We report a case of secretory carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 21-year old woman. She was aware of a mass in her breast for 10 years and noticed a rapid growth of the preexisting mass during the last years. Histologically, the tumor was composed of micropapillary and microcystic or cribriform glandular structures which contained eosinophilic, mucinous, intraluminal secretions. The center had a dense hyalinized strama with a solid infiltrative growth of tumor cells with intracytoplasmic secretory vacuoles at the periphery. In addition, marked intraductal papillary epithelial proliferations were present at the superficial portions of the tumor near the nipple. Prognostic factors and their relationship to juvenile papillomatosis are discussed with a review of the literature.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Breast Neoplasms

Stem cells are emerging as therapeutic candidates in a variety of diseases because of their multipotent capacities. Among these, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood or adipose tissue, comprise a population of cells that exhibit extensive proliferative potential and retain the ability to differentiate into multiple tissue-specific lineage cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs have also been shown to enhance neurological recovery, although the therapeutic effects seem to be derived from an indirect paracrine effect rather than direct cell replacement. MSCs secrete neurotrophic factors, promote endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis, encourage synaptic connection and remyelination of damaged axons, decrease apoptosis, and regulate inflammation primarily through paracrine actions. Accordingly, MSCs may prevail as a promising cell source for cell-based therapy in neurological diseases.
Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism/*therapy ; Neurogenesis/physiology ; Tissue Therapy/methods

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: We tried to check the accuracy of references in the Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society and Journals of the Korean Pediatric Subspecialty Societies. We also wanted to know the citation patterns of authors by analyzing the frequency of cited materials. METHODS: Three journals were randomly selected from the 2000 issues of Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society and nine journals were selected mainly from the second half of 2000 issues of each Journal of the Korean Pediatric Subspecialty Societies for the study. Then the accuracy of references was checked with Medline. Journals before 1964, books, and journals which were not written in English were used only in the citation pattern analysis. RESULTS: Author errors were the most common(21.3%) among the reference elements. The next was title errors, followed by page errors, journal errors, volume errors and year errors. Total average error rate was 34.7% and we were unable to find journals in 89 cases(2.2%). The journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology had the lowest error rate(17.4%) and the journal of the Korean Pediatric Cardiology Society had the highest error rate(53.2%). The reference journals which were published and quoted in the most recent three years were only 612 cases(15%). Foreign journals were selected as reference(78.4%) more than domestic journals; The Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society was the most frequently cited reference(43.3%) among domestic journals. CONCLUSION: Authors are ultimately responsible for the accuracy of references and they should check the reference list with responsibility. Hopefully, authors also will have to use more domestic journals and recent journals.
Cardiology ; Neonatology

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and paranoid ideation, and to explore moderating and mediating effects of depression and self-esteem in that relationship. METHODS: Ninety seven neurosis patients receiving treatment in a psychiatric outpatient setting were selected. Social Exclusion Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, paranoia scale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Social exclusion showed highly positive correlation with paranoid ideation, and had significant influence. Among three types of social exclusion, contempt, bullying, and isolation, only isolation showed significant influence on paranoid ideation. Depression showed a partial mediating effect on that relationship indicating that social exclusion affects paranoid ideation not only directly, but also indirectly. On the other hand, self-esteem showed no moderating or mediating effects on that relationship. CONCLUSION: Depression mediates the influence of social exclusion on paranoid ideation. This finding provides an opportunity to decrease paranoid ideation of neurosis patients by not only prescription of antipsychotic agents but also therapeutic approach to social exclusion and depression. An experimental study to verify these findings seems to be needed.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Bullying ; Depression* ; Hand ; Humans ; Negotiating* ; Outpatients ; Paranoid Disorders ; Prescriptions ; Social Isolation

In the adult mammalian brain, neural-lineage cells are continuously generated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These cells in vivo arising from the adult SVZ may be regulated by environmental enrichment (EE). EE is a method of raising animals in a huge cage containing novel objects, running wheels and social interaction with a complex combination of physical, cognitive, and social stimulations. EE can affect neural plasticity via overexpression of growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and synaptic activity-regulating genes. EE also have advanced effects on brain functions including the enhancement of motor and cognitive functions in normal and pathological states. Additionally, behavioral changes by EE are related with molecular changes including neurogenesis, gliogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal sprouting, and dendritic branching in the adult brain. In this review, we focus on brain plasticity and neurorestoration associated with molecular changes of neurotrophic growth factors such as BDNF, VEGF, IGF-1, FGF-2 and synaptic activity-regulating genes that occurs in interaction to EE.
Adult ; Animals ; Axons ; Brain* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Dentate Gyrus ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Interpersonal Relations ; Neurogenesis ; Plastics* ; Running ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Hemangioma of the median nerve is very rare and a few cases of intraneural hemangioma of this nerve have been reported in the literature. We present a case of 33-year-old man who had an intraneural hemangioma of the median nerve. He complained of symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome for a month. On preoperative ultrasonography, a mass of the median nerve was observed in the region of the right wrist. At surgery, a mass of the median nerve was removed totally and histopathologic examination confirmed an intraneural hemangioma of the median nerve. The symptoms were relieved completely without any neurologic deficit after the operation.
Adult ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Wrist

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of shoulder proprioception in normal subjects, according to the direction of the evoked fatigue on the shoulder muscle group. METHOD: 20 healthy volunteers (14 males and 6 females, age 20~35 years) with entirely normal shoulders participated in this study. Before fatigue exercises, the proprioception tests were performed during active reposition (ARP) and passive reposition (PRP) of dominant shoulder, using isokinetic dynamometer, System 3 Pro (Biodex medical system, New York, USA). Three trials each of active and passive repositioning (2degrees/sec) were recorded. We also estimated the results of the peak torque shoulder movements. The subjects performed maximal efforts with five repetitions on the direction of flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation. The mean values of maximal concentric voluntary contraction (MVC: peak torque of each muscle group contraction) were recorded. We repeated fatigue exercises until the peak torque dropped to 30% three times consistently, then retested the proprioception of shoulder joints. We compared the proprioceptive changes of the shoulder with pre-fatigue test and post-fatigue test on the direction of shoulder movements. RESULTS: There were significant differences of shoulder proprioception between pre-fatigue test and post-fatigue test of ARP in shoulder abduction and external rotation (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, the proprioception of shoulder joint decreased more prominently on external rotation and abduction movements under severely provoked muscle fatigue around the shoulder joint.
Contracts ; Exercise ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Fatigue ; Muscles ; New York ; Proprioception ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Torque

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical usefulness of KCl provocative urodynamic study in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic bladder. METHOD: Urodynamic studies using normal saline and 0.2 M KCl solution were performed on 46 spinal cord injured patients. The reflex volume was measured on urodynamic study using normal saline and 0.2 M KCl solution. If the reflex volume using KCl solution was smaller than 85% of reflex volume using normal saline, it was considered as positive response. Urine culture and urinalysis were also performed before urodynamic study. RESULTS: KCl provocative tests showed positive response in patients showing current infection on urine culture and urinalysis (p<0.05). Comparing with the positive response group and negative response group, mean maximal bladder capacity was smaller and mean bladder compliance was lower in the positive response group (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between positive and negative response groups according to age, duration since injury, completeness of injury, voiding methods, and anticholinergic medication. The mean reflex volume provoked by KCl solution was smaller and mean bladder compliance provoked by KCl solution was lower than those provoked by normal saline in the positive response group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The response of KCl provocative test suggested increased bladder-blood-urine barrier permeability by current urinary tract infection. We conclude that the KCl provocative urodynamic study is a useful method for detection of impaired bladder-blood-urine barrier in spinal cord injuries with neurogenic bladder.
Compliance ; Humans ; Permeability ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic* ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urodynamics*