The purpose of the study is to minimize the incidence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension caused by using corticosteroids during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. We have periodically observed the intraocular pressure and the variation of C / D ratio of two 7 years old boys with chemotherapy in our pediatric department. We observed the increase in intraocular pressure using applanation tonometer, and we managed by beta- blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and etc. Increased intraocular pressure has been normalized after chemotherapy. The frequency of occurrence of the ocular hypertension and glaucoma can be controlled with the quantity of corticosteroids used.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Leukemia ; Ocular Hypertension ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

We studied the results of nasolacrimal probings performed in the office without general anesthesia for congenital nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction. We analized and compared the charts of 58 children (65 eyes) from 3 to 48 months of age and divided into 3 groups. The probing used was between No. 01 and No. 06. The effect of probing was determined by clinical manifestation, dye disappearance test and parent 's impression. Thirty-eitht patients were contacted through telephone to determine parental satisfaction. In group 1 (patient age<6 months), there were 20 probings with 19 suc- cess (95%). Group 2 (patient age-6~12 months) had 20 probings and 17 success (85%). In group 3(patient age-12~48months), 19 nasolacrimal ducts were probed with 15 success (79%). So far, the results of probing performed in the office has been satisfactory in children beyond 1year of age, and this method should also be considered in those under 6 months.
Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Humans ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Parents ; Telephone

PURPOSE: To determine correlation between stress fracture of the posterior tibia and flexor digitorum longusmuscle injury caused by athletic or sporting activity during adolescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven casesdiagnosed as stress fracture after X-ray and MR imaging of the lower leg were reviewed. With regard to eachfracture, the following features were noted: age, sex, and athletic or sporting activity of the patient, and site.Using MR imaging techniques, axial and sagittal T1 and T2 weighted images were obtained in all cases and T1-GdDTPA images in seven. RESULTS: The activities undertaken were running (n=3), football (n=2), ballet (n=2),taekwando (n=1), badminton (n=1), field hockey (n=1), and basketball (n=1). MR images revealed localized corticalthickness (n=11), linear intramedullary callus showing a low signal on T1 and T2 weighted images (n=9), marrowhyperemia (n=7), and flexor digitorum longus muscle injury showing a high signal on T1-Gd DTPA and T2 weightedimage (n=7). CONCLUSION: Stress fracture of the posterior tibia might be induced by flexor digitorum longusmuscle activity induced by athletic or sporting activities during adoleseence.
Adolescent ; Basketball ; Bony Callus ; Football ; Fractures, Stress* ; Hockey ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pentetic Acid ; Racquet Sports ; Running ; Sports ; Tibia*

No abstract available.

