Injuries to the acromioclavicular joint are usually the result of force applied downward to the acromoion. Surgery treatment modalities for grade IU complete acromioclavicular dislocation are extremely varied and usually successful. 13 cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocation were operated by techniuqe of Kirschner wire with tension-band wiring at Wonju Christian Hospital from June 1984 to Oct. 1985. And they had been followed for average 17.8 months and following results were obtained. l. Of the 13 cases, male was 8 cases(61%) and female was 5 cases(39%) . 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident. Nexts were fall down, slip down and direct blow. 3. Results were evaluated by using Weaver and Dunn criteria, 12 cases(92.3%) were good and 1 case was fair but this technique involved a more extensive implant removal that required general anesthesia. Therefore, AO tension-band wiring is thought useful operative method in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acromioclavicular Joint ; Anesthesia, General ; Dislocations ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Male ; Methods

Galeazzis frature has been described as a fracture of the radius complicated by a dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. This fracture, with angulation of the distal radius and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint, shows the tendency to redisplacement after reduction due to a variety of factors including the brachioradialis muscle, the pronator quadratus muscle and the thumb abductors and extensors. Because of these factors, this fracture may rarely be treated by manipulation and plaster immobilization alone. The treatment of choice for Galeazzis fracture is open reduction and internal fixation. The author reviewed the cases of 28 patients with Galeazzis fracture who had been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicie from January 1978 to December 1986. This study emphasized the nature of the injury, the level of the radial fracture, treatment and results. The results were as follows ; 1. The subjects included 2 children and 26 adults. Males were affected more frequently than females, and the sex ratio was 6: 1 2. The causes of injury included car accidents in ten cases(36%), falls in eight cases(29%), injuries from machinery in five cases(18%), direct blows in four cases(14%) and explosion in one case(3%). 3. The fracture occured most often at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the radial shaft in thirteen cases(47%), and less often in the middle third of the radial shat, eitht cases(29%). Infrequent sites of fracture included the junction of the proximal and middle thirds in four cases(14%), the distal third in two cases(7%) and the proximal third of the radius in one case(3%). 4. Twenty-two cases(78%) experienced fracture composed of only two fragmented, but six cases(22%) were multifragment fractures. The frature was oblique and in one case, spiral. In twenty-two cases, the fractures were closed and in six cases, open. Three cases of open fractures had grade III soft tissue injuries. 5. Roentgenograpghic diagnosis of the distal radioulnar joint disruption was possible in 82% of the cases. 6. Associated injuries were noted in 57% of the cases including six cases of head injuries, four cases of head injuries, two cases of injury to the lower extremities, two cases of spinal injury, one cases of a fractured humerus. 7. Conservative treatment was given in five cases and operative treatment twenty-two cases. Conservative treatment gave excellent results in one case, fair results in two cases, while operative treatment resulted in an excellent outcome in thirteen cases, a fair outcome in eight cases and poor in one case. 8. Six cases experienced complications including delayed union in two cases, subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint in two cases, ahgulation in one case and infection in one case.
Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Explosions ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Sex Ratio ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Spinal Injuries ; Thumb

PURPOSE: The incidence of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is higher than that of general population. To evaluate the frequency and CT findings of lung cancer associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we analyzed 19 patients with lung cancer associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 19 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer out of 208 patients diagnosed as IPF either by CT and clinical findings(n=188) or histologically(n=20). All 19 patients were male, aged 40--85 years (mean 66 years). Scanning techniques were conventional CT in 12 patients, HRCT in 1 patient and both conventional CT and HRCT in 6 patients. We analyzed the CT patterns of lung cancer and IPF, locations of the tumor and histologic types of lung cancer. RESULTS: The incidence of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was 9.1%(19/208). In 11 of 19 patients, CT findings of lung cancer were ill-defined consolidation-like mass. Lung cancer was located mainly in lower lobes(right lower Iobe;10/19, left lower Iobe;5/19) and at the periphery(12/19). Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common cell type (11/19). CONCLUSION: The incidence of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was much higher than that of general population. Typical CT findings of lung cancer were predominantly ill-defined consolidation like mass at the peripheral lung portion which is the [ocatiaon where the most advanced fibrosis occur.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To analyse the risk factors for recurrence of hemangiomas in extremities after surgical treatment and to compare with those of trunk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 cases of hemangioma with surgical treatments from June 1998 to September 2009 were analysed. 53 cases with surgical treatment on trunk in the same period were set to be the control group. We analyze several factors: age, location, site, size, histologic types and correlation between recurrence and each risk factor using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Recurrence rate was 11.7% in extremities and 9.4% in trunk. There were no correlation between recurrence and age, site, size, histologic type. But, there was stastically significant correlation between recurrence rate and location, especially hand, forearm, feet in extremities and head and neck in trunk. CONCLUSION: Recurrence after surgical treatment of hemangioma is highly prevalent in anatomical location such as, hand, foot and forearm those are difficult to achieve complete resection because of close to neurovascular structures. Careful observation should be needed owing to incomplete resection can occurs recurrence.
Extremities ; Foot ; Forearm ; Hand ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Logistic Models ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

