No abstract available.
Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Self Care*

No abstract available.

Pulmonary atresia with major aorto-pulmonart collateral arteries(abbreviated as MAPCA in the following)as a route for pulmonary blood flow presents many problem in diagnosis and management and recently new approach to surgical management (unifocalization)was suggested and few reported it's application. Nineteen cases who had pulmonary with MAPCA, diagnosed at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from October 1987 to May 1989, were studied to lool at the relationship between MAPCA, central pulmonary artery and segmental pulmonary arteries. Also was observed the clinical course and operative management. The average number of MACPA in each patient was 4, two toward right lung and the other two toward left lung. MACPA arose most frequently from descending aorta and innominate artery contralateral to the side of aortic arch. Central pulmonary artery was identified in 86.7%. The number of bronchopulmonary segment connected to central pulmonary artery directly or indrectly was very variable so was the number of bronchopulmonary segment connected to MAPCA only. Three had a total correction and 14 had a various kinds of palliative operation once or twice. Seven had a called "unifocalization"(connection of MAPCA to central pulmonary artery) to correct arborization abnormality but the result was not satisfactory for technical reason.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries* ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Atresia* ; Seoul

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of Q-sorting and to develope a typology of coping to stress in school-age children through the use of Q-methodology. For the study, Q-statements are selected from the literature and interviews of 30 Children, A total number 153 statement were collected and 31 Q-samples were finally selected. A P-sample of 76 was selected the elementary school children. Each of respondents were given 31 coping strategies questionnaire and set of 31 statements with cartoon on each of cards and sorted them according to the 9-point scale. The result of the Q-sorting by each subject were coded and analyzed using the QUANAL PC and SPSS PC+program. As a result of the analysis, There were significant relationship between score each item of questionaire and score of sorted statement. Therefore, school-age children was able to Q-sorting(forced normal distribution). Also, the four types of coping were named as follows: Type I(n=35): To search for the dynamic behaviors Type II(n=12): To search for the intellectual behaviors Type III(n=22): To search for emotional-spiritual behaviors Type IV(n=7): To search for the self-abuse behaviors. Thought the study, the implication for teachers, parents and school nurses is that there is needed to guide and to support adaptive coping behaviors. Also, it is recommended that the application of Q-methodology for study of children's subjective concepts like stress and coping.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Child* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Parents ; Q-Sort ; Child Health

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Children's Health Locus of Control Scale(CHLC), an instrument designed to measure health locus of control in children aged 7 to 12. The scale was administered to 467 children in grades 4 to 6, enrolled in 2 elementary schools located in city. The mean age of the subject was 10.03(SD=1.33). The findings were as follows: 1. Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .69 for the total, and .67, .65, and .56 on the respective subscales. 2. Construct validity was supported through factorial isolation of three theory consistent subscales: internal, chance, and powerful others. Two items did not fit well with the originally developed subscale. The total percent of variance explained by 3 factors was 34.5%. The result of the factor analysis according to Kaiser's criterion revealed that the scale was consisted of 5 factors. But, The items of the subscales were rather inconsistent with the dimensions of the locus of control concept. 3. There were significant differences according to parent's educational level and occupation, and birth order on the scores of the CHLC. There were no significant differences according to grade level and sex. 4. The score of the CHLC was significantly correlated with the self concept of the children(r=.14, p<.001). The result indicated that the Korean version of Children's Health Locus of Control Scale was valid and reliable in measuring health locus of control concept in children, even though further research is required to reconfirm and increase the reliability of the instrument. CHLC could be used for study explaining the health related behavior of the children and research project to health education program.
Birth Order ; Child* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Occupations ; Psychometrics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Concept ; Child Health

This is descripitive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients and the degree of the importance of educational activity perceived by nurses who look after nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subject were composed of 60 mothers & 63 nurses of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Mar. in 1997 to July 1997. A questionnaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was alpha=.97. The data analysis was done by SAS. t-test, and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. T-test was done to measure relations between the degree of educational needs and importance of educational activity. The results were as follows. 1. The Educational needs of mothers ranked as the highest in home care. 2. In character of mothers, the degree of education, economic state, the number of child and occupation was significant in statistically. 3. The importance of educational activity of nurses ranked the highest in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 4. The educational needs of nephrotic syn, children' mother and importance of nurses were different in diagnosis and treatment of the disease and home care. On the basis of these results, we suggest as follows. 1. It is proposed that nurses use these results of the study actively for the educational program for Nephrotic Syndrome patients and their mothers. 2. It is suggested to make a comparative study of the degree of nurses' understanding of the importance on educational items with the instruments of this study.
Busan ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Education* ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Occupations ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Indomethacin* ; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated* ; Mice*

BACKGROUND: To get the information about the clinical characteristics of the paroxysmal junctional tachycardia in children and to get the general principle in managing these children. METHOD: Analysis of the medical records of the 43 patients(male 30, female 13) with paroxysmal junctional tachycardia(JT) who had been followed-up in this hospital for a mean of 4.6 years(range 1 month up to 12 years) was done. RESULT: In 19 patients, JT started before 1 years of age : in 2, during gestational period, in 15, within 4 months of age, in 2, after 4 months of age. The next peak was 7 in the age of 5 years. The associated cardiac abnormalities were complex congenital defects in 2, tumor in 1, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 1 each. The significant hemodynamic disturbances during JT were noticed in 25. Among those whose surface electrocardiogram during JT were available, mean heart rate during JT was 232rpm(range 160-310) ; narrow QRS complex in 33 and wide in 1 ; P` wave in ST segment or T wave in 22. The delta waves were noticed after stopping JT and during followe up in 20. The types of delta waves were A in 7, B in 9, and indeterminate in 4. The different forms of delta waves unrelated to the degree of fusion were noticed in 6 ; disappearance or intermittent form of delta wave in 4. The efficacy of stopping JT was as follows : ATP 84.4%(38/45), diving reflex 50%(7/14), other vagal stimulation 71.4%(5/7), digoxin 72.7%(8/11), verapamil 54.5%(12/22), D/C cardioversion 62.5%(5/8), neosynephrine 100%(2/2). There were 2 deaths due to associated cardiac defects and 2 elective catheter ablations during the followe up period. The preventive medication with digoxin, beta blocker, and/or verapamil was succesful in 14, partially succesful in 11, failed in 14. The 7 persistent JT were treated with amiodarone in 3, with amiodarone and beta blocker in 1, with flecainide and digoxin in 1. In 1, surgical ablation of accessory pathway was done due to persistent JT. At present, JT do not recur or occur transiently without drugs in 29 ; with drugs, JT become controlled without recurrence in 4, with transient episodes in 4 and with intermittent episodes in 1. CONCLUSION: Althouh the JT in children is benign in most cases spite of the severity during the early period, JT is persistent in cases and needs potent drugs to control JT. Ablation of the foci may be necessary in these cases. Even in patients whose long-term results are benign, it is necessary to choose the optimal drugs to terminate and prevent the JT during the intervening period.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Amiodarone ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Catheters ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Digoxin ; Diving ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Flecainide ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Phenylephrine ; Recurrence ; Reflex ; Tachycardia* ; Verapamil

No abstract available.
Angiography* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Atresia*

No abstract available.
Heterotaxy Syndrome*