Enterobacter cloacae is isolated from 10 newborns in the neonatal Intensive care unit(NICU) of Seoul Red Cross Hospital from April, 1997 to June, 1997. Their gestational age is from 195-299 days(mean 244.3 days), and their birth weight was from 980-4,100g(mean 2,287g). We obtained 16 E, cloacae strains form their blood, urine, endotracheal tube, umbilical catheter and 4 of them were isolated from the same patient at different culture sites. We also obtained another 3 strains of E. cloacae from 14 persons who worked in NICU and 26 places of NICU. We analysed the molecular types of 19 isolates by using rep-PCR method. We get 6 different types of PCR-products from the patients and NICU workers, and NICU environments. We observed that the incidence of E. cloacae was decreased by handwashing and wearing personal plastic gloves during the care of NICU patients.
Birth Weight ; Catheters ; Cloaca ; Cross Infection ; Enterobacter cloacae* ; Enterobacter* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gestational Age ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Plastics ; Red Cross ; Seoul

Between May 1982 and October 1983, arthroscopic meniscectomy had been performed in 54 knees between ages of 11 and 70 years. There were 32 male patients and 22 female patients in this series. The mean follow-up was 20 months, ranging from 15 months to 33 months. Postoperative complications developed were retropatellar tenderness and effusion. No infection, thrombophlebitis or instability occurred postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the various possible prognostic factors upon the developtnent of the above mentioned complications. The factors included were 1) shape of tear, 2) ligamentous injury, 3) degenerative arthritia, 4) discoid lateral meniscus, 5) quadriceps atrophy, 6) sites of meniscus(medial or lateral) & extent of excision, 7) preoperative retropatellar tenderness and 8) method of rehabilitation. The findings were statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test (df-1) & Fisher's direct probability method. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The rate of development of postoperative effusion was significantly high in cases of quadriceps atrophy (P<0.01) and preoperative retropatellar tenderness(P<0.01). 2. The rate of deveopment of postoperative retropatellar tenderness was significantly high in case of discoid lateral meniscus (P <0.01). 3. There was no significant correlation between complications and other factors including shape of tear, preoperative degerative arthritis, site of meniscus & extent of excision and methods of rehabilitation.
Arthritis ; Atrophy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Rehabilitation ; Tears ; Thrombophlebitis

We retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings of 100 temporomandibular joints in 78 patients who had complained temporomandibular joint dysfunction. MRI findings were classified according to Wilke's staging criteria. And these findings were compared with arthrographic findings in 22 joints and surgical findings in 44 joints. According to Wilkes's staging. They were classified into 6 stages of abnormality: stage 0 (33 cases), stage I (19 cases), stage II (10 cases), stage III (18 cases), stage IV (6cases), stage V (14 cases). Among the 22 cases in which arthrography and MRI were done, both studies were well correlated in 10 joints. In 7 joints, MRI was superior to arthrography, which correctly demonstrated the meniscal displacement in 2 joints and . Meniscal deformity in 5 joints. In 5 joints, arthrography was superior to MR, which demonstrated the perforation (1 joint), adhesion (2 joint) and recapture of meniscus (2 joints). Compared with surgical findings, MRI correctly demonstrated the displacement of meniscus in all 44 joints. However, in case of the 10 meniscal perforation, MRI demonstrated the meniscal discontinuity in only 4 joints. Retrospective MR findings in 10 proven cases were the defect in posterior attachment in 4, far anterior meniscal displacement without recapture in 8m condylar spur in 4, and close bone to bone contact in 1. In conclusion, MRI as a primary Fiagnostic modality of temporomandibular joint derangment, is superior for the grading of displacement and deformity of meniscus but inferior for the evaluation of perforation, adhesion and recapture of meniscus to conventional arthrography. In case of the suspected meniscal perforation, arthrographic correlation is recommanded preoperatively.
Arthrography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint*

The emergency arteriography have been performed in a total of 13 patiens with extermity trauma, including 9fractures, 3 blunting traumas, and 1 penetrating injury. over 17 months period. The indications were as follows:absent or diminishe pulse, swelling, sensory or motor deficit , and hypotension. Patients with an absent pulse,the most reliable indication of arterial injury, should have immediate arteriography. The superficial femoralartery was commonly injured especially with distal femoral shaft fracture. The most common arteriographic findingswas arterial occlusion.
Angiography ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypotension

