No abstract available.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is an uncommon disorder characterized by firm b-cutaneous plaques and nodules usually appearing shortly after birth. It runs a relatively be, n course and may completely resolve in a few months without any recurrence. We report a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis in a 15 day-old male suffering from severe p inatal asphyxia and hypoxic cardiomyopathy, who presented with indurated subcutane s nodules and plaques on the both shoulders and the back. Histologically the subcutaneous fat showed focal necrosis with needle-shaped clefts, lymphohistiocytic infiltration and foreign body reactions consistent with subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. In our patient, compromised cardiac output due to cardiomyopathy might have aggravated hypoxic condition and it could be speculated that cardiomyopathy-induced systemic hypoxia gave rise to hypothermia of the skin as a result of peripheral vasoconstriction. This report presents a causal relationship of cardiomyopathy and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn.
Anoxia ; Asphyxia ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiomyopathies* ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Necrosis* ; Parturition ; Recurrence ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat* ; Vasoconstriction

OBJECTIVE: To identify the neurobehavioral impairment in the traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients and to determine the relationship between the neurobehavioral impairment and functional recovery. METHOD: We analyzed and compared Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores and neurobehavioral psychometry results in 16 patients with severe TBI. The neurobehavioral psychometry tests included Minimental Status Examination (MMSE), Galvestone Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) as screening tools, Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale (KWIS) for intelligence, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) test for memory function, Color Trail test (CTT) 1 and 2 for attention and concentration, Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and Finger Tapping Test (FTT) for motor function, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for executive function, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) for personality. RESULTS: At discharge, neurobehavioral psychometry of the TBI patients showed impairment of the attention and concentration as demonstrated by severe and moderate impairment in CTT 1 and CTT 2, repectively. Memory disturbance was also noted by the result of mental retardation in WMS-R. But GOAT and MMSE showed normal, KWIS was below average. Motor dysfunction was seen in GPT and FTT and mild executive dysfunction in WCST. Functional recuperation was influenced by attention and concentration, as the FIM score has significant correlation with CTT 1 and FTT. CONCLUSION: The TBI patients have the pervasive neurobehavioral impairment, especially severe dysfunction in the memory, attention and concentration. And functional recovery was significantly correlated with attention. The neurobehavioral psychometry will be useful in neurobehavioral evaluation in TBI patients. A further prospective study using Neurobehavioral psychometry would bring a more precise and valuable information.
Amnesia ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Executive Function ; Fingers ; Goats ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Wisconsin

No abstract available.
Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Yolk Sac*

The development of the cardiac ganglion was studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 30mm to 270mm crown rump length. At 40mm fetus, the cardiac ganglia were observed in the adventitia of both the aorta and pulmonary artery, superior aspect of the left and right atrium, and interatrial septum. The cardiac ganglia were comprised of clusters of undifferentiated cells, neuroblasts, and unmyelinated nerve fibers. The ganglia were small and uncapsulated until 70mm fetus. At 70mm fetus, the cardic ganglia consisted of neuroblasts, satellite cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Each ganglion was ensheathed in a connective tissue capsule. The cytoplasm of neuroblast contained Nissl bodies, mitochondria, coated vesicles, extensive Golgicomplex, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Synaptic contacts between the cholinergic preganglionic axon and dendrites of postganglionic neuron were first observed. At 100mm fetus, the cardiac ganglia consisted of small clusters of ganglion cells and dendrites, together with supporting elements and blood vessels. During next prenatal stage from 170mm fetus, the ganglion cells were large and each contained a large nucleus with one or more nucleoli. The cytoplasm of ganglion cells contained much rough endoplasmic reticulum and extensive Golgi complex. Cholinergic preganglionic axons were numerous and interposed between the satellite cells. Adrenergic axons were rarely observed. A great number of synaptic junctions between the cholinergic preganglionic axon terminals and the dendrites of postganglinic neuron were found, and a few axosomatic synapses were also observed. Adrenergic nerve terminals did not seem to be involved in the synaptic transmission. The cardiac ganglion cells of the human fetal heart were innervated only by cholinergic nerve.
Adventitia ; Aorta ; Axons ; Blood Vessels ; Coated Vesicles ; Connective Tissue ; Crown-Rump Length ; Cytoplasm ; Dendrites ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fetal Heart ; Fetus* ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Golgi Apparatus ; Heart Atria ; Humans* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; Neurons ; Nissl Bodies ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Pulmonary Artery ; Synapses ; Synaptic Transmission

