The duration of the phases of left ventricular systole was measured from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid arterial pulse tracing using a multichannel photographic system with paper speed at 100 mm per second. Observations were made in 81 male and 66 female patients with hypertension and 41 healthy males and 38 healthy females who served as controls. All hypertension patients were classified by change in funduscopic finding, EKG and grade of diastolic pressure. STI were measured in each group and analysed. The resutls were as follows: 1. The normal PEP/LVET was 0.293 in male and 0.303 in female. 2. In male & female hypertensive patients, all STI were significantly difference to that of normal control except QA2. 3. In male hypertensive patients, the degree of EKG, funduscopic change and diastolic pressure were positive relation to the increase of PEP/LVET.
Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Systole*

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is the one of the major risk factors causing the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with drugs has been confirmed the effects of therapy showing a decreased incidence of coronary artery disease. Pravastatin is one of the new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and we studied the short-term hypolipidemic effects and safety of pravastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS: We studied 31 patients(7 males and 24 females ; range of age, 36-67 years) for 12 weeks whose plasma levels of total cholesterol were higher than 250mg% after one month period of diet therapy. Pravastatin was administered 10mg/day and measured lipid profiles at 4 week interval. RESULTS: Pravastatin reduced the plasma total cholesterol from 286.2mg% to 212.3mg% (25.9%), the LDL-cholesterol from 204.2mg% to 143.6mg% (29.7%), the triglyceride from 226.0mg% to 161.4mg% (28.6%) after 12 weeks treatment. The HDL-cholesterol increased from 25.8mg% to 46.4mg% (20.5%) after pravastatin therapy. These changes were disclosed all statistically significant compared to baseline levels(p<0.01). The clinical and laboratory examinations before and after pravastatin treatment showed no particular abnormal findings. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that short-term pravastatin therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia seems to be very effective and safe.
Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Incidence ; Male ; Plasma ; Pravastatin* ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lovastatin, new hypolipidemic agent of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, we administered lovastatin 40mg to 80mg once daily for 12 weeks in 20 patients(7 males, 13 females) with primary hypercholesterolemia, and observed the sequential chamges of the lipid profile every 4 weeks. The results are as follows ; 1) The seurm total cholesterol was reduced significantly by 31% from 321+/-36mg% to 210+/-26mg%(p<0.05). 2) The serum triglycerides was significantly reduced from 321+/-168mg% to 228+/-74mg% by 29%(p<0.05). 3) The low density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced significantly from 177+/-36mg% to 120+/-22mg% by 32%(p<0.05). 4) The total lipid, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were also reduced significantly. 5) The ratio between total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change after lovastatin therapy. 6) There was no adverse reaction due to lovastatin therapy during 12 weeks of therapy. These results suggested that lovastatin is a effective and safe now hypolipidemic agent and is a convenient HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for clinical use.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cholesterol, VLDL ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Lovastatin* ; Male ; Oxidoreductases ; Triglycerides

To evaluate the effect of Perindopril in patients with essential hypertension, we administered Perindopril 4 to 8mg/day once daily to 30 patients(18 males, 12 females) for 12 weeks. Baseline blood pressure after 4 weeks with placebo was 150.4+/-7.5/102.0+/-4.3mmHg. The blood pressures of the patients were declined significantly at 4th(140.6+/-14.9/95.4+/-6.5), 8th(136.7+/-11.4/91.7+/-7.6), and 12th(132.3+/-11.1/87.5+/-6.9) week(p<0.01) without change of heart rate. The blood pressure of the patients was normalized below 140/30mmHg in 24 patients(80%) and declined diastolic blood pressure more than 10mmHg in one patients. Therefore the response rate of perindopril was 83.3%. There were reported 3 patients who revealed mild adverse reactions as follows; cough, indigestion, dizziness in one each. In conclusion, these results indicate that antihypertensive therapy with perindopril single daily dose was effective in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and well tolerated.
Blood Pressure ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Dyspepsia ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Perindopril*

The antihypertensive effect and side reactions of nicardipine were observed in 30 cases of essential hypertension, and following results were obtained. 1) Nicardipine has very good antihypertensive effect. After medication alone or combined with atenolol, both systolic and diastolic pressure dropped significantly. 2) The overall effectiveness was 86%. 3) Postural hypotension was not observed. 4) The heart rate was not changed after medication of nicardipine. 5) The side efect was observed in 5 cases such as headache, facial flushing, dizziness and anorexia, but 3 cases were tolerable to continue medication.
Anorexia ; Atenolol ; Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Nicardipine*