In a case of conjunctival malignant melanoma involving the cornea, we evaluated the findings of H,E, Fontana-Masson, S-100 protein, HMB 45 stain after the localized excision in 39 years old male patient. B-scan ultrasonography, orbit, MRI, Ga citrate scanning and bone scan showed no metastasis to the intraocular tissue, orbital adnexae and other organs. In H-E stain, spindle cells containing melanin pigment which was growing diffusely underneath the conjunctival epithelium could be seen. Fontana-Masson and S-100 protein staining resulted in diffusely positive findings, Therefore we could diagnose as 8 spindle B type malignant m.elanom.a. By histopathological examination, in a case of confirmed spindle B type COunctival malignant melanoma involving the cornea, good result, could be obtained by localized excision followed by 11 months.
Adult ; Citric Acid ; Cornea* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Melanins ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit ; S100 Proteins ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Lasers, Gas* ; Microsurgery*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to analyze the incidence, demographic distribution, type, and etiology of mandible fractures that were treated by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital from January 2002 to December 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive and analytic retrospective study that evaluated 735 patients that were treated for mandible fracture. RESULTS: This study included 1,172 fractures in 735 patients. The ratio of male to female patients was 5.45 : 1; the maximum value was in patients between 20 and 29 years (38.1%) and the minimum in patients over 70 years old. The monthly distribution of facial fractures peaked in the fall and was lower during winter. No specific correlation was identified based on the annual fracture distribution. Among the 735 fracture patients, 1.59 fracture lines were observed per patient. The most frequent site was the symphysis, which accounted for a total of 431 fractures, followed by the angle (348), condyle (279), and body (95). The symphysis with angle was the most common site identified in combination with fracture and accounted for 22.4%, followed by symphysis with condyle (19.8%). The angle was the most frequent site of single fractures (20.8%). The major cause of injury was accidental trauma (43.4%), which was followed by other causes such as violence (33.9%), sports-related accidents (10.5%), and traffic accidents (10.1%). Fracture incidents correlated with alcohol consumption were reported between 10.0%-26.9% annually. CONCLUSION: Although mandible fracture pattern is similar to the previous researches, there is some changes in the etiologic factors.
Accidents, Traffic ; Alcohol Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaw Fractures ; Male ; Mandible* ; Mandibular Fractures ; Retrospective Studies* ; Surgery, Oral ; Violence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There have been no reports on the effect of chronic psychological stress on colonic immune cells or the regional differences. We aimed to investigate the effect of chronic psychological stress on the number of mast cells and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2-positive cells in the rat colonic mucosa. METHODS: Six-week-old and 14-week-old Ws/Ws rats, which lack mast cells after 10 weeks, were used as control and mast cell-deficient groups, respectively. The rats were divided into stress and sham-treated groups. Rats in the stressed group were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS, 1 hour/day) for 13 days. Fecal pellet output and the number of mast cells and PAR-2-positive cells in colonic mucosa were compared between the WAS and sham groups. RESULTS: In 6-week-old rats, the WAS group showed a significantly higher number of mast cells compared to the sham group. In 14-week-old rats, mast cells were nearly absent in the colonic mucosa. WAS significantly increased PAR-2-positive cells in 14-week-old rats, but not in 6-week-old rats. Indirect estimation of PAR-2-positive mast cells in 6-week-old rats suggested that the majority of increased mast cells following WAS did not express PAR-2. WAS increased mast cells and PAR-2-positive cells mainly in the proximal colon. Fecal pellet output was continuously higher in the WAS group than in the sham group, and the difference was significant for both 6-week-old and 14-week-old rats. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic psychological stress increased the number of mast cells and PAR-2-positive cells in rat colonic mucosa, and these increases were more prominent in the proximal colon.
Animals ; Cell Count* ; Colon* ; Mast Cells* ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: Epidemiologic data on emergency department (ED) patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are limited. We examined the prevalence, risk factors, etiologies and outcomes for the various forms of the SIRS, as well as their relationships with infection in ED. METHODS: The subjects were 16,718 non-trauma adult patients who visited a 900- bed university hospital ED between November 2006 and October 2007. ED records were reviewed, and all patients meeting the criteria for SIRS were enrolled retrospectively. SIRS patients were further subdivided into four groups (non-infectious SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock). Baseline characteristics, ED dispositions, and prognoses of patients in each group were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 16,718 patients, there were 2,790 SIRS patients (16.7%). The SIRS patient group was composed of 1,546 non-infectious SIRS patients (55.4%), 1,078 sepsis patients (38.6%), 119 severe sepsis patients (4.3%), and 47 septic shock patients (1.7%). ED patients with SIRS were older on average than non-SIRS patients (52 versus 48, p<0.001). The most common sources of SIRS was the gastrointestinal system (28.3%), followed by the respiratory system (22.9%) and the genitourinary system (11.8%). Pneumonia (18.9%) was the single most common cause of infectious SIRS. The admission rate was higher for SIRS patients than for non-SIRS patients (44% versus 21%). The 28-day mortality rate for non-infectious SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock patients were 4.5%, 1.3%, 25.2%, and 63.8%. Sepsis severity was correlated with increased rates of both hospital admission and mortality (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: 55% of SIRS patients who visited the ED had a non-infectious cause. SIRS patients were older than non-SIRS patients, and hospital and ICU admission rates were also higher. Sepsis severity was correlated with older age, increased hospital admission rate, increased ICU admission rate, and increased mortality rate.
Adult ; Emergencies ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; Urogenital System

PURPOSE: In cases of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the leading therapeutic modality. However, much controversy exists about the chemotherapeutic regimens and radiation methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During concurrent chemoradiotherapy, three or four cycles of gemcitabine (500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (30 mg/m2) were administered every two weeks while 50.4 Gy of irradiation was administered in 28 fractions (once/day, 5 treatment days/week) to the tumor site, mediastinum, and the involved lymph node region. In addition, a booster irradiation dose of 18 Gy in 10 fractions was administered to the primary tumor site unless the disease progressed. Two or three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were performed with gemcitabine (1,200 mg/m2, 1st and 8th day) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) every three weeks. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients were evaluable for modality response. Response and treatment toxicities were assessed after concurrent chemoradiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy, respectively. One patient (4%) achieved a complete response; whereas 20 patients (69%) achieved a partial response after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Following the consolidation chemotherapy, three patients (10.3%) achieved complete responses and 21 patients (72.4%) achieved partial responses. The median follow-up period was 20 months (range 3m39 months) and the median survival time was 16 months (95% CI; 2.4m39.2 months). The survival rates in one, two, and three years after the completion of treatment were 62.7%, 43.9%, and 20%, respectively. Complications associated to this treatment modality included grade 3 or 4 esophagitis, which occurred in 15 patients (51.7%). In addition, an incidence of 24% for grade 3 and 14% for grade 4 neutropenia. Lastly, grade 2 radiation pneumonitis occurred in 6 patients (22%). CONCLUSION: The response rate and survival time of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with biweekly gemcitabine (500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (30 mg/m2) were encouraging in patients with locally advanced NSCLC. However, treatment related toxicities were significant, indicating that further modification of therapy seems to be warranted.
Incidence ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms