We would like to correct the affiliation for the first author.

No abstract available.
Tattooing ; Warts

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar*

No abstract available.
Capillaries* ; Hemangioma, Capillary*

BACKROUND/AIMS: Bismuth-based quadruple therapy for second-line eradication treatment achieves the eradication rate ranging from 70% to 81% due to antimicrobial resistance and poor compliance. The aim of this study was to compare the eradication rate of levofloxacin-based triple therapy with that of bismuth-based quadruple therapy in second-line Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy. METHODS: Seventy-six outpatients with persistent H. pylori infection after first-line triple therapy were enrolled in this prospective randomized trial. The subjects were randomized to receive levofloxacin 300 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and pantoprazole 20 mg, given twice daily for 7 days (LAP group), or metronidazole 500 mg twice, tetracycline 500 mg four times, and pantoprazole 20 mg twice, bismuth subcitrate 600 mg twice daily for 7 days (MTPB group). Eradication was confirmed with 13C-urea breath test or rapid urease test 4 weeks after the cessation of therapy. RESULTS: Among Seventy-six patients initially included, eleven were lost during follow-up. The eradication rates, expressed as intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses, were 51.6% and 53.3% in the LAP group, and 48.9% and 62.9% in the MTPB group, respectively. There was no significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates between the two groups (p=0.815 by ITT, p=0.437 by PP). LAP regimen was better tolerated than MTPB regimen with lower incidence of side effects (10.0% versus 31.4%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori eradication rates of levofloxacin-based triple therapy and bismuth-based quadruple therapy were not significantly different in second-line H. pylori eradication therapy, and low incidence of side effects was observed in levofloxacin-based triple therapy.
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles/administration & dosage ; Adult ; Antacids/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ofloxacin/*administration & dosage ; Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Oral sodium phosphate is known to be safe and it is widely used as a colon cleansing agent for colonoscopy. Yet several complicated cases with the development of electrolyte imbalance have been reported. We report here on 2 interesting cases: after administration of oral sodium phosphate, one patient presented with hyponatremia (Na, 122 mEq/L) with seizure and the other patient presented with hyponatremia (Na, 120 mEq/L) with a confused mentality. Brain imaging and electroencephalography showed no evidence of other causes for the seizure and mental change. We report here on two cases of hyponatremia with neurologic side effects, and this was all caused by oral sodium phosphate. We also include a review of the relevant literature.
Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Detergents ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Neuroimaging ; Phosphates ; Seizures ; Sodium

OBJECTIVE: This article was to review 10 years experience of cesarean hysterectomy at our hospital. To review risk factors, management & outcome of emergency peripartum hysterectomy performed in last 10 years at our hospital. MATERIAL & METHODS: The outcome of 33 cases of cesarean hysterectomy performed at St. Benedict hospital during 10 years from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1999 was discussed & evaluated. RESULTS: During this time, there was 16014 deliveries, of which 5640 were cesarean section and 25 were cesarean hysterectomies, an incidence of 0.44%, and of which 10374 were vaginal deliveries 8 were. Cesarian hysterectomies are incidence of 0.08%. The age of patients varies from 18 to 42. The higher the age and the parity of patients, the higher incidence of cesarean hysterectomy was noted. The most common indication of cesarean hysterectomy was placental abnormal presentation [placenta accreta (30.3%), placenta previa (27.2%)], uterine atony (33.3%), uterine myoma with pregnancy (6.0%) and Uterine ruture (3.0%). The complication were febrile morbidity, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and urinary tract injury. There was one maternal death. CONCLUSION: Postoperative complication still remain the causes of maternal morbidity. There careful prenatal care momentary judgement of right operation time, fresh whole blood transfusion and reduction of operation time must be conjunction with maternal life saving. Cesarean delivery, prior cesarean delivery placenta accreta and uterine atony were identified as risk factors for emergency peripartum hysterectomy and abnormal presentation was the primary cause of cesarean hysterectomy. Still, cesarean hysterectomy remains a potentially life saving procedure with which every obstetrician must be familiar.
Blood Transfusion ; Cesarean Section ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incidence ; Leiomyoma ; Maternal Death ; Parity ; Peripartum Period ; Placenta Accreta ; Placenta Previa ; Postoperative Complications ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Tract ; Uterine Inertia

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare the laryngeal tube (LT) insertion conditions at 3.0 and 3.5microgram/ml effect site concentrations (ECs) during anesthesia induction using the target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. METHODS: The forty patients were randomly divided into two groups. The patients received TCI of propofol with a 6.0 microgram/ml target plasma concentration (Cpt) and then an LT was inserted without the aid of a muscle relaxant when the predicted EC reached 3.0microgram/ml (group 1) or 3.5microgram/ml (group 2). The conditions of LT insertion, i.e., mouth opening, gagging, coughing, head or limb movement, laryngospasm, and overall ease, and hemodynamic responses were evaluated 3 min after midazolam injection, at loss of consciousness and eyelash reflex, and immediately before, immediately after, 1 min after, and 3 min after LT insertion. We also compared times required to insert LTs, cuff volumes, and incidences of blood staining and of postoperative sore throat. RESULTS: The conditions of LT insertion, except laryngospasm and overall ease, were not significantly different in the two groups. The incidence of laryngospasm in group 1 (25%) was significantly higher than in group 2 (0%) and group 2 was better than group 1 in terms of overall ease of insertion (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of hemodynamic responses. Minimum cuff volume to 60 cmH2O was 64.0 +/- 8.3 ml in Group 1 and 63.9 +/- 6.5 ml in Group 2, and time required for LT insertion was 21.0 +/- 11.0 sec in Group 1 and 24.7 +/- 16.6 sec in Group 2. Postoperative sore throat and blood stain incidences were not significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: After induction with 6microgram/ml of Cpt using propofol TCI for LT insertion, LT insertion at 3.5microgram/ml of EC provided a lower incidence of laryngospasm and better overall ease than insertion at 3.0microgram/ml of EC.
Anesthesia ; Blood Stains ; Cough ; Extremities ; Gagging ; Head ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laryngismus ; Midazolam ; Mouth ; Pharyngitis ; Plasma ; Propofol* ; Reflex ; Unconsciousness

BACKGROUND: Low-dose intrathecal opioid has been used for early postoperative pain co1ntrol. This study was designed to assess effect intrathecal morphine on postoperative pain control for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) under combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSE) in elderly patients. METHODS: Fifty four patients over 60 years, undergoing TKA were randomly allocated to three groups. M(0) group for control group did not received intrathecal morphine, M(50) and M(100) group received intrathecal morphine 50microgram and 100microgram respectively. The pain scores (verbal numeric rating scale, VNRS) at rest and coughing, analgesic consumption, patient satisfaction and side effects such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, headache, dizziness, sedation, respiratory depression, and urinary retention were recorded immediately before and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hour after the initiation of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). RESULTS: VNRS were low at each time, and were not exceeding 2 in all groups. M(50) and M(100) group revealed significantly less analgesic consumption compared to M(0) group (P < 0.05). PCEA first injection time after PCEA connection was shortest in M(0) group compared to M(50) and M(100) group. The incidence of pruritus increased in M(50) and M(100) group with dose-dependence, but no significant differences were noticed in other side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal morphine use showed no significant analgesic effect except pruritus compared to control group. Further studies are required into the effective intrathecal morphine without side effects in elderly patients for TKA.
Aged* ; Analgesia ; Analgesia, Epidural ; Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee* ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

Although trivalent subunit vaccine has been available, the influenza vaccine has been under-utilized because of cumbersome route of vaccination and low level of protection. Therefore, there has always been a great need to develop live attenuated influenza vaccine which can be administered through nasal route and elicit better immunogenicity. Through conventional repeated passage at low temperature, a live influenza vaccine carrier could be established. By reassortant formation between the 'cold- adapted' vaccine carrier and virulent strains, a prototype of trivalent live influenza vaccine is developed. Influenza A virus was adapted to replicate at low temperature. Serial passage at progressively lower temperature (30degrees C, 27degrees C and 24degrees C)resulted in the generation of cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant and attenuation (att) phenotype. This strain was evaluated for their ability to protect mice from challenge with same subtype and different subtype of influenza A virus. The study showed that vaccination of mice with live attenuated influenza virus provided complete protection against homologous and heterologous virus challenge. We also evaluated therapeutic potential of ca influenza virus. The mice infected with ca virus before challenge with wild type viruses or infected with simultaneously showed reduced clinical symptoms suggesting potential therapeutic effects.
Animals ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza Vaccines ; Mice ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Phenotype ; Serial Passage ; Vaccination