Thirty cases of peripheral nerve injury were selected and analysed by means of electromyographic studies at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, from January 1972 to August 1972. 1. The sex ratio was 17:13 (male: female). The peak incidence occurred in the twenty to thirty year age group. Involved side: right side 18 cases: left side 12 cases. 2. Nerve involved: peroneal nerve (15 cases), tibial nerve (2 cases), median nerve (7 cases), ulnar nerve (4 cases) and radial nerve (2 case). 3. Mode of nerve injuries 1) Peroneal nerve: Nerve compression, variable (10 cases) Tibia & fibular fracture complication (4 cases) Stab wound, fibular neck region (1 case) 2) Tibial nerve: Injection neuritis, buttock (2 cases) 3) Median nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrist region (3 cases) Carpal tunnel syndrome (3 cases) Undetermined mode (1 case) 4) Ulnar nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrst region (2 cases) Forearm bones fracture complication (1 case) Supracondylar fracture (cubitus valgus) (1 case) 5) Radial nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrist region (1 case) Crushing injury, elbow region (1 case) 4. Among the 15 cases of peroneal nerve injury, there were 10 cases of partial denervation and 5 cases of complete denervation. 5. The mode of injury in 10 cases of partial denervation was nerve compression from the following causes: lithotomy posture during forceps delivery (1 case), external rotation of legs during recovery state after surgery (3 cases), abnormal posture during coma state after CO intoxication (2 cases), tight long leg cast (3 cases), and direct trauma while descending stairs (1 case). 6. In all 10 cases of partial denervation of the peroneal nerve, decreased motor nerve conduction velocities, diminished amplitude and prolonged latencies were observed. 7. In partial denervation of the peroneal nerve, the earliest that reinnervation was observed was within 3 weeks in 3 out of 10 cases. 8. Spontaneous fibrillation was observed 3weeks after injury in all cases except one in which it was observed only 7 days after peroneal nerve injury. 9, The earliest appearance of positive sharp waves among all peroneal nerve injuries was observed 2 weeks after injury. 10. The initial appearance of nascent potentials (polyphasic potentials) in peroneal nerve injuries was observed 3 weeks after injury (1 case), 5 weeks after injury (1 case), and 5 months after injury (1 case). They are all partial denervation cases due to nerve compression. 11. Ten cases of partial denervation of the peroneal nerve were treated with electrical stimulation and drop foot board with good recovery. Five cases of complete denervation of the peroneal nerve were treated with neurorrhaphy (1 case) and short leg bracing (4 cases). 12. The initial appearance, of polyphasic potentials was observed 5 months after injury in one case out of 3 cases of median nerve injury. 13. Three cases of median nerve injury were classified as carpal tunnel syndrome and occurred in women only. Observations included absence of sensory nerve action potentials below the lesion, delayed distal latency at wrist and normal motor nerve conduction velocity. They were treated by division of the deep transverse carpal ligament with good result. 14. The initial appearance of nascent potentials was observed 7 months after injury in one case among 3 cases of ulnar nerve injury. 15. In two cases each of radial and tibial nerve injury, no reinnervation pattern was observed until the six month follow-up study after injury. At that time no muscle contraction could be seen or palpated clinically. 16. We observed normal motor unit potentials in the muscles in the follow-up studies even though muscle contraction could not be seen or palpated clinically. 17. Electromyographic examination at selected intervals made accurate diagnosis and prognosis possible and aided in evaluating the course of nerve regeneration, which permictted the choice of appropriate treatment.
Action Potentials ; Braces ; Buttocks ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Coma ; Denervation ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Electric Stimulation ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Forearm ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Median Nerve ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Neck ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Neuritis ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peroneal Nerve ; Posture ; Prognosis ; Radial Nerve ; Sex Ratio ; Surgical Instruments ; Tibia ; Tibial Nerve ; Ulnar Nerve ; Wounds, Stab ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Pulmonary Embolism*

No abstract available.
Pneumoconiosis* ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Arachidonic Acid* ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans* ; Otitis Media with Effusion*

Although several kinds of instrumentation systems are available for the transpedicular screw fixation in the treatment of spondylolisthesis, the clinical results and the difference between them remdins unclear. In order to study the feasibility of Zielke instrumentation system for that purpose, the author analysed the clinical results of 73 patients with mild or moderate degree of spondylolisthesis who were instrumented with the systems and followed up 25 months in average(Min. 12Ms). The results between the groups with different rod thickness in the system, 3.2mm(20 patients), 4mm(33 patients) and 5mm(20 patients), were compared to study the most appropriate thickness. Reduction of the deformity were done by aid of temporarilly applied Harrington system in 3.2mm group. Inlayed reduction potential coming from the jointing mechanism was utilized in the cases with less than 30% of slippage in 4 and 5mm group. Percentage of slippage was changed from 20% preoperatively, to 4% postoperatively and 6% at the end of follow up. The methods of fusion after reduction and fixation were anterior in 25 and posterolateral in 48. Bony fusion was achieved in all but one with pathological spondylolisthesis. Rod failures were observed in two of 3.2mm and one of 4mm group, and loosening of the joint were developed in three of 5mm group. Clinically, 93% of the patient showed excellent and good results at the end of follow up. From the results, we concluded that the instrumentation is a efficient method of treatment with several advantages in the reduction capacity and the stability of fixation. However, this system has several points in its mechanics that needs to be improved.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Mechanics ; Methods ; Spondylolisthesis

Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) in early infancy is characteristic by quite shortening of the tight segment, flexed, abducted and externally rotated position In assciation with a stable hip which Is freely mobile. Authors experienced a case with the congenital deficiency of the femoral head. The case showed the normal femoral segment and no any other bony anomalies which cannot be Included in Aitkens or Amstutz's classification.
Classification ; Head ; Hip

PURPOSE:Decreased bone mineral density(BMD) has been reported in girls with Turner syndrome. Estrogen therapy is recommanded to improve sexual infantilism and decreased BMD. Short stature is also characteristic finding in patients with Turner syndrome. Treatment modality for short stature has included estrogen, anabolic steroids and growth hormone(GH). Recently GH therapy in GH deficient children could increase BMD in addition to improve short stature. We observed the treatment effects on bone mineral density in patients with Turner syndrome. METHODS: Bone Mineral Density in second to fourth lumbar spine area were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 56 girls with Turner syndrome, before and after growth hormone and/or estrogen. All Turner girl was confirmed by clinical and chromosomal examination. RESULTS: 1) There was no significant difference in BMD according to karyotype. 2) The mean BMD of untreated Turner syndrome was 0.752+/-0.122g/cm2. 3) The mean BMD before and after GH treatment were 0.620+/-0.028g/cm2, 0.793+/-0.093g/cm2 respectively. The mean BMD before and after estrogen treatment were 0.761+/-0.125g/cm2, 0.918+/-0.141g/cm2 respectively. In combined group, the BMD were 0.752+/-0.087g/cm2 and 0.939+/-0.134g/cm2. Growth hormone was also effective to improve BMD as well as estrogen. But the changes of BMD were more significant in estrogen and combined group(p<0.05). 4) A significant positive correlation was found between age and BMD(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Estrogen therapy can accelerate epiphysial maturation and compromise final height. Growth hormone therapy in Turner girls was effective for improvement bone mineral density as well as growth improvement. But growth hormone and estrogen combined therapy or Estrogen therapy is more effective to improve bone mineral density in Turner syndrome. Estrogen replacement can be delayed for a while on growth hormone treatment and the appropriated time of estrogen therapy should be elucidated.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Child ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Sexual Infantilism ; Spine ; Steroids ; Turner Syndrome*

An anatomical reduction and maintainance of articular fracture is on of the basic principles In Orthopedic Surgery if good function is to ensue, especially in a major welght bearing joint such as hip knee ankle. In displaced articular fractures, excellent results can be achieved mainly by an open anatomical reduction and firm internal fixation. We performed an open reduction and internal flxation with plates and screws in a patient with the severely comminuted acetabular fracture, and a satisfactory result is obtained.
Acetabulum ; Ankle ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Orthopedics

Vanadate is a trace element in animal tissues and has been known to inhibit NA(+)-K(+) ATPase in various tissues including skeletal and cardiac muscles and smooth muscles. Vanadate shows contractile actions on various types of smooth muscles. Prolonged dietary administration of vanadate has been shown to cause arterial hypertension, increased peripheral resistance, and a marked reduction of coronary, visceral and renal blood flow.In isolated vascular smooth muscle of aorta, application of vanadate caused contraction. These studies have been conducted the preparation of vascular smooth muscles from which endothelial cell were removed. It has been reported that endothelial cell releases relaxing factor(s) (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF) in response to acetylcholine and a number of other stimuli and also produces vasoconstrictor substances (endothelium-derived contracting factor, EDCF). The aim of this present experiment is to elucidate whether vascular response of isolated rabbit aorta induced by vanadate are endothelium dependent or not. The result obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) When endothelium was intact, vanadate induced vascular relaxation of aorta precontracted with norepinephrine. But K+ induced contraction was augmented by vanadate in the aorta with or without endothelium. Whereas relaxation produced by vanadate precontracted with angiotensin II was endothelium-independent. 2) Hemoglobin, methylene blue, hydroquinone, and verapamil inhibited vanadate-induced vascular relaxation. But indomethacin and quinacrine had no effect on vanadate induced vascular relaxation. From the above results, it is speculated the vanadate act on endothelium, modifies the synthesis or release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor and thus changes the contractile responses to norepinephrine in rabbit aorta.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Angiotensin II ; Animals ; Aorta ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hypertension ; Indomethacin ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Myocardium ; Norepinephrine ; Quinacrine ; Relaxation ; Vanadates* ; Vascular Resistance ; Verapamil

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Female