No abstract available.
Hyperaldosteronism*

No abstract available.
Electromyography* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Stroke*

Urinalysis is one of the basic laboratory tests in patient care and routine examinations. But few studies have been carried out about the prevalence of proteinuria and hematuria in Korea, especially in tertiary referral hospital, and the meanings of them are not clear until now. So we performed a cross- sectional study to find out the prevalence of proteinuria and hematuria at a tertiary referral hospital, Seoul National University Hospital. From Jan. 1. 1995 to Dec. 31. 1995, there were 35,361 adults (17,123 males and 18,238 females) in whom urinalyses were carried out. The age of them ranged from 15 to 96 years and the average was 49 years with the distribution of 2.3% in 15-19 years, 10.6% in 20-29 years, 16.0% in 30-39 years, 19.6% in 40-49 years, 24.3% in 50-59 years, 19.2% in 60-69 years, and 8.0% in 70 years or older. The degree of proteinuria was classified to '-', '+/-', '+', '++', '+++' by dipstick method. In males, 80.0% were '-', 6.3% '+/-, 6.8% '+', 3.7% '++', 3.2% '+++', and 5.0% '+/-', 5.1% '+', 2.8% '++', 2.1% '+++' in females. Proteinuria of degree '+/-' or higher was defined as significant and found in 19.9% of males and 14.9% of females. According to the age groups, 17.0% in 15 to 19 years, 17.3% in 20 to 29 years, 16.3% in 30 to 39 years, 15.2% in 40 to 49 years, 16.8% in 50 to 59 years, 18.6% in 60 to 69 years, 23.6% in 70 years or older had significant proteinuria. Hematuria was classified by the number of erythrocytes per 400X high-power field, to grade 1 (<1), 2 (1-4), 3 (5-9), 4 (10-19), 5 (>30), 6 (many). In males, 62.9% were grade 1, 23.5% grade 2, 5.3% grade 3, 3.9% grade 4, 1.9% grade 5, 2.6% grade 6, and 47.4% grade 1, 32.6% grade 2, 8.8% grade 3, 5.3% grade 4, 2.4% grade 5, 3.4% grade 6 in females. Hematuria of grade 3 or higher was defined as significant and found in 13.6% of males and 20.0% of females. According to the age groups, 11.1% in 15 to 19 years, 13.7% in 20 to 29 years, 16.8% in 30 to 39 years, 17.4% in 40 to 49 years, 16.7% in 50 to 59 years, 18.0% in 60 to 69 years, 19.9% in 70 years or older had significant hematuria.
Adult ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Patient Care ; Prevalence* ; Proteinuria* ; Seoul ; Tertiary Care Centers* ; Urinalysis

Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy is a hereditary disease of unknown etiology and characterized by bilateral subepithelial corneal opacity with diffuse crystalline deposits of cholesterol or other lipid. The authors experienced a case of Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy whose corneal opacity of left eye regressed gradually without treatment. This 40-year-old man had undergone keratoplasty on the right eye and adiagnosis of Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy was made histopatho-logically. In this report, the authors describe a case of regression of Schnyder's crystalline corneal dystrophy without treatment.
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Transplantation ; Crystallins* ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection for recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of thirtypatients who underwent unilateral medial rectus resection for recurrent exotropia. All had prior bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Data were collected for age, the preoperative deviation, the postoperative deviation at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and the last visit, and the amount of medial rectus resection performed. RESULTS: The average preoperative deviation was 27.0+/-3.6 PD. After unilateral medial rectus resection, average deviation at distance was 2.8 PD at postoperative 2 weeks, 4.5 PD at 3 months, 5.1 PD at 6 months and 5.8 PD at last visit. The average deviation corrected per millimeter of medial rectus resection was 3.53+/-0.17 PD/mm. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that deviation angles of recurrent exotropia is smaller than those of primary surgery and the possibility of saving the other medial rectus muscle, unilateral rectus muscle resection could be effective surgical method for recurrent exotropia.
Child ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; *Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Recurrence ; Refraction, Ocular ; Retrospective Studies