To evaluate the follow-up management state and related factor of lead battery workers in periodic health examination as part of program of group occupational health service, author studied 293 workers with questionnaire on knowledge of results and follow-up management state and related factors, and compared the responses to their periodic health examination result charts. The results were as follows: 1. 252(86%) workers responsed that they had received the health examination result chart, but only 116(39.6%) workers responsed that they had been educated or explained about the result of health examination, and 11(57.9%) workers among 19 workers with non-occupational disease D, 101(44.3%) workers among 228 workers with non-occupational disease C, and 19(28.4%) workers among 67 workers with occupational disease C knew accurately their health examination results. 2. 78(24.8%) of the workers responsed that they had follow-up management, and contents of follow-up management were follow-up(36.6%), out-patient treatment(31%), change worksite(8.5%), temporary retirement(7.0%) and others(16.9%). 3. Most of the workers responsed that the health examination were necessary, but three-fourths of the workers responsed that the health examination had been superficial or that they didn't know. 4. In this study, follow-up management show significant association with only explanation or education about health examination result chart.
Education ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Knowledge of Results (Psychology) ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health Services ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory tract infections are common causes of hospitalization in children and viruses are major causative agents. The causative viruses are known to be variable by age, region, or year. We investigated the recent 5-year epidemics of respiratory viruses for pediatric patients in two university hospitals in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1996 through June 2001, viral agents were detected for the 2,317 pediatric patients who were hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection in Hanyang University Hospital and Hanyang University Guri Hospital. We obtained nasopharyngeal aspirates on the day of admission and detected the viruses by indirect immunofluorescent staining method (Respiratory panel I viral Screening & Identification Kit, Light Diagnostics, Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA). RESULTS: The causative viral agents were detected in 737(31.76%) patients. They were respiratory syncytial virus of 53.6%, influenza A virus 38.6%, adenovirus 5.5%, influenza B virus 1.9%, and parainfluenzavirus 0.4%. The epidemics of RSV were found during winter, but the epidemics of influenza A were found more frequently in spring, which had tendency of following the epidemic of RSV. Adenovirus was detected sporadically throughout year. RSV was found more frequently in patient with bronchiolitis and pneumonia and also found more frequently in patient less than 6 month of age. Influenza A and adenovirus were in patients of pneumonia and in more frequently in patient one to two year of age. CONCLUSION: Viruses were the leading causative agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients. RSV was the most important causative agent. Influenza A virus was the second frequent viral agent and detection rate was higher than other reports. The detection rate of parainfluenza virus was lower than other reports from Korea or from abroad.
Adenoviridae ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections

The blink reflex is an electrically induced glabella response that has long been used in clinical neurology. The blink reflex is now known to be a polysynaptic reflex with an afferent arc through sensory fibers of the trigerminal nerve and with an c,fferent arc through the motor fibers of the facial nerve. This study was performed to determine the relationship of latency and amplitude to ethnic groups sex and age and to obtain the normal data of korean in the blink reflex(BR) and direct facial nerve stimulation test(DFNS). BR and DFNS were recorded in 103 normal korean adults that consisted of 52 men and 51 women and the age ranged 22 to 77 years. The results are as follows: (1) the Rl wave was more stable than R2 and contralateral R2 wave, (2) there seerns to be no significant difference of latency and amphtude between ethnic groups, (3) the latency of Rl wave was shorter and the amplitude of CMAP was larger m men compared with women and (4) the latency of Rl wave was increased by aging.
Adult* ; Aging ; Blinking* ; Ethnic Groups ; Facial Nerve* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurology ; Reflex

Avellis syndrome is a clinical disorder characterized by ipsilateral paralysis of palate, larynx, and vocal cord paralysis and contralateral hemianesthesia. The syndrome is usually due to lesion of medulla oblongata. Involeved structures are nucleus ambiguus, lateral spinothalamic tract, and descending sympathetic fibers. We present 2 cases of Avellis syndrome with MRI findings, which showed infarction of right-sided upper medulla oblongata.
Adrenergic Fibers ; Infarction ; Larynx ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medulla Oblongata ; Palate ; Paralysis ; Spinothalamic Tracts ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

