No abstract available.
Reference Values*

BACKGROUND: Fibrostenosis of large airway due to tuberculosis is one of the most perplexing clinical problems not only because it can lead to respiratory failure but also because of difficulty in the management. No one technique, such as balloon dilatation or insertion of self expandable metallic steno, has proved totally satisfactory in the management of fibrostenosis. We evaluated the effect of laser therapy in patient with severe fibrostenosis due to tuberculosis. METHOD: We classified the fibrostenosis to three types by bronchoscopic finding - the diaphragm type: stenosed by fibrous diaphragm, sparing the tracheobronchial wall, the collapse type: stenosed by collapse of the wall due. to destruction of the cartilage, and the combined type: stenosed by nonspecific inflammatory scar tissue within internal lumen with collapse of the wall. We have treated 10 patients complaining dyspnea due to with severe fibrostenosis of the diaphargm or the combined type using a neodymiumyttrium aluminum garnet(Nd-YAG) laser through a flexible bronchoscopy. RESULTS: Eight of the 10 cases improved after laser therapy and maintained during a follow up period of average 31.9 months. All of the cases undergoing laser therapy showed no serious complication to need the therapy. CONCLUSION: The results of our present study indicate that the Nd-YAG laser therapy is an effective and safe method for the management of selective tuberculous fibrostenosis.
Aluminum ; Bronchoscopy ; Cartilage ; Cicatrix ; Diaphragm ; Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tuberculosis

A study was performed to observe the sequential morphological change of the human placental barrier by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The examined placentas ranged in age from 4 weeks gestation to the full-term(40 weeks). Sixty seven placental specimens were obtained immediately after delivery. With the progression of gestation, the microvilli on the surface of syncytinum tended to be fewer, shorter and blunter. The syncytiotrophoblasts were getting thinner with formation of vasculo-syncytial membrane. The cytotrophoblasts formed a continuous layer which progressively disappeared but still present in the mature villi. In view of presence of intermediate cells and remnant of desmosomes, the cytotrophoblasts appeared to form the syncytiotrophoblasts. In early pregnancy, capillary formation took place by the aggregation and differentiation of the proliferation and aggregation of endothelial cells and pericytes. Myofibroblasts in villous stroma were examined by desmin immunohistochemical staining, and detected from 19 weeks to the full-term. During last period of pregancy definitive smooth muscle cells could be demonstrated, suggesting that the presence of myofibroblasts or smooth muscle cells are closely related to the placental maturity. Scanning electron microscopy of the early placenta showed numerous syncytial sprouts representing stages in the formation of new villi, but in the late period of gestation syncytial sprouts were diminished. It is concluded that the syncytiotrophoblast is originated from the cytotrophoblast in early pregnancy as the placental barrier is formulated. Moreover, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in villous stroma play important role in placental maturation.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of endotoxin in various organs after intraperitoneal injection of E. coli homogenator(0111:B4, 3X10(9)cells/200g of body weight). Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli homogenator and sacrificed 1 and 3 hours after injection. The lung, liver, and kidney were immunohistochemically stained with avidin-biotin complex method and observed by light and electron microscopy. On the light microscopy, granular deposits of reaction products of immunohistochemical stain were found on the cytoplasmic membrane of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells of all organs observed. Electron microscopic study revealed finely granular reaction products on the surface of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells. The pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells demonstrated reaction products in the early phase of experiment. The distribution of reaction products were prominent in the liver among three organs. The Kupffer cells showed the most sensitive and strongest positive reaction. The hepatocytes and endothelial cells revealed weak positive reaction 3 hours later. The alveolar macrophages of the lung were also positive from the early phase of endotoxemia, while the pneumocytes and alveolar septa demonstrated weakly positive reaction in the later phase. The capillary endothelium of the kidney revealed positive reaction from the early phase. According to above results, it is concluded that the endotoxin entered into the systemic circulation was captured in the liver and lung. And both mononuclear phagocytic system and endothelial cells could be activated or damaged by endotoxin.
Rats ; Animals

Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm usually associated with ocular adnexa. This malignancy may occur at any anatomic site that contains sebaceous glands. Despite the widespread anatomic distribution of sebaceous glands, extraocular sebaceous carcinoma occurs with far less frequency. We report a case of an 87-year-old Korean woman with extraocular sebaceous carcinoma treated with total excision.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Sebaceous Glands

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Holoprosencephaly*

Small and large airways functions were studied in patients with hypertensive heart disease in slightly ro moderately compromised state functionally. In this study, the forced vital capacity and various flow paramaeters reflecting expiratory flow rate were determined from simultaneously recorded forced expiratory volume and maximal expiretory flow volume curves in 86 cases. The closing volume was measured by a single breath nitrogen mrthod in 57 cases and airway resistance with its related parameters by a body plethysmograph in 11 cases. These results were compared with those obtained from the same numbers of healthy controls matched for sex, age and height. In the patient group, the forced vital capadity and all the observed values of flow parameters, execpt for the ratio of the first second vital capacity to the forced vital capacity, were significantly reduced than those in the controls. When the remainder of flow parameters was volume-adjusted to the forced vital capacity, however, the mean of the peak expiratory flow rate and the maximal expiratory flow rate at the 75 percent of the vital capacity were not significantly different from that of controls. In contrast, the volume-adjusted values of maximal expiratory flow were remained significantly smaller than those in the controls. The closing volume and its ratio to the vital capacity were significantly larger in the patient group. Airway resistance and its related parameters revealed no significant differences between two groups. These findings suggest that the patients with hypertensive heart disease in a mild to moderate failure are associated with restrictive ventilatory impairment and a small airways obstruction, but with little or no large airway dysfunction.
Airway Resistance ; Closing Volume ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate ; Nitrogen ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Vital Capacity

No abstract available.
Bronchiectasis*