No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

Clinical and statistical observation was made on outpatient inpatients and operations in Urology Department of the Capital Army Hospital during the period from Jan., 1962 to Dec. 1963 and the results (1) Clinical statistics on outpatients. 1) Total outpatient were 2213 cases, 2179 males and U females, and the male to female ratio was 64.1:1. 2) The number of outpatient increased in winter and decreased in summer. 3) According to age distribution, the majority of the patients (96.2%) where between 21 and 40 years of age. 4) The most common diseases were urethritis (35.7%) showing annual increase, while redundant prepuce, urolithiasis, injury of genito-urinary tract, nonspecific epididymitis and hydrocele, showing annual decrease. 5) Renal tuberculosis showed annual decrease and tuberculous epididymitis, annual increase. (II) Clinical statistics on inpatients. 1) The inpatients during 2 years were 241 cases which comprised10.9% of total outpatients. The male inpatients stood for 11% of total outpatient and the female inpatients, 5.9%. 2) The most common disease were renal tuberculosis, hydrocele, non-specific epididymitis, stones of kidney and ureter, tuberculous epididymitis, urethral rupture and scrotal hematoma. (III) Clinical statistics on operations. The number of total operations were 640 during 2 years. Circumcision comprised 34.0% of total operations, vasectomy, 30.6% Nephrectomy, 6.1% ; epididymectomy, 6.1%, hydrocelectomy, 4.1% and plastic surgery of urethra, 2.3%. One case of Bricker's operation was performed.
Age Distribution ; Circumcision, Male ; Epididymitis ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hospitals, Military* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Kidney ; Korea* ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Outpatients* ; Rupture ; Seoul* ; Surgery, Plastic ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urethritis ; Urolithiasis ; Urology* ; Vasectomy

PURPOSE: Achieving good eyelid position and symmetric palpebral fissure for asymmetric bialteral congenital ptosis would require skillful technique and a lot of experiences of surgeon. Patients were divided into two groups, A and B, in terms of preoperative MRD and the possible relationship between preoperative MRD difference. The outcome of the surgery was studied. METHODS: External levator resection with apponeurotic approach was performed for 19 patients with asymmetric bilateral congenital ptosis from October 1994 to June 2000. According to differences of MRD between the both eyes, patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 8 patients with 1.0~2.0 mm of MRD differences, and group B included 11 patients with more than 2.0 mm of MRD differences. RESULTS: Age of patients ranged from 3 to 20 years (mean 6.1 years) and follow-up period was 9 to 60 months (mean 20 months). Six patients of group A and seven patients of group B showed almost excellent symmetric palpebral fissure. Only one patient of group B had postoperative MRD difference more than 2.0 mm, and none in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Success rate was 100% in group A and 91% in group B, but no statistical difference was found between group A and group B (p>0.05).
Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

The authors reviewed 104 cases(51 men and 53 women) of the orbital tumors diagnosed hitopathologically at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1984 to April 1996. Age istribution of the orbital tumors was reviewed. Eighty-four cases of benign tumors were found evenly distributed in all decades, but twenty cases of malignant tumors were mainly distributed in 1st, 6th, and 7th decades. The frequency of benign orbital tumors was in the following order; dermolipoma(19%, 20 cases), dermoid cyst(13.5%, 14 cases), mucocele(7.7%, 8 cases), lipoma(6.7%, 7 cases) and pleomorphic adenoma (5.8%, 6 cases). Of malignant orbital tumors, the frequency was in the following order; retinoblastoma (3 cases), malignant melanoma (2 cases), sebaceous carcinoma(2 cases), and maxillary sinus carcinoma (2 cases). Malignant orbital tumors of eight expired cases were revealed as secondary or metastatic orbital tumors.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Classification* ; Dermoid Cyst ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Melanoma ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit* ; Retinoblastoma

PURPOSE: To describe the sonographic findings of nasal bone fracture and evaluate the diagnostic value of sonography (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with sustained nasal trauma underwent plain radiography, US and CT, and the CT findings were used as the gold standard. The sonographic findings were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of radiography and CT. Twelve patients underwent follow-up US within 3 months of reduction. RESULTS: Sonographic findings of nasal bone fractures were irregularity (n=7), discontinuity (n=25) and dis-placement with discontinuity (n=28) of the thin smooth echogenic line formed by the ventral cortex of the nasal bone. Sixty-five nasal bone fractures (36 patients) were identified by CT; 60 of these were revealed on US but only 41 by plain radiographs. CT demonstrated unilateral involvement of nasal bone fractures in seven bones and bilateral involvement in 58, while US revealed unilateral involvement in 12 and bilateral involvement in 48. Plain radiographs, unilat-eral involvement in 21 bones and bilateral fractures in 20. Plain radiographs were more limited in detecting the location of nasal bone fractures than was US. On follow-up US in 12 patients, normal alignment without residual abnormality was observed in seven patients, residual cortical irregularities in four, and minimal cortical depression in one. CONCLUSION: The sonographic findings of nasal bone fractures were similar to those of CT in detecting the location and degree of depression or displacement of nasal bone fractures. We believe that US is very useful for the evaluation of such fractures, especially in cases in which plain radiographs reveal equivocal abnormality, or postreduction status is uncertain.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nasal Bone* ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