The authors attempted to examine the allelic association between the A1 allele of Dopamine D2 receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism, drug addiction in Koreans. Schizophrenic patients(n=31), alcoholism(n=65), drug addiction(n=18) and controls(n=52) were examined by case-control study for distribution of the Taql polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene in Korean population to minimize the effect of racial differencies in gene frequencies. In schizophrenics, the numbers of schizophrenics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 9(29%), 15(48%) and 7(22%) respectively and in alcoholics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 14(21.5%), 36(55.4%) and 15(23.1%) respectively and in drug addiction with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 4(7.6%), 24(46.2%) and 24(46.2%) respectively. The prevalence of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction and controls were 77%, 76.9%, 67% and 53.8% respectively. And the frequency of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction, and controls were 0.53 0.49, 0.39 and 0.31 respectively. There was significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between schizophrenics, alcoholics and controls. We also classified our alcoholic population. For classification by severity, we used the median MAST score 30 in our samples. There was also significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between less severe group(0.42) and more severe group(0.57). This data suggest that the A1 allele is associated with schizophrenia and alcoholism in Korean. Furthermore the prevalence of the A1 allele increased in more severely affected alcoholics. The authors conclude that our data support an allelic association between the A1 allele at dopamine D2 receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism. These results suggest the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary etiological agent.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Classification ; Dopamine* ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Dopamine D2* ; Schizophrenia* ; Substance-Related Disorders*

Both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary involvement of collagen vascular disease(CVD) are well known cause of diffuse interstitial lung disease which lead to fibrosis and honeycombing. We analyzed HRCT findings of 33 patients with IPF and 14 patients with CVD in terms of predominant pattern, site of involvement, mediastinal lymph node enlargement, pleural change and pulmonary volume loss. Criteria of mediastinal lymph node enlargement and pleural thickening were 15mm in long diameter and 3mm, respectively. Volume loss of the lung was measured by using hilar height ratio (apex to hilum/hilum to diaphragmatic dome). Mean age was 61 years for IPF and 46 years for CVD and male: female ratio was 27:6, 4:10, respectively. Predominant HRCT pattern was honeycombing for IPF (63%), and ground-glass opacity for CVD (66%) (p=0.001). Predominantly, subpleural involvement was seen in 90% for IPF and 74% for CVD. Mediastinal lymph node enlargement was seen in 47% of the patient with IPF and 14% with CVD (p=0.004). pleural thickening was seen in 97% of the patients with IPF and 42% with CVD (P=0.002), Pleural effusion was seen in 10% of the patients with IPF and 36% with CVD (P=0.009). Hilar height ratio of more than 1.5 was seen in 84% of the patients with IPF and 29% with CVD. In conclusion, our study shows that patients with IPF are prone to have more progressed stage of pulmonary fibrosis than the patients with CVD on HRCT.
Collagen* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Fibrosis

Neurofibromas are common benign tumors and can originate from any nerve tissue in the body. A solitary neurofibroma in breast parenchyma has rarely been reported, however. We report a neurofibroma originating from breast parenchyma in a 61-year old woman. On mammography, the mass appeared as a well marginated and circumscribed mass, suggesting a benign tumor, and after excisional biopsy, was pathologically proven to be a neurofibroma.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue ; Neurofibroma*

No abstract available.

Background: Cardiac tamponade results in a hemodynamic disorder associated with decreased cardiac output and blood pressure. To improve cardiac output in a subject with cardiac tamponade, cardiotonic drugs and vasodilators with blood volume expander can be used. The purpose of this study was to observe the hemodynamic effects of cardiotonic drugs and vasodilators following administration of plasma expander in the dogs with cardiac tamponade. Method: Three groups of dogs were studied during the induced cardiac tamponade. Following infusion of pentastarch, group I received dobutamine by dripping of 10 microg/kg/min, followed by injection of 20 microg/kg/min, group II received hydralazine (20 mg, 40 mg) and group III received sodium nitroprusside (5 microg/kg/min, 10 microg/kg/min). The heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and pulmonary arterial occluded pressure were measured. The atrial transmural pressure was calculated by subtracting intrapericardial pressure from mean atrial pressure. Results: Cardiac output was increased in the groups I and II, but mean arterial pressure was increased in only the group I. Atrial transmural pressure was not changed in all three groups. Conclusion: The most pronounced hemodynamic improvements during the cardiac tamponade is observed in group I with pentastarch-dobutamine combination.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiac Tamponade* ; Cardiotonic Agents ; Dobutamine* ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Hydralazine* ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives* ; Nitroprusside* ; Plasma ; Vasodilator Agents

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul