PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of job stress, team cohesion, organizational justice and workplace bullying among Korean general hospitals nurses.METHODS: During December 2016 and January, 2017, a survey of 198 nurses was done using structured self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying was 12.1%. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that task cohesion (β=−.20, p=.040) as a sub-factor of team cohesion and job stress (β=.19, p=.047) were predictive of workplace bullying (Adj. R²=.11, p < .001).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that team cohesion and job stress are associated with workplace bullying by nurses. Building a well-organized management plan which reduces job stress and promotes team cohesion is recommended for the registered nurses.
Bullying ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nurses ; Prevalence ; Social Justice

A worsening scenario of drug-resistant tuberculosis has increased the need for new treatment strategies to tackle this worldwide emergency. There is a pressing need to simplify and shorten the current 6-month treatment regimen for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Rifamycins and fluoroquinolones, as well as several new drugs, are potential candidates under evaluation. At the same time, treatment outcomes of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis should be improved through optimizing the use of fluoroquinolones, repurposed agents and newly developed drugs. In this context, the safety and tolerance of new therapeutic approaches must be addressed.
Animals ; Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; *Drug Discovery ; *Drug Repositioning ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Humans ; Lung/*drug effects/microbiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/pathogenicity ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/*drug therapy/microbiology

Patient survival is one of the most important measures for the evaluation of progress in cancer patient care across the wide spectrum from diagnosis to treatment. The optimal monitoring method for cancer patient survival is to estimate survival based on representative data from cancer patients in the population, which is only achievable through using population-based cancer registration data. Relative survival is used to compare the survival experience in a study cohort that expected to result from background population mortality rates. This technique is useful when the cause of death is not accurate or not available, since it provides a measure of excess mortality in a group of patients with a certain disease. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the procedures for estimating relative survival using the statistical software Stata. For this survival analysis to show the procedure, the example data set was randomly selected from the National Cancer Incidence Database, which was used in a recent article reporting the overall relative survival of cancer patients diagnosed during 1993-2002 in Korea.
Cause of Death ; Cohort Studies ; Dataset ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mortality ; Patient Care ; Survival Analysis*

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a population of adult stem cells residing in many tissues, mainly bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. Due to the safety and availability of standard procedures and protocols for isolation, culturing, and characterization of these cells, MSCs have emerged as one of the most promising sources for cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy. Once transplanted into a damaged heart, MSCs release paracrine factors that nurture the injured area, prevent further adverse cardiac remodeling, and mediate tissue repair along with vasculature. Numerous preclinical studies applying MSCs have provided significant benefits following myocardial infarction. Despite promising results from preclinical studies using animal models, MSCs are not up to the mark for human clinical trials. As a result, various approaches have been considered to promote the therapeutic potency of MSCs, such as genetic engineering, physical treatments, growth factor, and pharmacological agents. Each strategy has targeted one or multi-potentials of MSCs. In this review, we will describe diverse approaches that have been developed to promote the therapeutic potential of MSCs for cardiac regenerative therapy. Particularly, we will discuss major characteristics of individual strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy of MSCs including scientific principles, advantages, limitations, and improving factors. This article also will briefly introduce recent novel approaches that MSCs enhanced therapeutic potentials of other cells for cardiac repair.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a population of adult stem cells residing in many tissues, mainly bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord. Due to the safety and availability of standard procedures and protocols for isolation, culturing, and characterization of these cells, MSCs have emerged as one of the most promising sources for cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy. Once transplanted into a damaged heart, MSCs release paracrine factors that nurture the injured area, prevent further adverse cardiac remodeling, and mediate tissue repair along with vasculature. Numerous preclinical studies applying MSCs have provided significant benefits following myocardial infarction. Despite promising results from preclinical studies using animal models, MSCs are not up to the mark for human clinical trials. As a result, various approaches have been considered to promote the therapeutic potency of MSCs, such as genetic engineering, physical treatments, growth factor, and pharmacological agents. Each strategy has targeted one or multi-potentials of MSCs. In this review, we will describe diverse approaches that have been developed to promote the therapeutic potential of MSCs for cardiac regenerative therapy. Particularly, we will discuss major characteristics of individual strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy of MSCs including scientific principles, advantages, limitations, and improving factors. This article also will briefly introduce recent novel approaches that MSCs enhanced therapeutic potentials of other cells for cardiac repair.

