No abstract available.
Intuition* ; Nursing* ; Philosophy*

To elucidate the effect of copper on the 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-MeDAB) induced hepatic carcinogenesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to 3'-MeDAB and copper administration: I. noraml control, II. copper only, III. 3'-MeDAB only, IV. 3'-MeDAB plus copper. The animals of groups III and IV were fed experimental diet containing 0.06% 3'-MeDAB. Copper was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 mg, twice a weak. Animals were sacrificed at different intervals. Liver weight, hepatic copper content and gross and microscopical changes of the liver were examined and the cell kinetics of various lesions in the hepatic carcinogenesis was studied by applying the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). The hepatic copper content was significantly increased in animals given copper but returned to the normal value after cessation of adminstration. 3'-MeDAB administration caused oval cell proliferation and produced hyperplastic nodules, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma of the liver. Simultaneous administration of copper did not alter the incidence of 3'-MeDAB induced lesions, except for carcinoma. The liver weight and the size of hepatic nodules and masses were smaller in group IV than in group III. The liver weight as well as the nodularity and the mass formation continued to increase affect cessation of 3'-MeDAB administration. Copper did not affect the BrdU labelling indices of the hepatic lesions induced by 3'-MeDAB. The oval cell proliferation and the BrdU labelling indices of the oval cell and the hyperplastic nodule were decreased, but the incidence of cholangiofibrosis and its BrdU labelling index were still elevated after cessation of 3'MeDAB administration. These findings indicate that copper could delay the developement of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions, but not suppress, since copper does not stay long enough to accumulate in the rat liver, and that copper could not affect the proliferation of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions once developed.
Rats ; Animals ; Incidence

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting work engagement and burnout among clinical nurses according to resilience. METHODS: The study design was a descriptive survey and questionnaires were collected from 182 clinical nurses who worked in hospitals in "J" province. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regressions. RESULTS: The mean score of resilience, work engagement, burnout were 3.47+/-0.38, 4.29+/-0.98, 2.25+/-0.82 respectively. Resilience had 26.3% of the influence on work engagement and 50.5% of the influence on burnout. Sub-variables of causal analysis and empathy of resilience were statistically useful as factors influencing burnout. CONCLUSION: Resilience has been identified as a factor affecting work engagement and burnout. Therefore, nursing departments and nurse managers should strive to develop programs for the promotion of resilience.
Empathy ; Humans ; Nurse Administrators ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Unsuspected pheochromocytoma in a surgical patients may lead to serial complications. These include extreme hypertension, taehycardia and cardiac arrythmias which lead to cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular accident and renal failure in the postoperative period. Pheochromocytoma arising in the urinary bladder is a rare tumor. We recently experienced a case of pheochromocytoma which was found during transurethral resection for biopsy of bladder tumor under spinal anesthesia. The blood pressure suddenly rose during resection. of the tumor. It was difficult to arrive at a correct diagnosis in this case because of the predominant bladder symptams without hypertenaive attack. Therefore, final diagnosis was made as the pheochromocytoms after histological examination. The resection of the tumor was performed under general anesthesia after careful studies. The patient was not treated during the preoperative period as she had no particular symptoms, but Regitine was glven during surgery. Regitine was used twice to control the transient hypertension during manipulation of the tumor. After removal of the tumor, the blood pressure was well regulated without vasopressor drugs. We report a case of pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder with successful anesthesia management and the use of neuroleptanesthetics.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biopsy ; Blood Pressure ; Diagnosis ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Phentolamine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Postoperative Period ; Preoperative Period ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stroke ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Hairy Cell*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to survey health requirements of middle-aged women and their families and to provide guidelines for developing nursing interventions by describing the process of family health maintenance experienced by middle-aged women and its conceptual system. METHODS: To get saturated data, each of four researchers conducted two or three times of in-depth interview with eight middle-aged women aged between 40-64 years old and living in Seoul and Chuncheon from the 10th to the 30th of October 2004 and each interview was continued one or two hours. The Grounded theory adopted by Strauss & Corbin (1998) is a substantive theory that can explain the experiencing process of middle-aged women. RESULTS: We found that the casual condition of family health maintaining by middle-aged women was "confidence of health belief", and "pouring by body moving" was found to be its phenomenon. A textual condition that might respond to the phenomenon was "fatal roles acceptance", and intervening conditions that promote their family health were "retracing" and "gathering health information". These intervening conditions impacted middle-aged women's confidence in family health and led them to take actions/interactions such as "being a model of health", "adapting to circumstances", "do-it-myself", "taking-care" "harmonious mind" and "the pursuit of cleanness". These actions/interactions produced results such as "being stronger", "being unmanageable" and "being fruitful". CONCLUSIONS: Health confidence and practical health behaviors were observed in the process that the middle-aged female participants experienced unmanageable circumstances but they accepted their roles and responsibilities and recognized that they must be get stronger. The behaviors of health-together-with were divided into enthusiastic type, adaptation type and self-sacrificing type. Therefore middle-aged woman with the understanding of family health maintaining process as well as the theoretical system and practical principals needs to implement the intervention in acceptable level of family health process of preventing psychological and physical problems.
Family Health* ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Nursing ; Seoul