Of the many potential source of free radial generation, the enzyme xanthine oxidase has been shown to be important in ischemia in non-cerebral tissues. Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in various pathological conditions including ischemia. Xanthine oxidase serve as a source of oxidizing agents such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. It is investigated that the effect of a specific xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, on infarct size in a model of continuous partial cerebral ischemia in rats. Infarct volume was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of brains removed 24 hours after middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Cortical tissue was more effectively protected than basal tissue, especially in allopurinol pretreated group. On histological examinations, hemispheric swelling, PMN cell infiltration and endothelial damage were noted irrespective of allopurinol treatment. It was speculated that free radicals are important in infarction secondary to partial continuous cerebral ischemia and that xanthine oxidase may by the primary source of these radicals.
Allopurinol* ; Animals ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Infarction ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Oxidants ; Rats ; Superoxides ; Xanthine Oxidase

We investigated the fibrovascular ingrowth and fibrovascular tissue maturation of hydroxyapatite-coated, porous alumina sphere (Alumina sphere) in comparison with the hydroxyapatite sphere (HAp sphere) in rabbits. Alumina spheres and HAp spheres were implanted in the left orbits of 42 New Zealand white rabbits after enucleation. Fibrovascular ingrowth and maturation were graded from 1 to 5 at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks. We defined 4 phases: postoperative 1-2 weeks as phase I, 3-4 weeks as phase II, 8-12 weeks as phase III, and 24 weeks as phase IV. The grade was analyzed at each phases. There was no significant difference in fibrovascular ingrowth and maturation between the two groups at all 4 phases, except phase II at which the Alumina sphere showed significantly lower maturation grade (p< 0.05). We concluded that the Alumina sphere is an ideal orbital implant material and an ideal substitute for the HAp sphere in clinical practice.
*Aluminum Oxide ; Animals ; *Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; *Durapatite ; Eye Enucleation ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*physiology ; *Orbital Implants ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Rabbits ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

We report a series of 19 consecutive patients with post-traumatic cerebral infarction. Post-traumatic cerebral infarction(PTCI) was diagnosed by CT within 24 hours of admission in 6 cases and up to 14 days after admission in 13 cases of 1092 patients who required cranial CT for trauma during the period. The frequency, vaascular territories, cause, and mortality rate of post traumatic cerebral infarction were discussed.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Mortality

Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It is characterized by a progressive loss of peripheral nerve fibers. The development of the neuropathy is linked to poor glycemic control, age, and the duration of diabetes. Peripheral sensory polyneuropathy is the most common type in neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is the most significant etiologic factorof the foot ulcer that may leads to amputation. Current treatments in diabetic neuropathy have no definitive effects on repair or reverse the damaged nerve but only to relieve of symptoms, especially on pain. When the focal compressive neuropathy is combined with diabetic neuropathy, the nerve would be more vulnerable and symptoms might get worse. Surgery is indicated for decompression of an entrapped nerve, like posterior tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel, after failure of the initial conservative treatments.
Amputation ; Decompression ; Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Foot Ulcer ; Peripheral Nerves ; Polyneuropathies ; Tibial Nerve

BACKGROUND: Many non-invasive, continuous-monitoring blood culture systems have introduced technology that reduces the time and labor. There is a report that terminal subculture is necessary to decrease false negative. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the terminal subcultures for blood cultures monitored by VITAL system and to determine the clinical significance of positive blood cultures not detected by VITAL system. METHODS: From June to August 1996, a total of 3,988 blood culture bottles were processed by VITAL system and terminal subcultures were performed on consecutive 5 day blood culture. Any culture that was instrument positive but negative upon terminal subculture was considered to be false positive. Any culture that was instrument negative but positive upon terminal subculture was considered to be false negative. And false negative were categorized into minor and major errors. RESULTS: Two-hundred and nineteen (5.5%) out of 3,988 blood culture bottles were signaled as positive by VITAL system. Twenty-four bottles out of 219 were VITAL positive but negative upon terminal subcultures (false positive rate, 0.8%). And seven of the 3,988 terminal subcultures were false negative (0.2%). Four out of seven were major error and three were minor error. The isolates of major error bottles were Staphylococcus spp. and minor error bottles were Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis. These isolates were clinically significant pathogens, but there were no changes on antimicrobial chemotherapy after reporting the positive blood culture reports. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that using VITAL system, terminal subculture of 5 day instrument-negative blood culture bottles is not necessary and the VITAL system provides for the rapid and convenient tool for detecting bacteremia.
Bacteremia ; Candida tropicalis ; Drug Therapy ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus