No Abstract Available.
Hyperpigmentation*

The purpose of this study was to reveal association between internal marketing and customer orientation. Internal marketing was composed of empowerment, educational training, reward system, internal communication and management support. We thought these factors affect to the consumer orientation. For this study, 191 dental hygienists in Busan, Ulsan and Kyungnam are participated in this study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 18.0 program. In conclusion, we obtained the next results. First, the mean of internal marketing behavior was 3.22 out of 5. In terms of sub-domain, educational training (3.88) is the highest, followed by empowerment (3.35), internal communication (3.10), management support (3.05) and reward system (2.79). Second, the internal marketing factors of internal communication, reward system orientation, management support, empowerment, and educational training had positive correlations with customer orientation (r=0.189∼0.381). Third, the influencing factor in customer orientation were educational training (β=0.277) and empowerment (β=0.276), adjusted R²=0.202. As dental patients' desire to medical service quality becomes diversified, the analysis result is considered to help the future dental service management.
Busan ; Dental Hygienists* ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Marketing* ; Power (Psychology) ; Reward ; Ulsan

Twenty-six cases of fracture of the femur and tibia on the same leg were treated in Masan Koryo General Hospital during the period 1981 1986. We studied all of these patients, divided by four groups according to the method of treatment, retrospectively with analysis of treatment and end results. The results were as follows : 1. Twenty-two patients were male and four patients were female. Of twenty-six patients, eighteen patients were at their third and fourth decades. 2. The main cause of injuries was traffic accident; 23 patients(88%). 3. The most common concomitant injury was fracture and dislocation in other site(14 cases). The fat embolism developed in one case and one patient had died due to head injury. 4. The average healing time of fracture was 17 weeks in femur and 20 weeks in tibia in group three, that was most rapid of all groups. 5. A good or excellent functional result was achieved in 87% of the patients treated with internal fixation of both fracture, 75% of the patients with internal fixstion for the femur fracture and external fixation for the tibial fracture, and 25% of the patients trested conservatively.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dislocations ; Embolism, Fat ; Female ; Femur ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

OBJECT: It is to evaluate the priority area for effective eye care service to the aged population of rural comniunity at present and in future. METHOD: Number of aged group surveyed on 60 and over 60 years age that, counted 531 among the total 580 patients. Visual acuity was tested and refractive error was measured by Retinornax (Nikon, Japan) . Ocular examination was performed to determine the causes of visual impairment. This survey was conducted under the auspices of the Korean Foundation for Prevention of Blindness with assistance of the Seoul National University Postgraduate School of Public Health from 1994 to 1996 at the Public Health Center of Chun-Cheon, Kang-Won Do(Province). RESULTS: Age distribution showed the sixties (60-69) 49,3%, the seventies (70-79) 33.9%, and the eighties (80) 16.8%. Proportion of visual acuity of 0.7 or upper in the better eyes constituted 32.2% and of 0.2 or worse 19.4%. Causes of visual impairnnente consisted of refractive errors 35. 9%, cataract 35. 9%, macular degeneration 7, 4%, and corneal opacity 3.9% in order. Contributed modes of care were spectacles 27.9%, surgeries 23.9% (cataract, operation, pterygium removal etc.), and medical treatment 23.9%. DISCUSSION: Surgery of the aged population in rural comrnunity of Chun-Cheon revealed the most. prevalent. causes of visual impairment as the refractive errors and cataract. It is suggested that. the most effective eye care would be provided systemically based 0 the result of the epidemiological study on the various ocular disorders.
Age Distribution ; Blindness ; Cataract ; Corneal Opacity ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Eyeglasses ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Pterygium ; Public Health ; Refractive Errors ; Seoul ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVE: Transpedicular screw fixation has some disadvantages such as postoperative back pain through wide muscle dissection, long operative time, and cephalad adjacent segmental degeneration (ASD). The purposes of this study are investigation and comparison of radiological and clinical results between interspinous fusion device (IFD) and pedicle screw. METHODS: From Jan. 2008 to Aug. 2009, 40 patients underwent spinal fusion with IFD combined with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). In same study period, 36 patients underwent spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation as control group. Dynamic lateral radiographs, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) scores were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The lumbar spine diseases in the IFD group were as followings; spinal stenosis in 26, degenerative spondylolisthesis in 12, and intervertebral disc herniation in 2. The mean follow up period was 14.24 months (range; 12 to 22 months) in the IFD group and 18.3 months (range; 12 to 28 months) in pedicle screw group. The mean VAS scores was preoperatively 7.16+/-2.1 and 8.03+/-2.3 in the IFD and pedicle screw groups, respectively, and improved postoperatively to 1.3+/-2.9 and 1.2+/-3.2 in 1-year follow ups (p<0.05). The K-ODI was decreased significantly in an equal amount in both groups one year postoperatively (p<0.05). The statistics revealed a higher incidence of ASD in pedicle screw group than the IFD group (p=0.029). CONCLUSION: Posterior IFD has several advantages over the pedicle screw fixation in terms of skin incision, muscle dissection and short operative time and less intraoperative estimated blood loss. The IFD with PLIF may be a favorable technique to replace the pedicle screw fixation in selective case.
Back Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc ; Muscles ; Operative Time ; Skin ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis

