Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrom is characterized by the absence of the vagina and the uterus, the presence of apparently normal tubes and ovaries, feminine appearance, normal female secondary sexual characteristics, a normal 46, XX karyotypes, and a feminine psychosexual orientation. Absence of the vagina results from an embryological arrest in the development of the lower portion of the Mullerian system. Various methods of surgical treatment for the vaginal absence in this syndrom have been introduced but the ideal method to restore the original dimension and function of the normal vagina was not found. The two cases reviewed in this paper were all treated with modified McIndoe operation using full thickness skin grafts. Postoperatively both women were satisfied without complications, i,e. lack of skin graft, bleeding, urethrovaginal fistula, perforation of the rectum, rectovaginal fistula and significant vaginal stricture. This paper reveals the satisfactory results that were uniformly good.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Ovary ; Rectovaginal Fistula ; Rectum ; Skin* ; Transplants* ; Uterus ; Vagina

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

Transcranial cerebral oximetry has been successfully used in a variety of neurosurgical conditions, primarily those associated with disturbed cerebral circulation. It has been also used in intraoperative monitoring of aortic dissection and surgical procedures performed under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. During disending aortic arch exposure, sudden cerebral oxygen saturation change from 63% to 48% was detected. After therapeutic bypass, cerebral oxygen saturation was increased to 65%. During aortic arch repair, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion was applied for 130 min and cerebral oxygen saturation slowly decreased from 65% to 52%. Patient was discharged from hospital without neurologic complication and cognitive funtion disturbance.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Oximetry ; Oxygen* ; Perfusion

OBJECTIVE: Because endometriosis is difficult to diagnose and has a high recurrence rate after treatment, a reliable serum marker of endometriosis is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the serum levels of CA125 and CA19-9 in patients with endometriosis before and after treatment and during recurrence, and to assess the usefulness of these levels in the diagnosis, clinical follow up and prediction of recurrence in endometriosis. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients who visited the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Ewha Mokdong Hospital from January 1994 to December 1998 and were diagnosed as endometriosis by laparoscopy or explo-laparotomy were enrolled as subjects. A retrospective analysis of serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels at 1 month before and 3 to 6 months after initiation of treatment was done. RESULTS: The serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels of endometriosis group(81.0+/-252.5, 36.6+/-53.4 ; mean+/-2SD, U/ml) before treatment was significantly higher than control group(11.6+/-12.8, 9.4+/-8.6)(p<0.05). Overall sensitivity rate for CA125, CA19-9 levels and both was 53.4%, 42.9% and 64.3% respectively. The sensitivity rate for endometriosis, stage 3 and 4(85.4%, 55.0%) was significantly higher than that, stage 1 and 2(p<0.05). The serum CA125 level in endometriosis group showed a significant increment according to stages(p<0.05) while the serum CA19-9 level showed an increasing trend(p=0.055) and both levels decreased significantly after treatment(p<0.05). The serum CA125 level was also higher at recurrence after treatment(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels are a useful marker for diagnosing severity of disease, monitoring efficacy of treatment and predicting recurrence in endometriosis.
Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Obstetrics ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Bowen's Disease*

No abstract available in English.
Calcaneus ; Clinical Study

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive* ; Platelet Activation*

Although bimaxillary surgery enhances patients' self-esteem and mood by improving their facial appearance, surgical outcome assessments for this procedure are limited. This preliminary study investigated differences in brain activity on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during self-face evaluation before and after bimaxillary surgery. Three patients (1 man and 2 women, age range: 20–27 years) underwent fMRI while viewing self-face images before and after bimaxillary surgery for maxillofacial deformity. The activation in the left postcentral gyrus, and medial orbital frontal cortex was significantly great in response to after-surgery self-face images compared to before-surgery images. Our preliminary results may facilitate the development of an objective measure for patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery including bimaxillary surgery.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the minimum optimal scale(MOS) of the self-employed health insurance associations. Considering the high proportion of operating expenses, the author have selected 254 regional health insurance associations from the 1990 Finance Report of the self-employed health insurance programs. both a quadratic function and a hyperbolic function were chosen for the analysis. The dependent variables are the average maintenance cost per insured person and per household, and the independent variables are the number of insured members and of household. The minimum optimal scale was obtained from the differentiation of the quadratic function. Major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The M.O.S. was calculated as 166,174 members (27,442 households) for the rural self-employed health insurance associations and 258,462 members (75,446 households) for the urban. Providing that both the rural and urban health insurance associations would e integrated, the M.O.S. be found to become 231,687 members (68,101 households) 2. Compared with the optimal minimum scale, the magnitude of the current health insurance association found to be much smaller, less than half of the optimal scale. 3. In order to reduce the operating cost, it is necessary to enlarge the operational scale of self-employed health insurance associations.
Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health* ; Korea* ; Urban Health