Emphysematous cholecystitis is an uncommon condition which may mimic acute cholecystitis. But it differs from acute cholecystitis in its relatively greater frequency in men and diabetics and has graver prognosis. The condition is diagnosed by demonstration of air in lumen,wall of gallbladder and/or pericholecystic space using a variety of radiographic techniques: simple abdominal radiography, ultrasonography and CT scanning. One illustrative case is presented herein and the pertinent literature is reviewed.
Cholecystitis, Acute ; Emphysematous Cholecystitis* ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life threatening infection of kidney and the pennephric space, characterized by the production of gas within the renal parenchyma. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiologic characteristics of emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 7 cases of the emphysematous pyelonephritis. Six patients had plain abdominal radiographs, ultrasonograms and abdominal CT scans. Only one patient had plain radiograph and ultrasonogram. In 5 operated cases, CT findings were compared with surgical records. RESULTS: Plain radiographs showed characteristic diffuse mottling of gas in renal fossa. On sonogram, intrarenal gas was identified as echogenic loci with dirty shadows. CT scan showed inflammatory mass with gas and fluid levels in adjacent to the kidney. CT findings corresponded relatively wall with the surgical findings in regard to disease extent. CONCLUSION: lntrarenal gas in appropriate clinical setting is highly specific for emphysematous pyelonephritis. CT is the most sensitive method for demonstrating the disease extent as well as specific diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life threatening infection of kidney and the pennephric space, characterized by the production of gas within the renal parenchyma. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiologic characteristics of emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 7 cases of the emphysematous pyelonephritis. Six patients had plain abdominal radiographs, ultrasonograms and abdominal CT scans. Only one patient had plain radiograph and ultrasonogram. In 5 operated cases, CT findings were compared with surgical records. RESULTS: Plain radiographs showed characteristic diffuse mottling of gas in renal fossa. On sonogram, intrarenal gas was identified as echogenic loci with dirty shadows. CT scan showed inflammatory mass with gas and fluid levels in adjacent to the kidney. CT findings corresponded relatively wall with the surgical findings in regard to disease extent. CONCLUSION: lntrarenal gas in appropriate clinical setting is highly specific for emphysematous pyelonephritis. CT is the most sensitive method for demonstrating the disease extent as well as specific diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

The venous malformation in head and neck is a developmental vascular disease which arises from the arrest in the certain stage of vascular embryogenesis. However, the lesion extends along the fascia and has a tendancy to recur after incomplete therapy. Retrospectively, the authors reviewed radiologic studies of 20 patients diagnosed as venous malformation during the last 5 years. The diagnosis was verified by histopathology (5 patients) and direct puncture angiography (15 patients). The radiologic studies included. CT with intravenous contrast injection (20 patients), RI angiography with 99m Tc-pyrophosphate (6 patients), and direct puncture angiography (15 patients). Multiplicity of venous malformation was noted in 9 patients. On CT scan, the lesions had lobulated irregular shape, with heterogeneous appearance, showed delayed enhancing characteristics, and had the phleboliths(21 lesions). The venous malformations were located at the masticator space (including masseter muscle) (n=12), retrobulbar space(n=6), submandibular space(n=4), paravertebral space(n=3) and so on. In two cases, the lesions were very extensive involving entire neck and parapharynx. On RI angiography using 99mTc-pyrophosphate, all of the lesions showed persistent and delayed uptake. With direct punture angiography the lesions could be classified as acinar pattern (n=17) and mixed pattern (acinar and saccular) (n=2). Venous connections were noted in 10 lesions. In conclusion, if a soft tissue mass on head and neck shows a heterogeneous attenuation density with or without calcified phlebolith on CT scan, RI angiography is recommended as a next diagnostic study. If it shows delayed persistent uptake, venous malformation can be suspected. Finally direct puncture angiography can verify the nature and extent of the lesions.
Angiography ; Diagnosis* ; Embryonic Development ; Fascia ; Female ; Head* ; Humans ; Neck* ; Pregnancy ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Diseases

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Lactic Acid*

No abstract available.
Nasal Cavity* ; Papilloma, Inverted* ; Paranasal Sinuses*