Amelanotic melanoma is a subtype of malignant melanoma that lacks clinically visible pigmentation. The absence of recognizable pigmentation obscures the clinical hallmark of the more typical form of malignant melanoma. Because it mimics various non-pigmented benign and malignant skin diseases, clinicians have difficulty diagnosing this lesion. An incorrect or delayed diagnosis can result in a worse outcome because the prognosis of melanoma depends on the tumor thickness and tissue invasion at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial for treating amelanotic melanoma. Dermoscopy is a useful non-invasive technique for diagnosing not only pigmented skin lesions, but also non-pigmented skin lesions because this modality can visualize vascular structures that are not discernible to the naked eye. Analyzing the dermoscopic vascular structures of amelanotic melanoma helps make an early diagnosis. We report here on a case of amelanotic melanoma for which the diagnosis was aided by performing dermoscopy as an adjuvant tool.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Dermoscopy ; Early Diagnosis ; Eye ; Melanoma ; Melanoma, Amelanotic ; Pigmentation ; Prognosis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

BACKGROUND: Firemen are directly exposed to various harmful chemicals, physical factors and mental stress during rescue and fire-fighting. In fire extinguishing, unstable posture, poisonous gas, dust, high temperature and weighty equipments are possible hazardous factors. The alertness for emergency, shift work, job strain and stress are also possibly hazardous. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms and job stress and to determine risk factors in firemen. METHODS: This study was carried out in a group of 226 firemen in Busan, Korea. Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms and Psycho-social Well-being Index (abbreviated PWI) was used to investigate the prevalence of job stress. General and occupational characteristics included education, marital status, alcohol and smoking history, working duration, and work shift system. Body mass index (BMI) scores were calculated by physical examination including height and weight. RESULTS: Concerning musculo-skeletal complaints, the commonest site was neck, and shoulder, lower back, upper back were the next. Complaint site above one area of body was about 80%. From multiple logistic regression analysis, working duration was significant variable in musculo-skeletal symptoms. Odds ratio were 15.4 in working duration. About 16.8% was high risk stress group. From multiple logistic regression analysis, shift work and alcohol drinking were significant variables in PWI scores. Odds ratios were 2.25 in shift work. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, interventions are needed for health promotion of long term and shift worker.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Busan ; Dust ; Education ; Emergencies ; Firefighters ; Fires ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Neck ; Odds Ratio ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Firemen are directly exposed to various harmful chemicals, physical factors and mental stress during rescue and fire-fighting. In fire extinguishing, unstable posture, poisonous gas, dust, high temperature and weighty equipments are possible hazardous factors. The alertness for emergency, shift work, job strain and stress are also possibly hazardous. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms and job stress and to determine risk factors in firemen. METHODS: This study was carried out in a group of 226 firemen in Busan, Korea. Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms and Psycho-social Well-being Index (abbreviated PWI) was used to investigate the prevalence of job stress. General and occupational characteristics included education, marital status, alcohol and smoking history, working duration, and work shift system. Body mass index (BMI) scores were calculated by physical examination including height and weight. RESULTS: Concerning musculo-skeletal complaints, the commonest site was neck, and shoulder, lower back, upper back were the next. Complaint site above one area of body was about 80%. From multiple logistic regression analysis, working duration was significant variable in musculo-skeletal symptoms. Odds ratio were 15.4 in working duration. About 16.8% was high risk stress group. From multiple logistic regression analysis, shift work and alcohol drinking were significant variables in PWI scores. Odds ratios were 2.25 in shift work. