no abstract available.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer and there had been a great deal of interest in surveillance and detection of pancreatic cancer. According to presence of genetic mutation, CP can be classified into hereditary CP and sporadic CP. CP with PRSS1 gene mutation showed a high incidence of pancreatic cancer justifying screening and surveillance for those older than 40 years. But CP with other mutations and sporadic CP have relatively low incidence of pancreatic cancer and surveillance is not recommended. While computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is widely used for screening, endoscopic ultrasound is not recommended because of parenchymal inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification associated with CP. However, when a patient with CP has multiple risk factors for pancreatic cancer, risk of pancreatic cancer increases significantly. Patients with CP have increased risk of pancreatic cancer at five years after diagnosis; individualized screening and surveillance based on symptoms and specific circumstances should be considered. Patients with CP have a high risk of malnutrition and malnutrition is quite common. Clinicians should assess nutritional status and implement nutritional support. Nutritional support must include both macronutrients and micronutrients. Given the high risk of osteoporosis and osteopathy in CP, clinicians should consider early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Consultation with nutritional support team is highly recommended.

No abstract available.
Plastics* ; Stents*

Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with a poor prognosis and is one of the most painful malignancies. Therefore, adequate pain control is essential to improving the patient's quality of life. Pain in pancreatic cancer has complex pathophysiologic mechanisms and different characteristics. The choice of pain management modalities should be individualized depending on the pain characteristics using a multidisciplinary approach. The treatment options available include medical treatment, chemotherapy, celiac plexus/ganglion neurolysis, radiotherapy, and endoscopic technique. This review discusses the medical and interventional options, leading to optimal pain management in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Ultrasonography

Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with a poor prognosis and is one of the most painful malignancies. Therefore, adequate pain control is essential to improving the patient's quality of life. Pain in pancreatic cancer has complex pathophysiologic mechanisms and different characteristics. The choice of pain management modalities should be individualized depending on the pain characteristics using a multidisciplinary approach. The treatment options available include medical treatment, chemotherapy, celiac plexus/ganglion neurolysis, radiotherapy, and endoscopic technique. This review discusses the medical and interventional options, leading to optimal pain management in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy

With the widespread adoption of health check-ups, tumor markers are being used for screening healthy individuals without symptoms related to cancer. Although CA 19-9 is known to have diagnostic value when a patient presents with symptoms, the evidence for its clinical value as a cancer screening test in asymptomatic patients is still lacking. However, patients who experience an increase in CA 19-9 levels may feel anxious about the possibility of having cancer and may seek medical attention. If the CA 19-9 level is elevated, it may be necessary to consider initial testing for malignant tumors of the pancreas. It should be recognized that the level can also increase in malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, and reproductive organs. Since the CA 19-9 levels can also increase in various benign diseases, it is important to evaluate if there is an underlying benign disease through appropriate testing and follow-up to reduce patient anxiety and discontinue unnecessary follow-up tests.