No abstract available.
Hepatorenal Syndrome*

The radiologic and clinical findings of foreign bodies in the chest of children are well recognized. Foreign bodies in adults are infrequent, however, and the radiologic findings of these unusual circumstances have rarely been described. We classified various thoracic foreign bodies into three types according to their cause: Type I, Aspiration, Type II, Trauma or Accident; Type III, Iatrogenic. This pictorial essay will illustrate the radiologic findings and consequences of thoracic foreign bodies in adults, which have rarely been described in the radiologic literature. The clinical significance of thoracic foreign bodies will be also be discussed.
Accidents ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aspiration ; Esophagus/radiography ; Female ; Foreign Bodies/*etiology/*radiography ; Heart/radiography ; Human ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Male ; Middle Age ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; *Thorax ; Wounds and Injuries/complications ; Wounds, Gunshot/complications

Epidural anesthesia is widely practiced for lower abdominal operation and especially for delivery in many hospitals and complications are minimal compared with spinal anesthesia. Rarely these complications are extremely serious like hemiplegia which may not recover even though laminectomy and decompression of spinal cord are performed. This may be followed by epidural hematoma and abscess. Some authors have recommended that epidural anesthesia not be used for patients with blood dyscrasia or under treatment with anticoagulant, In an example a 53 year old man with a gallbladder disorder developed paraplegia after continuous epidural anesthesia. Thereafter total laminectomy (T1~L4) with decompression was done within 24 hours. The operation was successful and he recovered satisfactory without any sequelae.
Abscess ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Decompression ; Gallbladder ; Hematoma* ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Middle Aged ; Paraplegia ; Spinal Cord

The fungus aspergillus can cause a variety of pulmonary disorders. Aspergilloma is a noninvasive aspergillus colonization of virtually any type of preexisting pulmonary cavity or Cystic space. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is serious, usually fatal infection in patients being treated with immunosuppressants or who have chronic debilitating disease. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is charaterized clinically by asthma, blood and sputum eosinophilia and positive immunologic reaction to aspergillus antigen. Awareness of the radio-graphic and CT findings of pulmonary aspergillosis is important in making the diagnosis of aspergillus-caused pulmonary disorders. In this pictorial essay, we illustrated various radiological findings of pulmonary aspergillosis focused on CT findings correlated with gross pathologic specimens.
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary ; Aspergillus ; Asthma ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis* ; Sputum

The fungus aspergillus can cause a variety of pulmonary disorders. Aspergilloma is a noninvasive aspergillus colonization of virtually any type of preexisting pulmonary cavity or Cystic space. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is serious, usually fatal infection in patients being treated with immunosuppressants or who have chronic debilitating disease. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is charaterized clinically by asthma, blood and sputum eosinophilia and positive immunologic reaction to aspergillus antigen. Awareness of the radio-graphic and CT findings of pulmonary aspergillosis is important in making the diagnosis of aspergillus-caused pulmonary disorders. In this pictorial essay, we illustrated various radiological findings of pulmonary aspergillosis focused on CT findings correlated with gross pathologic specimens.
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary ; Aspergillus ; Asthma ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis* ; Sputum

PURPOSE: To analyse the risk factors for recurrence of hemangiomas in extremities after surgical treatment and to compare with those of trunk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 cases of hemangioma with surgical treatments from June 1998 to September 2009 were analysed. 53 cases with surgical treatment on trunk in the same period were set to be the control group. We analyze several factors: age, location, site, size, histologic types and correlation between recurrence and each risk factor using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Recurrence rate was 11.7% in extremities and 9.4% in trunk. There were no correlation between recurrence and age, site, size, histologic type. But, there was stastically significant correlation between recurrence rate and location, especially hand, forearm, feet in extremities and head and neck in trunk. CONCLUSION: Recurrence after surgical treatment of hemangioma is highly prevalent in anatomical location such as, hand, foot and forearm those are difficult to achieve complete resection because of close to neurovascular structures. Careful observation should be needed owing to incomplete resection can occurs recurrence.
Extremities ; Foot ; Forearm ; Hand ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Logistic Models ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

