Analyses were done on one hudred and twenty caaes of bleeding gastric ulcers diagnosed by emergency endoscopy for the past five years. The reaults are as the following: Much more cases were found in male than female and the most prevalent age group was 6th decade. The body of stomach along the lesser curvature was the most common bleeding site. No age related difference was noted in bleeding sites. Most common type of ulcer was in the round and shallow form. Five of six cases with exposed vessels showed atrophic changes in surrounding mucosa. Among the probable precipitating factors, analgesica, alcohols and certicosteroids were found in such order,
Alcohols ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Precipitating Factors ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer* ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Child* ; Humans

In order to examine the neurotoxic mechanism of oxygen radicals on cultured bovine oligodendrocytes, cytoxic effect of oxygen radicals was examined when cultures were treated with various concentrations of xanthine oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine (HX) in culture medium. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of iron-chelators against the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell viability was remarkably decreased in a time-dependent manner after exposure of cultured bovine oligodendrocytes to 20mU/ml XO and 0.1mM HX for 4 hours. In the neuroprotective effect of iron-chelators on oxidant-induced neurotoxicity, tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) blocked the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals, while DFX was not effective in blocking oxidant-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. These results suggest that oxygen radicals are toxic in cultured bovine oligodendrocytes, and also selective iron-chelators such as TPEN are effective in blocking the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals.
Allopurinol* ; Cell Survival ; Hypoxanthine ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Oligodendroglia ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Xanthine Oxidase

No abstract available.

Leukemic infiltration of the testes has been relatively rare disease. But increased survival due to advance in the treatment of childhood leukemia has been associated with an increase in incidence of leukemic infiltration of the tests. Six of 66 male children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 2 of 2 male children with leukemic transformation on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who have been admitted to our pediatric department during past 7.5 years period, from January, 1974 to June, 1981 developed testicular leukemia. This represents an incidence of 11.8% and the median age was 6.6 years(9 mo. to 14 yrs). All patients were symptom free despite testicular enlargement. Testicular enlargement was initial presenting manifestation in two patients. The enlargement was unilateral in 5 and bilateral in 3. Initial white blood cell count was greater than 100,000/mm3 in five patients and was less than 10,000/3 in other three. Microscopic findings on specimens were leukemic infiltration mainly in the interstitial spaces and atrophy of spermatogenic cells. Four patients developed testicular relapse during bone marrow remission. Hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were present in 5 and 6, and these appeared to imply an increased risk of testicular relapse. The median duration from diagnosis to testicular relapse was 33.5 months(2 mo. to 93 mo.). Three patients developed subsequent relapses(CNS; 2, BM; 1) 1.5 to 26 months after the testicular relapse, the median interval being 14.5 months. Radiotherapy with chemotherapy has resulted clinical improvement, but only one patient showed long survival without relapse.
Atrophy ; Bone Marrow ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia* ; Leukemic Infiltration ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Radiotherapy ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Testis

Sixty two properly treated acute lymphocytic leukemia cases who were diagnosed at SNUH, from 1958 to July, 1981 were studied. Among them, 20 cases had survived more than 3 years and 42 cases survived less than 3 years. The 11 cases of 20 are now alive and off theray and the remainder 9 cases were expired after survival for more than three years. The clinical features of the 11 currently living cases are as follows. The survival time of 11 cases are 3 years and 1 month - 16 years and 1 month. Except one case, first remission have continued till now. Average leukocyte count and liver size are 7,710/mm3 and 1.5 fingerbreadth respectively. The proportion of cases who showed splenomegaly, lymph node enlargement and hemorrhagic phenomena is 18.2%, 9.1% and 36.4% respectively. The clinical features of the 9 expired cases are as follows. Average leukocyte count is 7,780/mm3 and average liver size is 2.4 finger-breadth and average spleen size is 2.8 fingerbreadth. The proportion of cases who showed lymph node enlargement and hemorrhagic phenomean in 50.0% and 37.5% respectively. The clinical features of 29 cases who attained initial remission but survived less than 3 years are as follows. Average leukocyte count, liver size and spleen size 72,910/mm3, 2.8 finger-breadth and 2.0 finger-breadth respectively. The proportion of cases who showed lymph node enlargement and hemorrhagic phenomean is 52% and 75.9% respectively. The clinical features of 13 cases who died before initial remission are as follows. Average leukocyte count, liver size and spleen size are 244,570/mm3, 2.4 finger-breadth and 2.0 finger-breadth respectively. The proportion of cases who showed lymph node enlargement and hemorrhagic phenomena is 53.8% and 90.9% respectively. Various prognostic factors were related to duration of survival. The proportion of cases who were over 10 years of age at diagnosis and male to female ratio are higher in cases who survived less than 3 years. The leukocyte count, liver size, proportion of lymph node enlargement and proportion of hemorrhagic phenomeana are significantly lower in long survivors. In long survivors, spleen size in smaller but statistically not significant.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Spleen ; Splenomegaly ; Survivors

PURPOSE: To present a surgical result of Yokoyama procedure in myopic strabismus fixus. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old female patient presented with progressive esotropia and diplopia. According to the Krimsky test, the patient showed 70 prism diopter esotropia and 30 prism diopter hypotropia in her left eye. The axial length was 34.97 mm in the right eye and 33.71 mm in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with myopic strabismus fixus. The authors performed the Yokoyama procedure on her left eye. Surgical examination revealed each medial rectus muscle was recessed. Half of the muscle bellies of the superior and lateral rectus muscles were sutured together without muscle splitting 15 mm posterior from their insertion. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient showed 30 prism diopter esotropia and 20 prism diopter hypotropia in her right eye by alternative prism cover test. The authors performed the same procedure on her right eye. At 2 months after the second surgery, the patient showed orthotropia in the primary position and gaze limitation was improved. CONCLUSIONS: The Yokoyama procedure can be an effective method for improving deviation and ocular motility in esotropia caused by high myopia.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Myopia ; Strabismus

Apert syndrome is an uncommon congenital disorder characterized by malformation of the skull, most often acrocephaly or oxycephaly, in association with symmetrical syndactyly of both hands and feet. It is due to a disturbance in the growth of bone and soft tissue, affecting principally the head, hands, and feet. Recently we experienced a typical Apert syndrome expressed only in one neonate of dizygotic twin.
Acrocephalosyndactylia* ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Craniosynostoses ; Foot ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Skull ; Syndactyly ; Twins, Dizygotic*

PURPOSE: The present study reviews the clinical features of orbital cellulitis in childhood for early diagnosis and proper treatment. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective study by computed tomography (CT) on children under 14 years of age diagnosed with orbital cellulitis and admitted to Pusan National University Hospital from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS: In total, 27 patients were identified (range 4 months to 14 years). Periorbital swelling was the most common initiating symptom, followed by fever and conjunctival injection. Paranasal sinus disease was the most common predisposing factor. Preseptal cellulitis was the most common finding, followed by subperiosteal abscess, orbital cellulitis, and orbital abscess. All patients underwent a blood culture; none were positive. Intravenous antibiotics therapy was performed empirically and was effective in all cases. No patients suffered from permanent complications except recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital cellulitis in children presents with periorbital swelling, fever, conjunctival injection in association with sinusitis, and upper respiratory infection (URI). A CT study is a reliable diagnostic option for the early detection and localization in the pediatric orbital cellulitis. Early empirical antibiotic therapy is mandatory for successful treatment.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cellulitis ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Orbit ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis

No abstract available.