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, interventions are needed for health promotion of long term and shift worker.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Busan ; Dust ; Education ; Emergencies ; Firefighters ; Fires ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Neck ; Odds Ratio ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Recently, in dermatologic area, the number of skin biopsy for diagnosis and treatment has been increased and the dermatosurgery which should give patients satisfaction developed widely. As the frequency of direct contact with patients increases, we must recognize and prevent infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C. Also, because drugs which may affect function of liver were used in many medical clinics and shops, we have more chance of evaluating liver function before the treatment. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prevalence and associated diseases of the patients with elevated transaminase (AST,ALT), positive of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV Ab. And we tried to study the causes of elevated transaminase. METHOD: All the 1704 outpatients who visited the dermatologic clinic of Pusan National University Hospital from March 1996 to February 1999 were enrolled. AST and ALT level were assessed by kinetic method and elevated group comprised the subjects with AST and ALT levels exceeding the upper limit of normal for our laboratories (AST >40IU/L or ALT >37IU/L). HBsAg and anti-HCV Ab were tested by enzymeimmunoassay(EIA) and medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated transaminase was 13.6% and the peak age was the sixth decade. Most common associated disease categories were drug druption, eruption & urticaria. The prevalence of positive hepatitis B surface antigen was 9.7% and the peak age was the fourth decade (42.4%). Associated diseases of antigen positive patients were lichen planus, urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, etc. The prevalence of positive anti-HCV Ab was 3.4% and the sixth decade was the peak incidence of age distribution. The diseases such as urticaria, erythema nodosum, psoriasis, alopecia, and so on were investigated in the patients. Common suspected causes of elevated transaminase(AST, ALT) were hepatotoxic drug and viral hepatitis. Conclusion: Increased hepatic parenchymal enzyme was investigated in a high percentage of studied patients. Also, the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in dermatologic patients were relatively higher than that of reported normal Korean people. Therefore dermatologists should recognize these facts and be careful in dermatologic procedure.
Age Distribution ; Alopecia ; Biomarkers* ; Biopsy ; Busan ; Communicable Diseases ; Cryoglobulinemia ; Diagnosis ; Erythema Nodosum ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lichen Planus ; Liver ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Prevalence* ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Urticaria

Cutaneous metastasis of visceral carcinomas is rare among them, endometrial carcinoma accounts for less than 1% of all cases. A 71-year-old woman with FIGO stage IIIA endometrial adenocarcinoma presented with scalp metastasis 1 month after initial radical radiotherapy. Histopathologic examination showed multiple glandular structures composed of columnar epithelial cells with foci of squamous differentiation, which were similar to primary endometrial adenocarcinoma. Metastatic evaluation revealed widespread extrapelvic metastasis in the lung, bones, and skin. Endometrial carcinoma is usually characterized by local and lymphatic spread. Rarely, extensive disease shows hematologic spread for example, to the scalp, as in this case.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Scalp ; Skin