No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Motor Vehicles*

This study was carried out to develop a Korean language version of Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS). The subjects consisted of 173 males and 161 females drawn from various groups of the general population by a cluster of sampling methods. In order to analyze the data on depression scores, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient method was carried .out, as well as reliability and factor analysis, by the SPSS/PC+ program. The results obtained were as follows: The mean average of the total depression scores were 40.60. 8.66 for the subjects. Thirty-seven subjects (11.1%) showed high depression scores of 50 or over. Test-retest reliability(coefficient r=0.82, p <0.001), internal consistency(coefficient r=0.84, p <0.001) were satisfactory. Factor analysis using oblique technique rotation yielded five factors. The items of confusion, indecisiveness, decreased libido, diurnal variation, and psychomotor retardation were scored higher by the subjects. The items of suicidal rumination, psychomotor agitation, constipation, irritability, and weight loss were scored lower.
Constipation ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Libido ; Male ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Complementary Therapies*

Cyclosporine A (CSA), a lipophilic cyclic undecapeptide, is not accumulated evently in all tissues and has a high affinity to several tissues such as lymphoid organs, liver, and kidneys. From this point of view, it is reasonable to assume that the amount of CSA uptake would be correlated with the extent of cell injury. On the other hand, verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, bas been shown to ameliorate CSA nephrotoxicity. Since proximal tubule is the major site of drug transport and CSA uptake and its interaction with verapamil in isolated human renal proximal tubular cells. The CSA uptake rapidly increased over the first 5 min and then achieved almost steady-state after 10 min at all concentrations (0.5-10 uM). Kinetic analysis yielded that the Km and Vmax values of CSA were 5.6 uM and 86.2 p mol/mg cell protein/min, respectively. And Ca2+ depletion in media enhanced CSA uptake significantly but verapamil reduced it. These results suggest that the Ca2+ channels and CSA transporting sites on cell membrane are closely associated and that Ca2+ and CSA might be taken up competitively by proximal tubular cells.
Humans

Nephrotoxicity is the most common dose-limiting factor of cyclosporine A (CSA) in clinical usage. But the mechanism of CSA-induced nephrotoxicity still remains unresolved. Many authors insisted that CSA induced renal proximal tubular cell injury is due to the secondary effects following hemodynamic changes or endothelial cell damage, instead of direct toxicity by CSA. To find out that CSA has a direct toxicity to the proximal tubular cells, the author used primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells to eliminate the hemodynamic or endothelial influences that could be produced in in vivo model. In the present study, the viability against CSA was tested by the neutral red assay method with modulation of Ca2+ amount in incubating media and observed electron microscopically. The viability test showed direct toxic effect of CSA on human proximal tubular cells and this was enhanced by Ca2+ depletion in incubating media. Morphologically noted are accumulation of lipid droplets and polyribosomal dispersion, which may be association with inhibition of cellular synthetic activity. These results suggest the toxixity is a direct effect of cyclosporine and that toxic mechanism may be due to inhibition of cellular synthetic activity. And this experiment also showed that primary cultures of human renal proximal tubular cells can be a good in in vivo model for investigating CSA nephrotoxicity.
Humans

No abstract available.
Headache*

BACKGROUND: Chronically disabled rehabilitating patients influence their family members by their physical dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to know the relation of family function and physical function in disable person who is periodically treated in r ehabilitation department. METHODS: To know the family function according to physical disability, 64 patients(M/ F: 40/24) in rehabilitation clinic in 1 university hospital was studied by questionnaires including ADL(activity of daily living), IADL(instrumental actvity of daily living), FIM(functional independence measure), family APGAR. RESULTS: Causes of disabilities were stroke 2, traumatic brain injury 14, fracture 16, spinal cord injury 12, burn 2, arthritis 9, back pain syndrome 9 in order. Physical function of functional families was better than dysfunctional families. And physical function according to FIM score was statistically significant(p<0.05). Physical function was significantly(P value, ADL: 0.021, IADL: 0.009, FIM: 0.005) correlated with family APGAR score. CONCLUSIONS: Physical function and family function in rehabilitating patients with irreversible disability have significant correlations. Physician have to consider family function and dynamics in care of physically disabled patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Apgar Score ; Arthritis ; Back Pain ; Brain Injuries ; Burns ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of personality dimensions of schizophrenics. Subjects in this study were 71 chronic schizophrenics, 59 acute schizophrenics. and 87 normal persons. All subjects was asked to respond to EPQ(Korean Version Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Collected data were analyzed by using the statistical techniques of discriminant function analysis, t-test and one-way -variable analysis. The results were as follows : Acute and chronic schizophrenics were higher than normal persons on psychoticism score. However, there was no significant difference between chronic and acute schizophrenics on the psychoticism score. Discriminant analysis was adopted to identify the scales in EPQ that were most effective in discriminating between normals and schizophrenics. Psychoticism of EPQ function was the most effective variable that discriminates between the normals and the schizophrenics.
Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Biopsy