To analyzed the progression of white matter maturation and white matter pathology, MR imaging of the brain was obtained in 38 children with delayed development. Children with developmental delay showed a high incidence of MR abnormalities(34/38, 89.5%). Delayed pattern of myelination and gray-white matter differentiation was seen in 13 patients. Twenty-two patients had white matter patholgy, including 14 with white matter hypoplasia, seven with focal small infarction, five with periventricular leukomalacia, and three with high signal intensities on T2 weighted image. Associated structural abnormalities were also evaluated. The most common lesions in decreasing frequency were cerebral atrophy and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, pachygyria and/or polymicrogyria, porencephalic cyst and Leigh's disease. Twenty-three of 34 children had multiple abnormalities on MRI. The MRI was useful in depicting the progression of myelination and other white matter lesions, and serial follow-up MR is recommended for patients with delayed or lack of myelination and gray-white matter differentiation.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Atrophy ; Brain* ; Child* ; Corpus Callosum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infarction ; Leigh Disease ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelin Sheath ; Pathology ; Polymicrogyria ; White Matter*

Normal and abnormal follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on gonadotropins as well as intraovarian peptides, which may mediate or potentiate gonadotropin action. Inhibin also affect follicular development and steroidogenesis and may play a role in dominant follicle selection and follicular atresia. Therefore, we studied the differences of serum inhibin, gonadotropin and androgen levels in the women with only the ultrasound findings and no disorder, and polycystic ovary (PCO) with ovulatory disturbance. We prospectively analysed forty-three women with PCO. The diagnosis of PCO was based on typical appearance of the ovaries on TVS. Twelve women with regular menstrual cycle and normal ovarian morphology were selected as control. Basal levels of inhibin, luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E2), testosterone(T), androstenedione(ADD), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate(DS), prolactin and TSH in serum were determined. There were significant differences in basal LH levels and LH/FSH ratio between the control and the women with PCO. The basal levels of inhibin and E2 in the oligo-amenorrheic PCO (N=34) were significantly higher than those in the control. There was higher negative correlation between the inhibin and T levels in the oligo-amenorrheic PCO, but, not in the regular cycling PCO. Also, there was higher positive correlation between the LH and T levels in the oligo-amenorrheic PCO, but not in the regular cycling PCO. These data presume that the initial event of PCO is elevated pituitary LH secretion. Elevated levels of LH may down-regulate LH receptors on granulosa cells and also cause hypertrophy of the thecal layer. High level of androgen secreted by the hypertrophied thermal layer may stimulate inhibin secretion from granulosa cells and can be converted to estrogen by extraovarian tissues and could serve to augment pituitary sensitivity to GnRH with a resultant secretion of more LH follicular development and dominant follicle selection resulted in ovulatory disturbance.
Diagnosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Follicular Atresia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Granulosa Cells ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Inhibins* ; Lutein ; Menstrual Cycle ; Ovary* ; Peptides ; Prolactin ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, LH ; Ultrasonography