Fatty liver is caused by derangement of fat metabolism and can be reversed by removal of contributing factors. The contributing factors of fatty liver is known to be overweight, chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and drug abuse such as tetracycline. This study was carried out on 1335 persons who visited 'Soon Chun Hyang Human Dock Center' from March to June 1990. In analysis of the data, prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram by age and sex, laboratory finding between fatty liver group and normal group, and odds ratio of known contributing factors, were compared. The results obtained are as following; 1) The prevalence rate of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram is 29.6% in male and 11.5% in female. 2) Age groups with high prevalences are 40~50's in male (32.0%) and 50's in female (24.5%). 3) The fatty liver shows significant association with style (p<0.05), whereas not with hepatitis B-virus surface antigen (p>0.05). 4) All laboratory values except alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are elevated significantly in accordance with the degree of fatty liver (p<0.01). 5) Fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram showed so strong associations with body index, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transferase for males, and body index and fasting blood sugar for females that these factors may be used as supplementary data in establishing diagnosis of fatty liver. 6) Odds ratio of contributing factors are as follows; If the odds ratio of below 29 year of age is 1.0 then that of 30~39 is 1.74 (p=0.33), 40~49 is 2.47 (p=0.10), 50~59 is 2.86 (p=0.0570), over 60 is 1.81 (p=0.34). If the odds ratio of female is 1.0 then that of male is 5.67 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of body index below zero is 1.0 then that of 0~9 is 5.08 (p<0.01), 10~19 is 12.37 (p<0.01), 20~29 is 29.19 (p<0.01), 30 above is 154.02 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of below 99 mg/dl FBS is 1.0 then that of 100~120 is 106 (p=0.76), over 120 is 1.91 (p=0.02). If the odds ratio of below 29 micron/1 gamma-GT is 1.0 then that of 30~s59 is 2.11 (p<0.01), 60~90 is 1.87 (p<0.05), 90 above is 1.69 (p=0.15). If the odds ratio of below 149 mg/dl TG is 1.0 then 150~199 is 1.49 (p=0.05), 200~250 is 1.09 (p=0.77), 250 above is 2.53 (p<0.01). In summary, early diagnosis of fatty liver could be made by ultrasonogram supplemented with body index and serum triglyceride. The fatty liver could be preventive by avoiding contributing factors such as obesity, alcohol intake, high blood sugar appropriately.
Alcoholism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Antigens, Surface ; Bilirubin ; Blood Glucose ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver* ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Metabolism ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Prevalence* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Tetracycline ; Transferases ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography*

Objectives: This study examines the foodservice status of kindergartens attached to elementary schools in Seoul. We further determine the perception of elementary school principals and kindergarten assistant principals on the foodservice management for kindergartens. Methods: This survey was conducted from July 17 to 23, 2019, enrolling 207 kindergartens attached to elementary schools in Seoul. Questionnaires were sent to principals of elementary schools and assistant principals of kindergartens, and the data obtained from 89 kindergartens were included in the analysis. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: general information on subjects, foodservice management status, foodservice management status during elementary school vacations, and the perception of principals of elementary schools and assistant principals of kindergartens on foodservice management. Data are presented as frequency and percentage or mean and standard deviation. Statistical comparison between principals of elementary schools and assistant principals of kindergartens was conducted by paired t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: A separate menu (10.1%) or recipe (20.2%) that considers preschooler characteristics was rarely used for foodservice at kindergartens attached to elementary schools. Most kindergartens did not have a separate dining space (3.4%) or a dedicated cook (93.3%). Although most kindergartens (92.1%) had operational foodservice during elementary school vacations, non-professional staff and non-nutrition teacher were mainly in charge of organizing the menu and purchasing ingredients (34.1% and 41.5%, respectively). The rate of using a contract catering company (28.0%, 23.2%) was also high. Both elementary school principals and assistant principals of kindergartens showed a high perception of the necessity for providing responsibility allowances for nutrition teachers and improving the cooking environment for kindergartens during elementary school vacations. Conclusions There is a need for policies and administrative support measures to improve the quality of foodservices for kindergartens attached to elementary schools.

