No abstract available.
Hernia, Inguinal*

With rapid advancement in techniques of correcting multiple facial anomalies, surgical planning has become more sophisticated, and knowledge of the exact relationship between various areas of the head and face is now indispensible. The importance of capturing the face in proportions has been emphasized by many surgeons. The neoclassical canons are known to modern plastic surgeons, but their usage in surgical planning has been limited to the role of working guides. They are useful, however, in serving as standards. The authors measured 800 normal young Korean females, ranged from 19 to 26 in age, and 21 beauty contestants in Korea, ranged from 20 to 27 in age. Seven vertical and seven horizontal linear measurements were taken from each subject by one examiner. These measurements of normal face and attractive face are compared with each other, and followed by comparison with neoclassical canons. Attractive face of Korean female comprises shorter lower face, especially from stomion to menton, narrower bigonial distance, and longer midface than normal face. It also has wide palpebral fissure and narrow intercanthal distance. Korean female face comprises shorter and narrower lower face than neoclassical canons. We think that it is valuable to take into consideration of this modern concept of beauty when making a preoperative plan for facial plastic surgery.
Beauty ; Female* ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Surgery, Plastic

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Lactation* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: In this study, emotional reaction of psychiatric nurses and resident physicians toward suicidal behavior of psychiatric inpatients was examined. METHODS: Subjects were 396 working in general hospitals or mental hospitals. Demographic factors, exposure to suicidal behaviors, mood states, and impact of event scores were collected between April and July 2008. Mood state was measured with Korean Edition of Profile of Mood States (K-POMS). Impact of event was measured with Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R). RESULTS: Of the respondents, 90.9% experienced at least one inpatient suicidal behavior. Emotional responses of respondents after their patients' suicidal behavior were shock, anxiety, self-doubt and disbelief. Mood states were negative for those who had worked over 10 years, had experienced colleagues quitting and were significantly different according to patient's diagnosis, period of maintaining emotions, and level of stress. Impact of event was high among those who were nurses, had worked in mental hospitals, had worked over 10 years, had experienced colleagues quitting and were significantly differenced according to job status, patient's diagnosis, period of maintaining emotion, and level of stress. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that suicidal behaviors of inpatients are commonly encountered and significantly stressful events for psychiatric nurses and physicians.
Anxiety ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Life Change Events ; Shock

No abstract available.
Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

No abstract available.
Peptic Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Duodenal Ulcer* ; Vagotomy*

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Humans

The knee joint is one of the most susceptable joint to ligamentous injury. For good results, it is very important to make an early diagnosis and to give prompt management. The aim of treatment is to restore the ligaments to their previous anatomic position and tension. The authors reviewed 420 cases of ligamentous injuries in 400 patients who were admitted and managed for 6 years from March, 1981 to February, 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The athletic injury was the most commcn cause of injury(55%), and fall-down was next(26%). 2. The most common ruptured individual ligament was the medial collateral ligament. Combined ligament rupture was more common in medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament. 3. The ruptured sites of the individual ligament were found to be the following ; a) the medial collateral ligament was ruptured most frequently at the femoral attachment(43%), with the superficial layer ruptured in the midsubstance and the deep layer at the femoral attachment; b) the lateral collateral ligament torn at the fibular attachment(51%); c) the anterior cruciate ligament torn at the femoral attachment(39%); d) the posterior cruciate ligament torn at the femoral attachment(64%). 4. Many ligamentous injuries were associated with fracture(44%) and tear of meniscus- (42%). 5. In stress-radiogram, the significance of ligament injuries was present in more than 10 and 10 mm. 6. Excellent and good results were obtained in 94% by non-surgical treatment and in 92% by surgical treatment. 7. Early surgical repair of the ligament within 2 weeks after injury, gave much better result than later repairs.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Athletic Injuries ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Tears

No abstract available.
Spinal Fractures*