No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in both the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Ultrawide field fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography have allowed more accurate, convenient, and early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Numerous randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, although more work is necessary in terms of long-term clinical outcomes and socioeconomic costs associated with these treatments.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Epidemiology ; Photography ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical results of segmental scleral buckling procedures in pseudophakic retinal detachments. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of 35 patients (35 eyes) undergoing only segmental scleral buckling procedures in pseudophakic retinal detachments, who had been postoperatively followed up 6 months or longer. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 58.4 +/- 14.8 and twenty-five of the 35 patients were male. Posterior capsule was ruptured in 14 eyes, and among the 14, 5 eyes had vitreous prolapse. The primary success rate of segmental scleral buckling procedures was 100% (21/21 eyes) in intact posterior capsules, and 64.3% (9/14 eyes) in ruptured posterior capsules. The causes of failure were proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2 eyes) and failure to close the retinal breaks (3 eyes). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that segmental scleral buckling procedure may be an effective method for the management of retinal detachments in pseudophakia if without posterior capsule ruptures.
Capsules ; Humans ; Male ; Prolapse ; Pseudophakia ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Scleral Buckling* ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

PURPOSE: This study attempted to identify influential variables on types of smoking in adult smokers, which have been derived from Q-study. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 328 adult smokers at community settings in Seoul, South Korea from April 2006 to July 2006. To identify the influential variables related to smoking, variables from the Trans-theoretical model(i.e., self-efficacy for smoking abstinence, smoking temptation, process of change, decisional balance(pros and cons)) and nicotine dependency were analysed by ANOVA. Post-comparison tests were also done. RESULTS: The scores of nicotine dependency and smoking temptation were higher in habitual craving types than any other types, while the scores of self-liberation and self-efficacy for smoking abstinence were higher in self control types than any other types. CONCLUSION: Specific smoking intervention methods for each of the smoking types needs to be developed, based on how different groups of individuals gets into a decisions to quit smoking within their contexts.
Adult ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Republic of Korea ; Smoke ; Smoking

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Diet ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: Achieving good eyelid position and symmetric palpebral fissure for asymmetric bialteral congenital ptosis would require skillful technique and a lot of experiences of surgeon. Patients were divided into two groups, A and B, in terms of preoperative MRD and the possible relationship between preoperative MRD difference. The outcome of the surgery was studied. METHODS: External levator resection with apponeurotic approach was performed for 19 patients with asymmetric bilateral congenital ptosis from October 1994 to June 2000. According to differences of MRD between the both eyes, patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 8 patients with 1.0~2.0 mm of MRD differences, and group B included 11 patients with more than 2.0 mm of MRD differences. RESULTS: Age of patients ranged from 3 to 20 years (mean 6.1 years) and follow-up period was 9 to 60 months (mean 20 months). Six patients of group A and seven patients of group B showed almost excellent symmetric palpebral fissure. Only one patient of group B had postoperative MRD difference more than 2.0 mm, and none in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Success rate was 100% in group A and 91% in group B, but no statistical difference was found between group A and group B (p>0.05).
Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

Acrodermatitis enteropathica(AE) which starts in early infancy after weaning is a rare hereditary chronic disorder of zinc absorption. AE is characterized by alopecia, diarrhea and skin lesions localized to periorificial areas and acrally on the extremities. However, recent reports presented Transient Symptomatic Zinc Deficiency(TSZD) in preterm infants. TSZD is clinically similar to AE and skin lesions rapidly heals after zinc supplementation. When the treatment was withheld, no recurrence was seen. We experienced a TSZD case in a cow's milk fed, preterm infant, so We report it with a brief review of literature.
Absorption ; Acrodermatitis ; Alopecia ; Diarrhea ; Extremities ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Milk* ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Weaning ; Zinc*

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of nurses. METHOD: Data was collected from convenient sample of 265 nurses who work for a university hospital in a city. The Questionnaire measured the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe' test, pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULT: The mean score of emotional intelligence was 3.41(+/-.37), self-efficacy was 3.27(+/-.45) and job stress was 3.35(+/-.65). There were significant differences on self-efficacy according to age, marital status and education level. And there were significant differences on job stress according to age, working unit. It was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy were significantly negative correlation with job stress. The emotional intelligence explained 24.8% of self-efficacy and 1.9% of job stress and self-efficacy explained 2.7% of job stress. And the self-efficacy was showed a mediate variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. CONCLUSION: To decrease job stress, nursing managers ought to develop the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of nurses, reinforce as a mediating role between emotional intelligence and job stress.
Emotional Intelligence ; Marital Status ; Negotiating ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of nurses. METHOD: Data was collected from convenient sample of 265 nurses who work for a university hospital in a city. The Questionnaire measured the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe' test, pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULT: The mean score of emotional intelligence was 3.41(+/-.37), self-efficacy was 3.27(+/-.45) and job stress was 3.35(+/-.65). There were significant differences on self-efficacy according to age, marital status and education level. And there were significant differences on job stress according to age, working unit. It was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy were significantly negative correlation with job stress. The emotional intelligence explained 24.8% of self-efficacy and 1.9% of job stress and self-efficacy explained 2.7% of job stress. And the self-efficacy was showed a mediate variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. CONCLUSION: To decrease job stress, nursing managers ought to develop the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of nurses, reinforce as a mediating role between emotional intelligence and job stress.
Emotional Intelligence ; Marital Status ; Negotiating ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological

BACKGROUND: Kirschner's wire (K-wire) transfixation and locking hook plate fixation techniques are widely used in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes between K-wires transfixation and a locking hook plate fixation technique. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with acute ACJ dislocation managed with K-wire (56 shoulders) and locking hook plate (21 shoulders) were enrolled for this study. The mean follow-up period was 61 months. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the shoulder rating scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) was higher in patients treated with locking hook plate than with K-wires (33.2 +/- 2.7 vs. 31.3 +/- 3.4, p=0.009). In radiologic assessments, coracoclavicular distance (CCD) (7.9 mm vs. 7.7 mm, p=0.269) and acromioclavicular distance (ACD) (3.0 mm vs. 1.9 mm, p=0.082) were not statistically different from contralateral unaffected shoulder in locking hook plate fixation group, but acromioclavicular interval (ACI) was significant difference. However, there were significant differences in ACI, CCD, and ACD in K-wire fixation group (p<0.001). Eleven complications (20%) occurred in K-wire transfixation group and 2 subacromial erosions on computed tomography scan occurred in locking hook plate fixation group. CONCLUSIONS: ACJ stabilization was achieved in acute ACJ dislocations treated with K-wires or locking hook plates. Locking hook plate can provide higher UCLA shoulder score than K-wire and maintain CCD, and ACD without ligament reconstruction. K-wire transfixation technique resulted in a higher complication rate than locking hook plate.
Acromioclavicular Joint* ; Bone Wires ; California ; Dislocations* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Shoulder