Among 666 premature infants or low birthweight infants who were admitted in NICU of St. Francisco General Hospital from January 1990 to Jun 1992, 96 infants were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity by indirect ophthalmoscope. The result were follows: 1) Among 666 patients, retinopathy of prematurity developed in 96 patients(14.1%) 2) The high incidence was observed in low birthweight and small gestational age. 3) Mean age of first diagnosing time was 42.0( 12 day of life and mean gestational age was 31.8 2.5 weeks and mean birthweight was 1646.5 (350.7gm. 4) In gestational age, birthweight and duration of oxygen therapy, there was statistically difference between cryotherapy group and spontaneous regression group. Other possible risk factors-hyaline membrane disease, apnea, anemia-were showed higher incidence in cryotherapy group. 5) Among the 20 infants who were treated with cryotherapy, 16 infants (80%) showed regression of neovascularization.
Apnea ; Cryotherapy ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Oxygen ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

During the past three years, in 1,607 selected general anesthetic cases, the authors have observed the influence of various drugs used in anesthesia and the patient's physical status upon the blood pressure during and immediately following endotracheal intubation. The results are as follows: 1) Blood pressure was higher during and for a period of 10 minutes after intubation than the control. 2) In the cases premedicated with Demerol and atropine intubation. Following intubation, however, blood pressure halothane anesthesia. 3) In patients with poor physical status, blood pressure more following intubation when either halothane or ether was employed. 4) Patients with poor physical status seemed to tolerate, considering the blood pressure change, ether better than holothane anesthesia.5) In the beginning of induction, blood pressure tended to fall less with gallamine than with succinylcholine chloride.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Ether ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Halothane ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Meperidine ; Succinylcholine

No abstract available.
Seroepidemiologic Studies*

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Nocardia*

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms are extremely rare in children. Conventional management of pseudoaneurysms in adults has included surgical repair, ultrasound-guided compression, and more recently, endovascular embolization. However, in infants and children, there is little information regarding the applicability of such treatment modalities, which have been effective in adults, because of its rarity. Here, we present the case of a 6-month-old infant who developed a postprocedural pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery, which was successfully treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Child ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Infant* ; Thrombin*

The authors have experienced two cases of general anesthesia for repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Both patients were female (1 year 5 months and 8 months of age) and had left sided Bochdalek hernia. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane-oxygen using nonrebreathing system with Ruben valve, and the patients tolerated the whole procedure very well. The importance of maintaining adequate ventilation with high concentrations of oxygen and avoiding abdominal distension has been stressed.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Female ; Hernia ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital* ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Ventilation

Ketamine hydrochloride is a phencyclidine derivatives and dissociative anesthetics. Ketamine induce the pulmonary vasoconetrietion in vivo. This study was designed to deter- mine the direct effect of the ketamine on the rabbit pulmonary artery in vitro. Isolated pulmonary artery was precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) 10-7M in the 20 ml organ bath. Concentration of ketamine was gradually increased 10-5M, 10 4M and 10-3M at 10 minutes intervals. I divided forty three experimental speeimens into 5 groups : pulmonary artery with and without endothelium, pretreated with indomethacin, nitrow-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) and methylene blue. The results were as follows : 1. Norepinephrine precontracted pulmonary arterial tone wss significantly decreased by ketamine(10-3M), and the relaxing percent were 81.0 19.3, 60.6 55.4 (Mean S.D.) in unrubbed and rubbed endothelium, respectively (p<0.05). 2. The changes of vascular tone in denuding and intact groups were not significantly different. 3. Vasorelaxation induced by ketamine was not related with nitric oxide(NO) synthase, cyclooxygenase and soluble guanylate cyclase. Ketamine induce relaxation of the rabbit pulmonary artery, especially at 10-3 M concentra- tion. The relaxing effect was not related with endothelium presence, nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase and soluble guanylate cyclase pathways. This data suggest that the relaxing effect of ketamine was not associated with endothelium, Nitric oxide, prostacyclin and cyclic guanosinemonophosphate.
Anesthetics, Dissociative ; Arteries ; Baths ; Endothelium ; Epoprostenol ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Indomethacin ; Ketamine* ; Methylene Blue ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Norepinephrine ; Phencyclidine ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Pulmonary Artery ; Relaxation ; Vasodilation

In an attempt to observe the influence of the spinal anesthesia on the systolic blood pressure, 350 cases of the spinal anesthesia ranging from 16 to 60 years of age were analyzed. The spinal anesthetics in this study was hyperbaric solution of 0.5% tetracaine in 6 or 10% D/W. The 350 cases were put into 4 groups by their preanesthetic systolic blood pressure and by post anesthetic dermatome of sensory block, and then the alteration of blood pressure in systolic of each group was studied. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The maximal fall of blood pressure was seen at 10 min. after spinal anesthesia. 2) Of the groups of the same sensory block dermatome, the fall of the more prominent in the higher initial systolic blood pressure group. 3) Of the groups of the same initial systolic blood pressure, the fall of was more prominent in the higher sensory block dermatome group. 4) The most prominent fall of the systolic blood pressure during spinal anesthesia was seen on the highest sensory block dermatome and initial systolic blood pressure.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure* ; Tetracaine

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to comparatively assess the bone regenerative capacity of absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), biphasic calcium phosphate block (BCP) and collagenated biphasic calcium phosphate (CBCP) loaded with a low dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). METHODS: The CBCP was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In rabbit calvaria, four circular 8-mm-diameter defects were created and assigned to one of four groups: (1) blood-filled group (control), (2) rhBMP-2-soaked absorbable collagen sponge (0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mL; CS group), (3) rhBMP-2-loaded BCP (BCP group), or (4) rhBMP-2-loaded CBCP (CBCP group). The animals were sacrificed either 2 weeks or 8 weeks postoperatively. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS: The CBCP showed web-like collagen fibrils on and between particles. Greater dimensional stability was observed in the BCP and CBCP groups than in the control and the CS groups at 2 and 8 weeks. The new bone formation was significantly greater in the BCP and CBCP groups than in the control and CS groups at 2 weeks, but did not significantly differ among the four groups at 8 week. The CBCP group exhibited more new bone formation in the intergranular space and in the center of the defect compared to the BCP group at 2 weeks, but a similar histologic appearance was observed in both groups at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The dose of rhBMP-2 in the present study enhanced bone regeneration in the early healing period when loaded on BCP and CBCP in rabbit calvarial defects.
Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium ; Collagen ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteogenesis ; Porifera ; Skull ; X-Ray Diffraction

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Pancreas*