Abrupt increase in the size of cervico-mediastinal tumor due to infection or spontaneous hemorrhage into cyst can induce severe tracheal compression and therefore sudden death. A 5 year old boy, who had a history of URI, had an enlarging cystic hygroma on the right side of the neck and anterior mediastinum. Under diagnosis of the cervico-mediastinal cystic hygroma, surgical removal was scheduled. After induction of anesthesia, intubation was done without any difficulty. A few minutes later, signs of partial airway obstruction were appeared. And within a very short period, total airway occlusion occurred. The tracheal tube was removed and manual ventilation was performed with positive airway pressure, but ineffective. We attempted to puncture cricothyroid membrane with 14 Gauge needle in order to ventilate manually. As soon as we puncture cricothyroid membrane, straw-colored fluid, not air, gushed out through a needle. After aspiration of about 200ml of cystic fluid, the obstructive signs disappeared and the patency of the airway was maintained. Intraoperatively, no more airway problems occured and vital signs were stable. And postoperatively, patient had no specific complications and discharged on the 7th day after operation.
Airway Obstruction* ; Anesthesia ; Child, Preschool ; Death, Sudden ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Membranes ; Neck ; Needles ; Punctures ; Ventilation ; Vital Signs

Background : Recurrent wheezing in infants is manifested in a number of disease spectrums and gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) has been known to be associated with apnea, recurrent pneumonia, asthma, chronic cough, and wheezing. The prevalence of GER in infants with recurrent wheezing and the relationship between atopy and GER in infantile asthmatics have not yet been established, but it was hypothesized that microaspiration of food allergen could induce food-induced wheezing. Objective : To evaluate the prevalence of GER in infants with recurrent wheezing episodes, and to determine whether the presence of atopy affects the prevalence of GER in infantile asthmatics. Method : Seventy infants with recurrent wheezing episodes were evaluated for GER using 24 hour continuous esophageal pH monitoring. Patients were classified into five groups, : 12 atopic asthmatics : 20 nonatopic asthmatics : 15 infants with recurrent bronchiolitis : 8 infants with recurrent pneumonia : and 15 infants with chronic lung disease ( CLD ) of prematurity. GER was considered to be prevalent when reflux index was higher than 95 percentile of normal values by Vandenplas, 1991. Result : The prevalence of GER in infants with recurrent wheezing was 21.4%. The prevalence of GER in each group was 25% in atopic asthmatics, 20% in nonatopic asthmatics, 6.7% in infants with recurrent bronchiolitis, 12.5% in infants with recurrent pneumonia, and 40% in infants with CLD of prematurity. There were no significant differences in prevalence of GER between atopic asthmatics and nonatopic asthmatics, between asthmatics with atopic dermatitis and those without, and between asthmatics with family history of allergy and those without. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of GER in infants with recurrent wheezing was high, especially in infantile asthmatics and infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity. The presence of atopy may not affect the prevalence of GER in infantile asthmatics.
Apnea ; Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Cough ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Infant* ; Lung Diseases ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence* ; Reference Values ; Respiratory Sounds*

MR imaging of the brain in 34 patients were reviewed to characterize the MR findings of brain damage due to perinatal hypoxic insult All the patients had a history of perinatal hypoxia and showed abnormal brain MR findings. Out of 34, eight infants were born premature and twenty-six were born at term or post-term. MR findings were analysed for the extent and location of abnormalities of the white matter, cortical abnormality. Corpus callosum atrophy, and abnormal progression of myelination. The major abnormalities were abnormal signal lesions or atrophy of the cerebral white matter and gyral atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The distribution of white matter lesions well correlated with maturity of the brain at the time of hypoxic insult. Periventricular and deep white matter lesions predominated in the premature-born patients. Corpus callosum atrophy was frequently seen. Reflecting the location of white matter injury. Delay in myelination was present in 55%. MR is a very useful diagnostic imaging modality and guide for the prediction of prognosis by accurate depiction of the location and extent of brain damage due to perinatal hypoxic insult.
Anoxia* ; Atrophy ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelin Sheath ; Prognosis ; White Matter

No abstract available.
Korea*