Direction of blood flow and peak velocity measurement were made in the four cardiac valve and ascending aorta from 87 normal Korean adults (42 men and 45 women, age range 20-63 years) with CW Doppler echocardiography. Measurments of the peak velocities of mitral valve, tricuspid valve and aortic valve (ascending aorta) completed in the apical window using 2.0MHz Pedof transducer. The measurement of pulmonary flow completed in the parasternal view. Also aortic velocity data obtained from suprasternum (70/87), subcostal area (48/87) and right sternal border(41/87). Aortic flow velocity was highest (121+/-11.7 cm/xec), mitral flow velocity was 86.4+/-12.2 cm/sec, pulmonic flow was 85+/-13.3cm/sec, where as tricuspid was lowest (64.8+/-11.2cm/sec). The velocities of aorta obtained from apex (106.9+/-15cm/sec) and suprasternum (113.1+/-18.9cm/sec) were greater than other sites. These normal Doppler data provide a useful information for evaluating flow velocity pattern in patient with various heart disease.
Adult* ; Aorta* ; Aortic Valve ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Valves ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Transducers ; Tricuspid Valve

There is still discussion concerning the methods for treating Tossy type 3 dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint. Since 1995, the authors have treated 10 patients of type 3 dislocations by arthroscope-assisted modified Weaver and Dunn operation with favorable results. The operation consisted of diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy, arthroscopic resection of acromial end of coracoacromial ligament with bone block, excision of distal end of clavicle, bone block transfer of coracoacromial ligament into the medullary canal of clavicle, and augmentation between coracoid process and resected distal end of clavicle with the Mersilene tape. The advantages of this arthroscope-assisted modified Weaver and Dunn operation are as follows: (1) Using the shoulder arthroscope, associated patholgy in the shoulder joint can be found and treated appropriately. (2) Arthroscopic resection of the acromial end of coracoacromial ligament can give the small incision and least damage to the deltoid muscle so that immediate post-operative range of motion exercise can be possible. (3) Bone block transfer of coracoacromial ligament and augmentation between coracoid process and resected clavicular end can prevent displacement of the resected clavicular end.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Arthroscopes ; Arthroscopy ; Clavicle ; Deltoid Muscle ; Dislocations ; External Fixators* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint

External fixation was improved in its devices and techniques as a specific method of fracture treatment. It was possible to immobilize the fractures firmly with the use of Vidal modified Hoffmann external fixation and could be used effectively in difficult fractures with severe soft tissue injury. From October 1981 to December 1983, 28 patients of tibial fracture who had been treated with Hoffman external fixation at Severence Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine were studied. The results are summerized as follows: 1. The age of patients varied from 14 to 66 years old, the majority (53.6%) being between 20 to 39 years old and males comprized 89.3%. 2. Traffic accidents and machinary injuries comprized 96.4%. 3. Average duration with Hoffmann frame was 16.6 weeks and average time of bone union was30.1 weeks. 4. Many complications were noticed but majority were related to personalities of the fractures, not due to Hoffmann external fixation itself. 5. Hoffmann device was relatively easy and quick to apply: sufficient stability was obtained: reasonable anatomic reduction of major fragments was possible: facilitated treatment and care of polytr- aumatized patients. 6. Secondary operations, e,g., bone grafting and even plastic surgery, had been possible without necessitating removal of the device. 7. It was useful in open fractures with severe soft tissue tissue injury and also in taking care of further necessary managements.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bone Transplantation ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Surgery, Plastic ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

In Korea, there are about 8 million motor vehicles and one-fourth of it is motorcycle. Last year Korean government report on the motor vehicle accidents claimed 12,781 cases of motorcycle accidents and it account for 5.1% of all of motor vehicle accidents occurred in Korea. But this is too broad analysis and lack of statical values. In general, most of people think motorcycle rider will suffer or die from head injuries sustained with motorcycle accident. Even though mandatory law on wearing helmet during motorcycle ride, but we see too many motorcycle riders not wearing helmet, especially in teenagers. The loss of young person by accident is great loss for family, society and economy of nation. No one will doubt the effectiveness of helmet on reduced incidence of head injuries. And multiple studies from United States of America have clearly demonstrated the benefit of helmets in motorcycle accidents. The following study was undertaken to determine the relationship between head injuries and helmet use in motorcycle accident, as well as analysis of general motorcycle accident.
Adolescent ; Americas ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Head Protective Devices ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Motor Vehicles ; Motorcycles* ; United States

No abstract available.