OBJECTIVES: To report a case of toxic hepatitis in a worker exposed to a cleansing agent mainly composed of methylene chloride. METHODS: A 27-year-old female worker who had worked in an inspection and packing position of semiconductor parts in a factory using methylene chloride as a metal cleansing solvent was hospitalized due to fever, chill and generalized aches. We evaluated her with blood tests, abdominal ultrasonographic scan and abdominal CT scan and also took her occupational history. RESULTS: The patient showed acute hepatitis in blood and radiologic tests after admission. The serologic tests for viral hepatitis A, B, C and autoimmune hepatitis were negative. She had no history of significant alcohol use, recent medication or drug allergy. After admission, her symptoms were improved and liver enzyme levels(AST and ALT) were markedly reduced. She returned to her workplace after discharge. Thereafter, however, her previous symptoms were recurred and she was hospitalized again 2 days after returning to her workplace. After this second admission, she showed acute hepatitis in blood tests and her symptoms were improved and liver enzyme levels were markedly reduced with the same pattern as those of the first admission. On the 11th day of the second admission, liver enzyme levels were normalized and she was discharged from hospital. CONCLUSIONS: We presume that this patient`s liver injury was related to the methylene chloride presence at her workplace due to her clinical symptoms, blood tests, radiologic tests and occupational history.
Adult ; Detergents* ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury* ; Female ; Fever ; Hematologic Tests ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Humans ; Liver ; Methylene Chloride* ; Semiconductors ; Serologic Tests ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of ocular, respiratory and skin symptoms among solderers and to investigate the relationship between symptom prevalence and exposure intensity. METHODS: We analyzed 126 eligible participants out of a population of 146 male solderers who completed the symptom questionnaires. Fourteen symptoms including 'itchy and red eyes', 'itchy or prickly nose', 'sneezing', 'rhinorrhea', 'blocked nose', 'pricklythroat', 'foreign body sensation in throat', 'sudden bouts of coughing', 'exertional breathlessness ', 'wheezing', 'sputum production', 'itchy face or hands', 'acneiform eruptions on the face'and 'red spots on the face or hands'were contained. Blood lead levels of all the 126 participants were tested and the participants'own assessments of the health risk of soldering were collected. RESULTS: Of the 14 investigated symptoms, 'sudden bouts of coughing'was significantly more prevalent in solderers who worked 4 hours or more a day than those who worked less than 4 hours a day, as for the other symptoms, there were no significant differences in the preva1ences related to daily soldering hours. 2.8% of the solderers considered the risk of flux exposure to be serious. The mean blood lead level was 6.05 microgram/dL (maximum 15.50 microgram /dL). CONCLUSIONS: Soldering may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms. Further investigations on the hazards of soldering processes are warranted and solderers should be educated on these hazards.
Asthma, Occupational ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Skin*

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of fermented Scutellariae Radix (JKTMHGu-100) in rats and dogs. JKTM-HGu-100 was orally administered at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. An escalating single-dose oral toxicity test in beagle dogs was performed at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg with 4-day intervals. Clinical signs, changes in body weight, mortality, and necropsy findings were examined for 2 weeks following oral administration. No toxicological changes related to the test substance nor mortality was observed after administration of a single oral dose of JKTM-HGu-100 in rats or dogs. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (LD) for oral administration of JKTMHGu-100 in rats was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerance doses (MTDs) in rats and dogs were also estimated to be over 2,000 mg/kg. These results indicate that JKTM-HGu-100 shows no toxicity in rodents or non-rodents at doses of 2,000 mg/kg or less.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Dogs ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rodentia ; Scutellaria ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; Toxicity Tests

A case of 39-year-old diabetic patient with a calcitonin and somatostatin secreting pancreatic islet tumor is presented. He had suffered from chronic diarrhea and dyspepsia for 10 years and was diagnosed with diabetes 2 years ago. Abdominal CT revealed a huge abdominal mass which was considered as a neuroendocrine tumor after US-guided needle biopsy. A distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Histologically, tumor cells, amanged in solid sheets, showed small nuclei without significant atypia and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Tumor cells showed strong immunoreacitivity for calcitonin and somatostatin. The serum clacitonin was markedly elevated (268.7 pmol/L, normal range; 0.9-7.6 pmol/L). After resection of the tumor, diarrhea and dyspepsia diappeared, and oral glucose tolerance test showed normal glucose tolerance with normalization of calcitonin.
Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; Calcitonin* ; Cytoplasm ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diarrhea ; Dyspepsia ; Eosinophils ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Pancreatectomy ; Reference Values ; Somatostatin* ; Splenectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed