No abstract available.
Rhytidoplasty*

OBJECTIVES: The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful non-invasive tool to investigate the autonomic nerve function. Previous studies on the relationship between HRV and depression have been reported controversial results. Similarly, the correlation between the serum lipids and depression is debatable. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between heart rate variability, lipid profile and depression. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 32 age and sex-matched normal subjects who had no previous history of major medical and mental illnesses were recruited for this study. A structured-interview was used to assess the general characteristics and psychiatric illness. HRV measures were assessed by time-domain and frequency-domain analyses. Psychological symptoms were measured using the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM-D). In addition, the evaluation for lipid profile was performed by blood test. RESULTS: In serum lipid profile test, MDD group showed higher cholesterol (197.68+/-42.94 mg/dL vs. 176.85+/-34.68 mg/dL, p=0.044), TG (139.45+/-92.54 mg/dL vs. 91.4+/-65.68 mg/dL, p=0.018), LDL (130.03+/-33.18 vs. 106.62+/-27.08, p=0.004) level than normal control group. In HRV time domain analyses, the standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN) was decreased in MDD group than normal control group, but was not significant (32.82+/-14.33 ms vs. 40.36+/-21.40ms, p=0.078). ApEn (Approximate Entrophy) was significantly increased in MDD group than normal control group (1.13+/-0.11 vs. 0.91+/-0.18, p<0.001). ApEn was correlated with LDL level (r=0.277, p=0.028), HAM-D scores (r=0.534, p<0.001) and HAM-A scores (r=0.470, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: MDD patients showed increased ApEn, one of the HRV measurement. And this ApEn was correlated with LDL, HAM-D and HAM-A scores. In this study, the analysis of ApEn would be a useful test of MDD.
Anxiety ; Autonomic Pathways ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans

We present a case of malignant melanoma associated wi h itiligo in the 49 year-old female patient. Skin lesions showed that centrally located dark black nodile surrounded with brownish colored plaque on the upper half and depigmented patch on the lower half on the left upper thigh and depigmented patch on the right forehead. In western countries, patients with melanoma have been obscrved to develop vitiligo or depigmented spots on the skin, while in korea, rarely observed. We reports that malignant melanoma associated with vitiligo.
Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Korea ; Melanoma* ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Thigh ; Vitiligo*

Authors experienced a 13-day-old boy who had suffered from walnut sized hard erythematous nodules on left axilla, anterior and posterior aspect of the neck which began to develop 9 days after birth. Histopathologic findings revealed subcutaneous fat necrosis and needle-shaped cleft in several fat cells. The skin lesions spontaneously resolved at 2 months of age. The clinical pattern, the skin manifestations, and the histologic appearance of the lesions were diagnostic of subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn.
Adipocytes ; Axilla ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Juglans ; Male ; Neck ; Necrosis* ; Parturition ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations ; Subcutaneous Fat*

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign disseminated xanthomatous and granulomatous condition of the skin and other organs. The skin lesions usually disappear spontaneously within 1 to 5 years. Our case was 4 month-old boy who had have match head to pea sized scattered yellowish papules and nodules on scrotum since age of 1 month and then these skin lesions gradually spread to trunk, face and scalp without subjective symptoms. Histopathologically, biopsy specimen of the trunk revealed massive accumulation of histiocytes at dermis. With fat stain, fat substance is demonstrated within the foamy histiocytes. The skull x-ray revealed coin sized, well circumscribed osteolytic lesion on the left parietal bone. By the age of two and half, most of the skin lesions and bone defect on skull x-ray disappeared spontaneously.
Biopsy ; Dermis ; Head ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Numismatics ; Parietal Bone ; Peas ; Scalp ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Skull ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

PURPOSE: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is known to be more common in children with epilepsy than in the general population. Thirty one to forty percent of ADHD is accompanied with epilepsy. Few studies regarding this matter have been reported in Korea. This study was aimed to evaluate the comorbidity of ADHD in children with epilepsy. METHODS: This is a two center based, retrospective and controlled study. Thirty four ADHD children with epilepsy from Chungbuk National University hospital and 38 ADHD children without epilepsy from Cheonju St. Mary's hospital were recruited from January 2005 to June 2010. RESULTS: In ADHD children with epilepsy, twelve (35.2%) had partial seizures, 11 (32.2%) did generalized seizures and 11 (32.2%) were unclassified. EEG abnormalities were found in the frontal lobe (15 cases), in the central lobe (7 cases), in the temporal lobe (6 cases), and in the occipital lobe (3 cases). In ADHD children with epilepsy, the combined type was major (76.4%) and in ADHD children without epilepsy, the inattentive type was major (50.5%) (P=0.004). Learning disability was mor common in ADHD with epilepsy than in ADHD without epilepsy (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed that ADHD children with epilepsy are more likely to have combined type (76.4%) and learning disability as compared with ADHD without epilepsy.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning Disorders ; Occipital Lobe ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe

No abstract available.
Vascular Malformations*

"Hemobilia" upper gastrointestinal bleeding that originates from within the biliary tract, is a rare complication of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. It is more common in accidential or iatrogenic injury of the liver and bile ducts, even occurring spontaneously in cholelithiasis, several inflamatory processes, and vascular and neoplastic changes. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a recently developed and advanced surgical procedure that has rapidly gained acceptance. Its complications remain to be clinically analyzed. The authors experienced a case of massive hemobilia after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 54-years-old man with hemobila resulting from right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm communicating with the intra-hepatic bile duct was treated with angiographic tanscatheter embolization on the of 24th postoperative day. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Aneurysm, False ; Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholelithiasis ; Hemobilia* ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Artery ; Liver

PURPOSE: The purpose for this study is to compare the clinical differences of the two groups (ie. colonic obstruction and non-obstruction) in colonic surgery. METHODS: A retrospective clinical analysis was done in 149 patients with colorectal disease who had been surgically treated from January 1995 to December 1997 at our institution. RESULTS: 1) The peak age of incidence was in the 7th. and 8th. decades (53.3%)in the obstruction group and 6th. and 7th. decades (54.3%) in the non-obstruction group, the sex ratio of male to female was higher in the obstruction group (2.00:1) than in the non-obstruction group (1.04:1). 2) The most common cause of colonic obstruction was malignant disease in both groups (75.4% in the obstruction group and 78.3% in the non-obstruction group). 3) The most frequent symptom and sign of the two groups were abdominal pain (36.8% and 2.6% respectively). 4) The most common location was cecum (24.6%) followed by sigmoid colon (22.8%) and rectum (15.8%) in the obstruction group, and rectum (40.2%) followed by ascending colon (15.2%), cecum (13.0%), and transverse colon (13.1 %) in the non obstruction group. 5) The right hemicolectomy was the most common procedure in the obstruction group (29.8%) while abdominoperineal resection was most frequently performed in the non-obstruction group (23.9 %). The surgical resection rate was 77.4% and 100% in obstruction group and non-obstruction group, respectively. 6) In the case of colon cancer, the stage of cancer (according to Modified Astler-Coller classification) was much higher in the obstruction group. An average 6.5 metastatic lymph nodes were found from 18.5 dissected lymph nodes in the obstruction group whereas 2.7 out of 13.9 lymph nodes in the non-obstruction group. 7) The postoperative complication rate of obstruction group were 21.4% whereas that of non-obstruction group were 15.0% respectively. The postoperative mortality rate was 14% in the obstruction group and 3.3% in the non-obstruction group. The complication rate and postoperative mortality of the obstruction group was higher than those of the non-obstruction group, especially in the malignant disesae group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that the obstruction group has a different clinical course from the non- obstruction group and associated higher postoperative complication and mortality rate.
Abdominal Pain ; Cecum ; Colon* ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio

BACKGROUND: Recently, the number of patients with scalp or hair loss disorder has rapidly been increasing and patient concerns are growing accordingly. With the flood of inadequate information available, many patients depend on treatments of which efficacy has not been proven. OBJECTIVE: To collect data on the awareness, knowledge, and behavior of scalp and hair loss disorders in Korean adults. METHODS: Between June 2015 and May 2016, a total of 1000 dermatologic outpatients, who visited St. Paul's Hospital and the Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong were asked to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of survey responders reported scalp-related symptoms and 44% of all responders indicated that they had alopecia. Most responders (90%) agreed that scalp and hair loss disorders should be treated, and more than 80% thought they should be treated by a dermatologist; although, they hesitated to visit dermatology clinics because of skepticism of treatment effectiveness or economic burden. It was observed that the patients rely heavily on scalp-related products such as shampoo, conditioners, and hair tonic, trusting their effects, which have not been verified to be effective. CONCLUSION: Although patients who have hair loss or scalp diseases need to be treated appropriately by confirmed diagnosis of dermatologists, they often depend on non-professional methods rather than visiting dermatologists. Therefore, dermatologists should concentrate their efforts on correcting the misunderstandings about scalp and hair loss disorders to reduce unnecessary social economic burden.
Adult* ; Alopecia ; Dermatology ; Diagnosis ; Hair* ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Scalp* ; Treatment Outcome