No abstract available.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis*

HPV infection has been implicated strongly in the pathogenesis of human squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). We analysed a series of 28 surgically removed, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus by polymerase chain reaction to detect HPV DNA using consensus primers and 8 type-specific primers of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 51). HPV 6, 31, 35 or 51 DNA were detected in 20 out of 28 cases (71.4%) of the esophageal SCCs. HPV 51 was the most frequently detected type, occuring in 13 out of 28 cases (46.4%). p53 immunohistochemical staining was also performed to demonstrate any relationship to HPV DNA positivity. It showed positivity in 16 out of 28(57.1%) esophageal SCCs, and HPV DNA and p53 positivity were concurrently detected in 11 out of 28 cases of SCCs. There was no significant inverse relation between HPV DNA positivity and p53 expression(p>0.05). Our results supported HPV involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and suggested there may be another pathway not related to the p53-binding pathway in the carcinogenesis of esophageal SCCs by HPV.
Humans

No abstract available.

Proliferative activity of a malignant tumor is known to reflect its biological aggressiveness. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a marker of cellular proliferation, and silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have been shown to correlate with ploidy and proliferative activity of cells. In transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, the prognostic value of these markers has not been well defined. We studied PCNA expression and the AgNORs count in 22 transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis to assess their prognostic significance compared with their cumulative survival rate, the stage of disease and histopathologic features of the tumors. An immunohistochemical method and a standard colloidal silver staining were used. The mean percentage of PCNA positivity (PCNA index) and the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (AgNORs score) were determined. In a multivariable analysis, PCNA indexes were significantly associated with tumor stage (p=0.024), whereas AgNORs scores were not significantly associated with the stage or histopatholgic features of the tumors. Histologic grade was correlated to disease stage at a significant level (p=0.000). But there was a trend of low tumor PCNA-indices or AgNORs counts with survival advantage for patients, but this did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that the fraction of PCNA positive nuclei would be useful for investigating the malignant potential of renal pelvic cancers, although their clinical use as markers of biologic behavior may be limited.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Colloids ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; Ploidies ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Silver Staining ; Survival Rate

Anal duct carcinoma is a rare tumor, and accounts for less than 5 percent of all anal cancers, which typically present a long-standing perianal fistulas. Some authors suggest that the fistulous tracts are congenital duplications of the lower end of the hind gut lined by rectal mucosa which is prone to malignant change to mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is usually a well differentiated mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma. The prognosis after wide excision of the rectum is relatively good. Since 1985, we have had three cases of anal duct carcinoma with well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma involving the posterior wall of the anus. Two patients had a long history of perianal fistula with mucinous discharge. There was no spread to the regional lymph node except one patient who had regional lymph node metastasis, and post-operative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were then given. All patients have no evidence of any recurrent problem at 16 months to 3 years following the surgical treatment. Because of their rarity and the failure of recognition at an early stage, we are presenting three cases to emphasize the characteristic features of this insidious, slow-growing carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma

It has been postulated that programmed cell death via apoptosis may be critical for remodelling of glomeruli after inflammatory injury. To understand the regulatory mechanism of apoptosis in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), we examined the MIB-1 score (proliferation index, PI) and apoptotic index during the progression of experimental CGN to end-stage renal failure. CGN was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by administration of guinea pig anti-GBM IgG after sensitization with guinea pig IgG and their kidneys were analyzed for the development of crescents through sequential renal biopsies. Serum creatinine levels progressively increased in a time course until day 45. The PI in glomeruli, tubular epithelial cells, and interstitium progressively increased during the progression of experimental CGN. The mean numbers of MIB-1 positive intraglomerular nuclei (PI) were significantly correlated with degrees of crescent formation and the numbers of apoptotic cells in the glomeruli, tubules, and interstitium. Significant apoptosis was present from day 1 (15.8 10.16 cells/glomerular cross section) and increased in number with the proliferative lesions as glomerular inflammation continued. Moreover, apoptosis increased during the resolution of the glomerular inflammation, and many apoptotic cells were present in the sclerotic lesions in day 17 (18.6 12.99 cells/glomerular cross section). As glomerular inflammation subsided, cellular crescents progressed to fibrous crescents with a reduction of cellularity by day 45. On day 45, the glomerular PI and the numbers of apoptotic cells were markedly decreased. The correlations found in CGN between the creatinine level and the percentage of crescents, between the percentage of crescent and PI, and between the PI and number of apoptotic cells support the hypothesis that there is a change in the glomerular and tubulo-interstitial apoptosis under pathologic conditions. These findings indicate that apoptosis plays an essential role in the resolution of intra- and extraglomerular inflammation and in the elimination of glomerular cells within the sclerotic regions for progressive CGN. The regulation of the apoptotic phenomenon and increased PI during CGN may be important in the progression of glomerular inflammation and the development of pathologic glomerular sclerosis.
Animals ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Cell Death ; Creatinine ; Epithelial Cells ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin G ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Rabbits ; Sclerosis

Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a relatively uncommon, benign tumor that usually presents in the subcutaneous fat of adult men. Histopatholgical findings show the lipomatous tissue to be replaced by a mixture of uniform spindle cells and mature fat cells closely within a mucoid matrix. We report a first case of SCL in a 24-year-old female. She had a solitary subcutaneous mass on right flank. Immunohistochemical staining shows positive for vimentin, CD34, but negative for S-100 protein. The patient was excised and showed no evidence of recurrence.
Adipocytes ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Vimentin ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Today, the eradication of H. pylori represents a generally accepted and beneficial therapeutic strategy for treatment and prevention of peptic ulcer relapse. Major factors that have affected H. pylori eradication are eradication rate of regimen, compliance of patients and complications of drugs. Recently, the combination of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin has been accepted as one of the most effective treatment for the eradication of H. pylori. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this therapeutic modality in Korean patients. METHODS: Two hundred twenty three patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection were taken two types of triple therapy. Group A were treated with omeprazole 20 mg bid, amoxicillin 500 mg tid, clarithromycin 500 mg tid daily for 14 days. Group B were treated with omeprazole 20 mg bid, amoxicillin 1g bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid daily for 7 days. Endoscopy with H. pylori tests was repeated 4 weeks after the end of treatment and then biopsy specimens were taken in antrum and body. CLO test and Warthin Starry silver stain were conducted concordantly. RESULTS: The H. pylori eradication rate was 92.5% in group A, 90.4% in group B. There was no significant difference in eradication rate. More than 50% of ulcer size reduction was observed 90.5% in group A, 86.3% in group B. There was no significant difference in ulcer healing(p > 0.05). The incidence of all side effects in both group were as follows; 22.6% in group A, 19.1% in group B. But major side effect was found only group A, of whom the symptom was too serious for the treatment to continue. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the seven days regimen was more favorable, because the eradication rate was almost the same as the 14 days regimen. And drug compliance and cost effectiveness were better than 14 days treatment regimen.
Amoxicillin* ; Biopsy ; Clarithromycin* ; Compliance ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Endoscopy ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Omeprazole* ; Peptic Ulcer ; Recurrence ; Silver ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of acute renal failure. It is characterized by the destruction of tubular epithelial cells. To examine apoptosis and proliferative activity of tubular cells in the course of acute tubular necrosis, we induced acute renal failure by intramuscular hypertonic glycerol injection to New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: The immunohistochemistry was done for Ki-67 and tissue-transglutaminase (tTG), and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was performed using a total of 77 renal specimens including 29 gun biopsies and 48 nephrectomiy specimens. RESULTS: Widespread tubular injury with pigment casts and interstitial hemorrhage were noted. The tubular proliferation index was increased at 2 hours after glycerol injection, and the index peaked at 3 hours. The second cell proliferation peak was noted at 3 days. Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL and tTG staining. The apoptotic index was significantly increased, and it peaked at 24 hours after glycerol injection. There was a significant correlation between the proliferation index (MIB-1) the and the apototic index (TUNEL)(p= 0.001). A DNA ladder pattern was observed at 6 to 8 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Tubular cell proliferation and apoptosis occur in the early phase after the induction of acute tubular necrosis, and the excess hyperplastic epithelial cells appear to be eliminated by apoptosis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Cell Proliferation* ; DNA ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Epithelial Cells ; Glycerol* ; Hemorrhage ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Necrosis* ; Rabbits ; Regeneration

BACKGROUND: Fas ligand (FasL) is a lethal cytokine that promotes apoptosis through activation of the Fas receptor. There are few studies on the expression of FasL in normal or injured renal tissue. We have shown previously that apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL and tissue-transglutaminase staining in the tubular cells of experimental acute tubular necrosis model. The tubular cell proliferation and apoptosis occurred in the early phase after induction of acute tubular necrosis and the excess hyperplastic epithelial cells appeared to be eliminated by apoptosis. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of acute renal failure, and characterized by destruction of tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: To elucidate the role of tubular expression of FasL in the course of acute tubular necrosis, we induced acute renal failure by intramuscular glycerol injection to New Zealand White rabbits and studied the sequential expression of FasL by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Acute tubular injury with pigment casts and interstitial hemorrhage were diffusely noted. There was no expression of FasL in normal kidney tissue. Tubular expression of FasL was increased after 4 hours and peaked at 3 days and then gradually decreased at 7 days. CONCLUSION: FasL was expressed by renal tubular cells and its expression increased during acute renal injury. Activation of the FasL may promote tubular apoptosis. These data suggested that FasL may play a pathogenetic role in acute tubular necrosis through apoptotic cascades. These facts imply that the FasL/Fas system can be considered a new target for therapeutic intervention in kidney damage.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antigens, CD95 ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial Cells ; Fas Ligand Protein* ; Glycerol ; Hemorrhage ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Kidney* ; Necrosis* ; Rabbits ; Rhabdomyolysis