Purpose: The aim of the study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS-K) for nursing students. Methods: Data from 235 participants were collected from April 12 to April 26, 2022. A total of 230 participants’ data were analyzed. The data were analyzed for content, discriminant, known-groups, and construct validity using content validity index, correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of the GAAIS-K was examined using internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: The expert-rated content validity index was ≥.80. The sub-scales of the GAAIS-K were moderately correlated with attitude toward accepting technology, indicative of its discriminant validity. The male students’ positive attitude score was significantly higher than that of the female students, satisfying the known-groups validity. Cronbach’s α for the scale was .86 (positive) and .74 (negative), and the intra-class correlation coefficient for the two-week test-retest reliability was .86 (positive) and .60 (negative). The scores for positive and negative attitudes were 3.68±0.46 and 3.05±0.55. Conclusion This study shows that the GAAIS-K is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nursing students. Additional research is recommended to continue the evaluation of the GAAIS-K with a focus on healthcare settings.

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Cause of Death* ; Fever* ; Humans

A 7-month-old boy was presented with growth retardation. The brain CT scan and the cerebral angiography revealed hydrocephalus resulting from venous hypertension and a high-flow direct arteriovenous fistula at the distal M2 segmnt of the middle cerebral artery which was drained into the sphenoparietal sinus. The echocardiogram disclosed a ventricular hypertrophy. The patient was treated by gradual ligation of fistulous portion in ten minutes to prevent sudden increase of peripheral resistance and cardiac overloading. It is stressed that slow obliteration of an arteriovenous fistula is a paramount procedure to prevent congestive heart failure.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Fistula* ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Infant ; Ligation ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Resistance

No abstract available.
Acid-Base Equilibrium* ; Acidosis*

Reports of bowing and pseudarthrosis of the humerus and clavicle are rare. Most patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle involving the right side and midportion of clavicle tended to heal better than congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. We experienced a patient who had special features in terms of location, pseudoarthrosis pattern, and neurofibromatosis, and report on this case here.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Pseudarthrosis* ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Kidney Diseases* ; Kidney* ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant

OBJECTIVE: Albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in a spot urine is replacing albumin excretion rate (AER) in 24 hour-collected urine as screening test for microalbuminuria because of simplicity and reliance. There are some controversies about the most relevant ACR value in detecting microalbuminuria. Most commonly recommended cut-off value is 30 mg/gm. Some recommends sex-specific ACR cut-off value: 17 mg/gm for men, 25 mg/gm for women. In this report, we evaluated diagnostic characteristics of ACR according to above different cut-off values and estimated most relevant ACR cut-off value for microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Urine was collected for 24hours for the measurement of microalbumin in type 2 diabetes who admitted in SNUH. The next day, first morning urine was obtained for microalbumin and creatinine concentration in patients with albumin excretion rate (AER) below 300 mg/day. RESULTS: 33% of total 156 patients had microalbuminuria. ACR correlated positively with AER. According to regression equations of AER and ACR, an AER of 30 mg/day corresponded to an ACR of 32 mg/gm. Positive and negative predictive values of ACR 30 mg/gm for microalbuminuria were 81% and 84% in men. In women, these were 80% and 86% respectively. Using recommended sex-specific ACR cutoff values, these were 52% and 94% in men, 68% and 91% in women. The most relevant ACR cutoff from receiver operating characteristics curve was 32 mg/gm in our study. CONCLUSION: Using ACR 30 mg/gm as cut-off values of microalbuminuria, positive and negative predictive value were above 80% in both men and women. In patients visiting SNUH, ACR 32 mg/gm may be more relevant in screening microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.
Albuminuria ; Creatinine* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Proteinuria ; ROC Curve

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of ADPKD is still unknown but the proliferation of cystic epithelia and the fluid secretion to cystic lumen are thought to be important. Cytokines play a pivotal role in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in general, but there were few reports about the cytokine profile in ADPKD cysts. METHODS: In this study, we measured cytokine content in aerobic culture-negative cystic fluids from 23 patients with symptomatic normal to end-stage (n=3) ADPKD in order to elucidate the possibility that cytokines are related to the development and progression of disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma with commercial kits. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 6 : 17 and the median age at examination was 52 years (range 36 to 78). IL-1beta was present in 18 of 23[78%] (11 to 173 pg/mL), IL-2 in 18 of 23[78%] (5 to 159 pg/ mL), IL-4 in 9 0f 23[39%] (8 to 156 pg/mL) and IL-6 in 10 of 23[43%] (16 to 1498 pg/mL). IL-10, and IFN-gamma were not detected. IL-1beta concentrations correlated directly with those of IL-2 (r=0.7671). IL- 6 levels in patients with azotemia (n=7) [288.4+/-26.2 (mean+/-S.D.)] were significantly higher than those of normal renal function group (98.3+/-413.9)(p<0.01). Such difference was not found in other cytokines. Cytokine concentrations did not correlate with sodium concentrations, nor with cystic fluid osmolality, indicating that differences in concentrations among fluids could not be explained by differences in water content. And, there was no significant correlation between the intracystic concentrations of these cytokines and the corresponding cyst diameters. CONCLUSION: These data identify proinflammatory cytokines as possible mediators to the morbidity of ADPKD. Especially, IL-6 levels of cystic fluid were elevated in the azotemic ADPKD patients.
Apoptosis ; Azotemia ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Sodium ; Water

Empyema necessitatis is a rare complication of an empyema. Although the incidence is thought to be decreased in the post-antibiotic era, immunocompromised patients such as patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis are still at a higher risk. A 56-year-old woman on peritoneal dialysis presented with an enlarging mass on the right anterior chest wall. The chest computed tomography scan revealed an empyema necessitatis and the histopathologic findings revealed a granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculous medication.
Dialysis ; Empyema* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Necrosis ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax