid. However, the lesion was not improved and spreading. Culture from scalp lesion of patient was grown on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and showed typical whitish cottony colonies of T. rubrum. She was treated with 200 mg of oral itraconazole daily for 8 weeks. The skin lesions improved 8 weeks after treatment, and recurrence has not been observed.
Adult ; Agar ; Aged, 80 and over* ; Arthrodermataceae ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Onychomycosis ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Skin ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton*

The relevance of transglutaminases with neural function and several disorders has been emphasized recently. Especially, many polypeptides associated with neurodegenerative diseases are suggested to be putative transglutaminase substrates such as beta amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease, microtubule-associated proteins and neurofilaments, etc. In addition, the CAG repeated gene products with probable polyglutamine tract, putative transglutaminase substrates, were identified in several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the identity of the brain transglutaminase has not been confirmed, because of enzymic stability and low activity. In the present experiment, we have isolated brain-specific transglutaminases, designated as TGase NI and TGase NII, which are different from other types of transglutaminases in respects of molecular weights (mw. 45 kDa, 29 kDa respectively), substrate affinity, elution profile on ion-exchange chromatography, sensitivity to proteases and ethanol, and immunological properties. The enzymes were localized specifically in the brain tissues but not in the liver tissue. And neural cells such as pheochromocytoma cell, glioma cell, primary neuronal and glial cells were shown to be enriched with TGase NI and TGase NII. The possible biological roles of the enzymes were discussed not only on the aspect of crosslinking activity but also of signal transducing capacity of the enzyme in the brain.
Animal ; Astrocytes/enzymology ; Blotting, Western ; Brain/enzymology* ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Endopeptidases/pharmacology ; Enzyme Stability ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Glioma ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Neurons/enzymology ; PC12 Cells ; Protein-Glutamine gamma-Glutamyltransferase/isolation & purification* ; Protein-Glutamine gamma-Glutamyltransferase/immunology ; Protein-Glutamine gamma-Glutamyltransferase/chemistry* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trypsin/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has been as an model animal for studing the neurologic disease because of the long-term survival in the condition of water-deprived desert condition. In order to accomplish the this research, first of all another divided the laboratory animals 10groups. In this study of the long term water deprived condition investigated catecholamine synthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N- methyltransferase(PNMT) in the brain by using immunohistochemical stain. The results obtained in this study were summarized as following. 1. It were observed TH-IR cells in substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars reticular of Midbrian. Most of them were presented in pars compacta and ventral tegmental area, but a few in pars reticular. TH-IR cell decreased until the 5th water-deprived day, increased from the 10th water-deprived day to the 15th water-deprived day and redecreased in the 20th water-deprived day 2. In locus ceruleus and rubrospinal tract were observed TH-IR cells and a few DBH-IR cell. Therefore there was composed of dopaminergic neuron and noradrenergic neuron. 3. The quantity of dopamin in serum were decreased until the 4th water-deprived day, increased from the 5th water-deprived day, redecreased on the 15th water-deprived day and reincreased from the 20th water-deprived day.
Adrenergic Neurons ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Brain ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Gerbillinae* ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mesencephalon* ; Pons* ; Substantia Nigra ; Tyrosine ; Ventral Tegmental Area

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cellulitis* ; Humans ; Sporotrichosis*

OBJECTIVE: Total resection without consecutive postoperative whole brain radiation therapy is indicated for patients with a single or two sites of brain metastasis, with close follow-up by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we explored the effectiveness, usefulness, and safety of this follow-up regimen. METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2015, a total of 109 patients (76 males, 33 females) underwent tumor resection as the first treatment for brain metastases (97 patients with single metastases, 12 with two metastases). The mean age was 59.8 years (range 27–80). The location of the 121 tumors in the 109 patients was supratentorial (n=98) and in the cerebellum (n=23). The origin of the primary cancers was lung (n=45), breast (n=17), gastrointestinal tract (n=18), hepatobiliary system (n=8), kidney (n=7), others (n=11), and unknown origin (n=3). The 121 tumors were totally resected. Follow-up involved regular clinical and MRI assessments. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after tumor resection were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods based on clinical prognostic factors. RESULTS: During the follow-up, MRI scans were done for 85 patients (78%) with 97 tumors. Fifty-six of the 97 tumors showed no recurrence without adjuvant local treatment, representing a numerical tumor recurrence-free rate of 57.7%. Mean and median RFS was 13.6 and 5.3 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the cerebellar location of the tumor as the only statistically significant prognostic factor related to RFS (p=0.020). Mean and median OS was 15.2 and 8.1 months, respectively. There were no significant prognostic factors related to OS. The survival rate at one year was 8.2% (9 of 109). CONCLUSION: With close and regular clinical and image follow-up, initial postoperative observation without prompt postoperative radiation therapy can be applied in patients of brain metastasi(e)s when both the tumor(s) are completely resected.
Brain* ; Breast ; Cerebellum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Kidney ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Radiosurgery ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

SUMMARY: HapAnalyzer is an analysis system that provides minimum analysis methods for the SNP-based association studies. It consists of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test, linkage disequilibrium (LD) computation, haplotype reconstruction, and SNP (or haplotype)-phenotype association assessment. It is well suited to a case-control association study for the unrelated population.
Case-Control Studies ; Haplotypes* ; Linkage Disequilibrium

Neuropeptide Y(NPY) was first isolated from porcine brain. This discovery has led some workers to study the distribution of this peptide in the central nervous system of various mammals. In this study examined the distribution pattern of NPY-immunoreactive (NPY-IR) neurons in the Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius coreae) cerebral cortex and striatum, using immunohistochemical method. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings. 1. NPY-IR neurons distributed in all layer of cerebral cortex. The number of neurons were higher in layer V and VI than in layer I and IV. 2. The shape of neurons was predominantly round or oval in layer I and II, and triangular in layer V and VI. And the processes were parallel to pia mater in layer I and II and were vertical in layer III. 3. The highest number of NPY-IR neurons were found in the perirhinal cortex but a few distinct population were found in the retrosplenial cortex. 4. In stiatum NPY-IR neurons were observed only in caudate-putamen nucleus. 5. The Immunoreactive neurons in caudate-putamen varied in their shape, but most of them were triangular or multiform neurons had omnidirectional processes.
Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Corpus Striatum* ; Mammals ; Mice* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Pia Mater