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare disease caused by the obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow or the inferior vena cava above the hepatic vein. It has been attributed to various etiologic factors. Including intrinsic vascular thrombosis, hepatic tumor invasion/compression, or associated with an idiopathic obstructing membrane. However, in most cases no definitive etiologic factors have been identified. Recently, we experienced a case of 21-year-old man who had Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with diaphragmatic hernia. Venous flow returned to normal on reintroduction of the liver into the abdominal cavity and closure of the defect in the diaphragm. To our knowledge, this is the rare report in our country. Here, we report this case with review of literatures.
Abdominal Cavity ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome* ; Diaphragm ; Hepatic Veins ; Hernia ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Humans ; Liver ; Membranes ; Rare Diseases ; Thrombosis ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The CarboMedics prosthetic heart valve was produced in an attempt to improve the existing valve designs and was especially concerned with easily the implantation and further reduction of turbulence. Precise positioning of the valve in situ was achieved by the abilityof the valve to rotate relative to the sewing ring. Improved monitoring is possible due to increased radiopacity and the dacron sewing ring is coated with carbon to reduce pannus overgrowth. The leaflets have an opening angle of 78 degrees that apparently allows a rapid synchronous closure The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical performance of the CarboMedics valve prostheses(45 mitral 13 aortic and 7 double aortic-mitral valve replacement) were implanted in 65 patients(mean age 48.75+/-9.74 years) RESULT: The operative mortality was 3.1%(2/65) causes of death were low cardiac output syndrome. Total follow up was 1831 patient-months and mean follow up was 29.06+/-10.97 months/patient. No structural failure hemorrhage valve thrombosis and late death have been observed. Embolism occurred at a rate of 0.65%/Patient-year. Actuarial survival and thrombombolism free rate at 36 months were 96.9% and 98.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CarboMedics valve stands for low valve related complicatons.
Carbon ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cause of Death ; Embolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valves* ; Heart* ; Hemorrhage ; Mortality ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: We analyzed the oncological outcome and prognostic factor of the chondrosarcoma arising from benign bone tumor due to malignant transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1986 to April 2009, 18 cases were considered eligible. We analyzed retrospectively the patient's characteristics and prognostic factors that affect to the local recurrence and distant metastasis. RESULTS: As classified by primary benign bone tumor, 4 cases were solitary osteochondroma, 11 cases were multiple osteochondromatosis and 3 cases were multiple enchondromatosis. The mean follow-up period was 85 months. The 5-year disease free survival rate of 18 patients was 85.9%. Their overall MSTS score was 25.2 (84%). There were local recurrence in 3 cases and no distant metastasis. We found that tumor location and surgical margin affected to the prognosis significantly. CONCLUSION: In secondary chondrosarcoma patients, the prognosis was good relatively and tumor location and surgical margin are important prognosis factor.
Chondrosarcoma ; Disease-Free Survival ; Enchondromatosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteochondroma ; Osteochondromatosis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

A clinical & statistical analysis was made on 325 cases of premature & low birth weight infants, admitted to the department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, during the period. Of September, 1968 to august, 1976. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Sex ratio was 1.1 :1 between male & female. 2. Monthly distribution showed higher incidence in cold season than in warm season. 3. In regard to the place of delivery, there showed increasing tendency of hospital delivery. 4. Important predisposing factors disclosed toxemia of pregnancy, inappropriate pelvic condition, acute infection & twin delivery in order of frequency. Among them toxemia of pregnancy was the most important. 5. Overall incidence of premature delivery was 5.0% in 1968 and 3.1% in 1975 and revealed. Decreasing tendency. 6. Concerning the order of pregnancy, the highest incidence was among the 1st pregnancy. (33.2%). 7. In low birth weight infants, Apgar score was higher weight group. 8. The mortality rate was higher in males and in the group of out side delivery. The highest mortality rate was noted in the birth weight group of 1001-1250 gm. The larger the gestational period the lower the mortality rate was also noted. 9. Most of the deaths occurred during the first 48 hours and sharp decrease after the 3rd day of life. Main causes of death were idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. 10. Initial weight loss was marked between the 7 th and 11 th day of life and about 10% of birth weight. The lower weight group showed the greater loss. 11. Regain as well as true weight gain during the 1 st month of life was slower in low birth weight group.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Causality ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mortality ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss

Histiocytosis-X is a term used to define three diseases with similar morphologic characteristics : Letterer-Siwe diseae, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Eosinophilic granuloma. In general, they differ in terms of their age of onset, severity of clinical course and site of involvement. Eosinophilic granuloma typically is seen in young adults. Eosinophilic granuloma is diagnosed in the presense of diffuse pulmonary infiltrate, bony involvement. However, the Pulmonary radiologic findings of eosinophilic granuloma are variable accordinary to stage of disease. therefore pathologic diagnosis of involving site is essential for confirmative diagnosis of eosinophilic grananuloma. Pathologically. the three disease are characterized by granulomatous infiltration of alveolar septa and bronchial walls and often involvement of bone. The hallmark of this disease is proliferation of the Langerhans' cell. The identifying feature is the X-body or Birbeck granule that is present in Langerhans' cells and histiocytic cells found in the lung of EG patient. We report a case of bilateral, recurrent and spontaneous pneumothoraces in a 21 year old man with pulmonary histiocytosis-X which is confined by eosinophilc granuloma in bone marrow biopsy and ultrastructural examination in cells obtained from BAL.
Age of Onset ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Eosinophils ; Granuloma ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumothorax* ; Young Adult